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Hughes SS, Nielsen MMK, Jonsbo RV, Nielsen CU, Lauritsen FR, Prabhala BK. BeerMIMS: Exploring the Use of Membrane-Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) Coupled to KNIME for the Characterization of Danish Beers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:266-271. [PMID: 34989272 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211073317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Beer is a complex mix of more than 7700 compounds, around 800 of which are volatile. While GC-MS has been actively employed in the analysis of the volatome of beer, this method is challenged by the complex nature of the sample. Herein, we explored the possible of using membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) coupled to KNIME to characterize local Danish beers. KNIME stands for Konstanz Information Miner and is a free open-source data processing software which comes with several prebuilt nodes, that, when organized, result in data processing workflows allowing swift analysis of data with outputs that can be visualized in the desired format. KNIME has been shown to be promising in automation of large datasets and requires very little computing power. In fact, most of the computations can be carried out on a regular PC. Herein, we have utilized a KNIME workflow for data visualization of MIMS data to understand the global volatome of beers. Feature identification was not possible as of now but with a combination of MIMS and a KNIME workflow, we were able to distinguish beers from different micro-breweries located in Denmark, laying the foundation for the use of MIMS in future analysis of the beer volatome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus M K Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6174University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Voersaa Jonsbo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6174University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6174University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frants Roager Lauritsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6174University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bala Krishna Prabhala
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6174University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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2
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Luchner M, Gutmann R, Bayer K, Dunkl J, Hansel A, Herbig J, Singer W, Strobl F, Winkler K, Striedner G. Implementation of proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for advanced bioprocess monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3059-69. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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3
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Vaidyanathan S, Macaloney G, Vaughan J, McNeil B, Harvey LM. Monitoring of Submerged Bioprocesses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/0738-859991229161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Creba AS, Weissfloch ANE, Krogh ET, Gill CG. An enzyme derivatized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane for use in membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:973-9. [PMID: 17395478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) provides direct measurement of volatile and semivolatile analytes in condensed and gas-phase samples without sample preparation steps. Although MIMS has numerous advantages that include direct, on-line, real-time analysis with low detection limits, current applications of MIMS are predominantly limited to volatile and semivolatile analytes that permeate hydrophobic membranes (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS). We report the first enzyme modified PDMS membrane for use with MIMS. This was achieved by immobilizing Candida rugosa lipase directly onto the surface of oxidized PDMS. These surface immobilized enzymes catalyze ester hydrolysis, releasing an alcohol product at the membrane interface that is readily detected. We have successfully used an enzyme modified membrane for the analysis and quantification of low-volatility and hydrophilic esters. We report the quantification of several carboxylic acid esters in dilute aqueous solutions, including a phthalate monoester carboxylate that is not readily detected by conventional MIMS. This new interface demonstrates the potential for extending the range and versatility of MIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Skye Creba
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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de Vos Petersen C, Beck HC, Lauritsen FR. On-line monitoring of important organoleptic methyl-branched aldehydes during batch fermentation of starter culture Staphylococcus xylosus reveal new insight into their production in a model fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 85:298-305. [PMID: 14748085 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A small fermentor (55 mL) was directly interfaced to a membrane inlet mass spectrometer for continuous on-line monitoring of oxygen and volatile metabolites during batch fermentations of the starter culture Staphylococcus xylosus. Using this technique, we were able to correlate production of the very important flavor compounds 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 2-methylpropanal with various growth conditions. We found that the aldehydes were present in the culture broth only as transient metabolites. They were produced in the exponential growth phase, reached a maximum concentration when the culture became anaerobic, and then they rapidly disappeared from the culture medium. This general pattern was observed for three different strains of S. xylosus and S. carnosus. Small amounts of inoculum or increased exposure to oxygen were found to favor production of the aldehydes as a result of a longer aerobic growth period. Growing S. xylosus under conditions resembling those in a fermented sausage revealed that NaCl (5%) increased aldehyde production considerably, whereas KNO(3) (0.03%) or NaNO(2) (0.03%) had little effect. A lowering of pH from 7.2 to 6.0 reduced cell density, but had a minor affect on aldehyde production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian de Vos Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Campusvej 5230, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Kacmar J, Zamamiri A, Carlson R, Abu-Absi NR, Srienc F. Single-cell variability in growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell populations measured with automated flow cytometry. J Biotechnol 2004; 109:239-54. [PMID: 15066762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Revised: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 01/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures normally are heterogeneous due to factors such as the cell cycle, inhomogeneous cell microenvironments, and genetic differences. However, distributions of cell properties usually are not taken into account in the characterization of a culture when only population averaged values are measured. In this study, the cell size, green fluorescence protein (Gfp) content, and viability after automated staining with propidium iodide (PI) are monitored at the single-cell level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures growing in a batch bioreactor using an automated flow injection flow cytometer system. To demonstrate the wealth of information that can be obtained with this system, three cultures containing three different plasmids are compared. The first plasmid is a centromeric plasmid expressing under the control of a TEF2 promoter the S65T mutant form of Gfp. The other two plasmids are 2 microm plasmids and express the FM2 mutant of Gfp under the control of either the TEF1 or the TEF2 promoter. The automated sampling, cell preparation, and analysis permitted frequent quantification of the culture characteristics. The time course of the data representing not only population average values but also their variability, provides a detailed and reproducible "fingerprint" of the culture dynamics. The data demonstrate that small changes in the genetic make up of the recombinant system can result in large changes in the culture Gfp production and viability. Thus, the developed instrumentation is valuable for rapidly testing promoter strength, plasmid stability, cell viability, and culture variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kacmar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 151 Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA
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Biodegradation studies of 4-fluorobenzoic acid and 4-fluorocinnamic acid: an evaluation of membrane inlet mass spectrometry as an alternative to high performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kotiaho T, Lauritsen FR. Chapter 16 Membrane inlet mass spectrometry. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR FIELD AND LABORATORY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(02)80053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The paper gives a review on the recent development of bioprocess engineering. It includes monitoring of product formation processes by flow injection analysis, various types of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods as well as by biosensors. The evaluation of mycelial morphology and physiology by digital image analysis is discussed also. It deals with advanced control of indirectly evaluated process variables by means of state estimation/observer, with the use of structured and hybrid models, expert systems and pattern recognition for process optimization and gives a short report on the state of the art of metabolic flux analysis and metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schügerl
- Institut für Technische Chemie der Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3, D-30167, Hannover, Germany.
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Christensen LH, Marcher J, Schulze U, Carlsen M, Min RW, Nielsen J, Villadsen J. Semi-on-line analysis for fast and precise monitoring of bioreaction processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 52:237-47. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19961020)52:2<237::aid-bit5>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Stone ML, Gresham GL, Polson LA. Characterization of two polyphosphazene materials as membranes in membrane induction mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Dell‘Orco P, Brum J, Matsuoka R, Badlani M, Muske K. Monitoring Process-Scale Reactions Using API Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac990554o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dell‘Orco
- Analytical Sciences and Synthetic Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
| | - Jeffrey Brum
- Analytical Sciences and Synthetic Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
| | - Richard Matsuoka
- Analytical Sciences and Synthetic Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
| | - Manish Badlani
- Analytical Sciences and Synthetic Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
| | - Kenneth Muske
- Analytical Sciences and Synthetic Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085
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13
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Wareham PD, Persaud KC. On-line analysis of sample atmospheres using membrane inlet mass spectrometry as a method of monitoring vegetable respiration rate. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Ketola RA, Mansikka T, Ojala M, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R. Analysis of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Air by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raimo A. Ketola
- VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, Fin-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Timo Mansikka
- VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, Fin-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Marja Ojala
- VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, Fin-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Tapio Kotiaho
- VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, Fin-02044 VTT, Finland
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Srinivasan N, Johnson R, Kasthurikrishnan N, Wong P, Cooks R. Membrane introduction mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Schou M, Graf T, Degn H. Construction and performance of plug-in membrane inlet mass spectrometer for fermentor monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 54:535-42. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970620)54:6<535::aid-bit4>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Hansen K, Gylling S, Lauritsen F. Time- and concentration-dependent relative peak intensities observed in electron impact membrane inlet mass spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(95)04338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry is a rapid and high-resolution method for the analysis of otherwise non-volatile material and has been widely applied for discriminating between closely related microbial strains. Recent advances in statistical and neural network methods based on supervised learning have now permitted exploitation of pyrolysis mass spectrometry in the quantitative analysis of many diverse samples of biotechnological interest; the technique may thus be regarded as an 'anything-sensor'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goodacre
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, SY23 3DA, UK
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19
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Srinivasan N, Kasthurikrishnan N, Cooks R, Krishnan M, Tsao G. On-line monitoring with feedback control of bioreactors using a high ethanol tolerance yeast by membrane introduction mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Rapid and quantitative analysis of metabolites in fermentor broths using pyrolysis mass spectrometry with supervised learning: application to the screening of Penicillium chrysogenum fermentations for the overproduction of penicillins. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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