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Optimization and in Silico Analysis of a Cold-Adapted Lipase from an Antarctic Pseudomonas sp. Strain AMS8 Reaction in Triton X-100 Reverse Micelles. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderate yield of a purified enzyme can be achieved by using the simple technique of reverse micellar extraction (RME). RME is a liquid–liquid extraction method that uses a surfactant and an organic solvent to extract biomolecules. Instead of traditional chromatographic purification methods, which are tedious and expensive, RME using the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and toluene is used as an alternative purification technique to purify a recombinant cold-adapted lipase, AMS8. Various process parameters were optimized to maximize the activity recovery of the AMS8 lipase. The optimal conditions were found to be 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7, 0.125 M NaCl, and 0.07 M Triton X-100 in toluene at 10 °C. Approximately 56% of the lipase activity was successfully recovered. Structural analysis of the lipase in a reverse micelle (RM) was performed using an in silico approach. The predicted model of AMS8 lipase was simulated in the Triton X-100/toluene reverse micelles from 5 to 40 °C. The lid 2 was slightly opened at 10 °C. However, the secondary structure of AMS8 was most affected in the non-catalytic domain compared to the catalytic domain, with an increased coil conformation. These results suggest that an AMS8 lipase can be extracted using Triton X-100/water/toluene micelles at low temperature. This RME approach will be an important tool for the downstream processing of recombinant cold-adapted lipases.
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Ward K, Stuckey DC. Refractive index matching to develop transparent polyaphrons: Characterization of immobilized proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 142:159-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gomez del Rio JA, Hayes DG. Protein extraction by Winsor-III microemulsion systems. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1091-100. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dong XY, Meng Y, Feng XD, Sun Y. A metal-chelate affinity reverse micellar system for protein extraction. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:150-8. [PMID: 19830821 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new nonionic reverse micellar system is developed by blending two nonionic surfactants, Triton X-45 and Span 80. At total surfactant concentrations lower than 60 mmol/L and molar fractions of Triton X-45 less than 0.6, thermodynamically stable reverse micelles of water content (W(0)) up to 30 are formed. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP; 1-2 mmol/L) is introduced into the system for chelating transition metal ions that have binding affinity for histidine-rich proteins. HDEHP exists in a dimeric form in organic solvents and a dimer associated with one transition metal ion, including copper, zinc, and nickel. The copper-chelate reverse micelles (Cu-RM) are characterized for their W(0), hydrodynamic radius (R(h)), and aggregation number (N(ag)). Similar with reverse micelles of bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), R(h) of the Cu-RM is also linearly related to W(0). However, N(ag) is determined to be 30-90 at W(0) of 5-30, only quarter to half of the AOT reverse micelles. Then, selective metal-chelate extraction of histidine-rich protein (myoglobin) by the Cu-RM is successfully performed with pure and mixed protein systems (myoglobin and lysozyme). The solubilized protein can be recovered by stripping with imidazole or ethylinediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. Because various transition metal ions can be chelated to the reverse micelles, it is convinced that the system would be useful for application in protein purification as well as simultaneous isolation and refolding of recombinant histidine-tagged proteins expressed as inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Dong
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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George DA, Stuckey DC. Extraction of monoclonal antibodies (IgG1) using anionic and anionic/nonionic reverse micelles. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1352-60. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tonova K, Lazarova Z. Reversed micelle solvents as tools of enzyme purification and enzyme-catalyzed conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:516-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Feng X, Zhang J, Chen J, Han B, Shen D. Enhanced Solubilization of Bovine Serum Albumin in Reverse Micelles by Compressed CO2. Chemistry 2006; 12:2087-93. [PMID: 16358346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of compressed CO2 on the solubilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in water/sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane reverse micelles was studied by observing phase behavior and recording UV-visible spectra under different conditions. The pH values within the water cores of reverse micelles at different CO2 pressures were also determined. The solubilization capacity of the reverse micelles for the protein increased considerably as CO2 pressure increased within the low-pressure range, but decreased at higher CO2 pressures, so that the micelles eventually lost their ability to solubilize the protein. The effect of CO2 on the stability of the reverse micelles played an important role in the relationship between pressure and protein solubility. A "multicomplex" model was proposed to explain these effects. The different solublization capacities within different pressure ranges demonstrates the unique advantage of using compressed CO2 in the extraction of proteins with reverse micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Feng
- The Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080 (China)
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How can temperature affect reverse micellar extraction using sucrose fatty acid ester? Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Forward and backward extractions of cytochrome c using reverse micellar system of sucrose fatty acid ester. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Krishna SH, Srinivas ND, Raghavarao KSMS, Karanth NG. Reverse micellar extraction for downstream processing of proteins/enzymes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 75:119-83. [PMID: 11787493 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44604-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
New developments in the area of downstream processing are, hopefully, to fulfill the promises of modern biotechnology. The traditional separation processes such as chromatography or electrophoresis can become prohibitively expensive unless the product is of high value. Hence, there is a need to develop efficient and cost-effective downstream processing methods. Reverse micellar extraction is one such potential and a promising liquid-liquid extraction technique, which has received immense attention for isolation and purification of proteins/enzymes in the recent times. This technique is easy to scale-up and offers continuous operation. This review, besides briefly considering important physico-chemical and biological aspects, highlights the engineering aspects including mass transfer, mathematical modeling, and technology development. It also discusses recent developments in reverse micellar extraction such as affinity based separations, enzymatic reactions in reverse micelles coupled with membrane processes, reverse micellar extraction in hollow fibers, etc. Special emphasis has been given to some recent applications of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hari Krishna
- Department of Fermentation Technology & Bioengineering, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
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Abstract
Formation of reversed micellar systems using biocompatible components was revealed by a significant increase of water content in the organic phase. Soybean lecithin (SL), which is a mixture of different phospholipids, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) purified from soybean were used as the amphiphilic molecule. Fatty acid and fatty acid ethyl esters were used as the organic solvent. Reversed micelles were formed in the following combinations of (amphiphilic molecule)/(organic solvent): SL/ethyl caproate, SL/ethyl oleate, SL/ethyl linoleate, PC/ethyl caproate, and PC/oleic acid. Characterization of the micelles using small angle X-ray scattering analysis was presented. Reversed micelles formed in SL/ethyl caproate, SL/ethyl oleate, and PC/ethyl caproate systems were spherical. Their radius of gyration was about 40Å when the water concentration in the organic phase was maximal. Maximal water concentrations in SL/ethyl caproate and PC/ethyl caproate reversed micellar systems decreased with increasing salt concentration in the aqueous phase. Micelle sizes also decreased with increased salt concentration. The extraction of protein cytochrome c using the reversed micellar system was demonstrated. Application of these reversed micellar systems will expand to pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Naoe K, Ura O, Hattori M, Kawagoe M, Imai M. Protein extraction using non-ionic reverse micelles of Span 60. Biochem Eng J 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(98)00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ghenciu EG, Russell AJ, Beckman EJ, Steele L, Becker NT. Solubilization of subtilisin in CO2 using fluoroether-functional amphiphiles. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998; 58:572-80. [PMID: 10099294 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980620)58:6<572::aid-bit2>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a naturally abundant, environmentally benign solvent whose use, like water, in a process is not regulated by either EPA or FDA. Unfortunately, polar compounds such as amino acids and proteins are essentially insoluble in carbon dioxide. Further, alkyl-functional surfactants, which have been shown to allow extraction of proteins into conventional organic solvents, exhibit very poor or negligible solubility in CO2 at pressures below 50 MPa. Consequently, highly CO2-soluble fluoroether-functional surfactants have been generated and used to solubilize subtilisin Carlsberg from aqueous buffer and cell culture medium into CO2, with recovery accomplished by depressurization. Both the amount of protein solubilized in the emulsion and the extent of activity retention by the protein following recovery are functions of the initial protein concentration in the buffer. This, plus the observation that the presence of protein affects the stability of the emulsion, suggests that some of the protein is sacrificed to act as a stabilizer in these systems. In addition to solubilization via an inverse emulsion, it has also been shown that one can strip protein-surfactant aggregates from a middle phase emulsion using pure CO2, suggesting an ion-pairing type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Ghenciu
- Chemical Engineering Dept. and Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Protein Inactivations During Novel Bioseparation Techniques. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(98)80034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Nagayama K, Matsu-ura SI, Doi T, Imai M. Kinetic characterization of esterification catalyzed by Rhizopus delemar lipase in lecithin-AOT microemulsion systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(97)00017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vasudevan M, Wiencek JM. Mechanism of the Extraction of Proteins into Tween 85 Nonionic Microemulsions. Ind Eng Chem Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ie950328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 137 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1219
| | - John M. Wiencek
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 137 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1219
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