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Desmurget C, Perilleux A, Souquet J, Borth N, Douet J. Molecular biomarkers identification and applications in CHO bioprocessing. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:11-24. [PMID: 38852681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers are valuable tools in clinical research where they allow to predict susceptibility to diseases, or response to specific treatments. Likewise, biomarkers can be extremely useful in the biomanufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Indeed, constraints such as short timelines and the need to find hyper-productive cells could benefit from a data-driven approach during cell line and process development. Many companies still rely on large screening capacities to develop productive cell lines, but as they reach a limit of production, there is a need to go from empirical to rationale procedures. Similarly, during bioprocessing runs, substrate consumption and metabolism wastes are commonly monitored. None of them possess the ability to predict the culture behavior in the bioreactor. Big data driven approaches are being adapted to the study of industrial mammalian cell lines, enabled by the publication of Chinese hamster and CHO genome assemblies which allowed the use of next-generation sequencing with these cells, as well as continuous proteome and metabolome annotation. However, if these different -omics technologies contributed to the characterization of CHO cells, there is a significant effort remaining to apply this knowledge to biomanufacturing methods. The correlation of a complex phenotype such as high productivity or rapid growth to the presence or expression level of a specific biomarker could save time and effort in the screening of manufacturing cell lines or culture conditions. In this review we will first discuss the different biological molecules that can be identified and quantified in cells, their detection techniques, and associated challenges. We will then review how these markers are used during the different steps of cell line and bioprocess development, and the inherent limitations of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desmurget
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Perilleux
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julien Douet
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhu D, Wang Z, Xu Y, Lin J, Qiu M, Liu J, Li X. Novel application of anti‐human Fc nanobody for screening high‐producing CHO cells for monoclonal antibody. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:608-618. [PMID: 36247827 PMCID: PMC9550735 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal‐derived anti‐IgG secondary antibodies are currently employed to stain and screen of human monoclonal antibody(mAb)‐producing cells, but using animal‐derived antibodies may raise the concerns of high cost, complicated operations and biological safety issues in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Nanobodies(VHHs) are attractive forms of antibodies for their straightforward engineering and expression in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Using phage‐displayed immune llama VHH library, we identified new anti‐Fc VHHs that could bind to human Fc with high affinity. In GFP fusion format, the anti‐Fc VHH‐GFP generated dramatically stronger FACS signals than AF488 conjugated anti‐IgG antibodies when used for staining mAb‐producing CHO cells. Furthermore, preparative sorting of CHO cells based on anti‐Fc VHH‐GFP staining resulted in the enrichment of cell lines capable of synthesizing mAb at high productivity. This safe and cost‐efficient anti‐Fc VHH‐GFP may optimize the process of generating highly productive cell lines for therapeutic mAb production compared to conventional animal‐derived fluorescent antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Chengdu Medical College Sichuan Province China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Bao Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Yunxia Xu
- Shanghai Bao Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Jing Lin
- ABLINK Biotech Co. Ltd. Chengdu China
| | - Mei Qiu
- ABLINK Biotech Co. Ltd. Chengdu China
| | - Jianghai Liu
- Chengdu Medical College Sichuan Province China
- ABLINK Biotech Co. Ltd. Chengdu China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Chengdu Medical College Sichuan Province China
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3
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Yang W, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Li W, Wang T. Screening Strategies for High-Yield Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:858478. [PMID: 35782513 PMCID: PMC9247297 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.858478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are by far the most commonly used mammalian expression system for recombinant expression of therapeutic proteins in the pharmaceutical industry. The development of high-yield stable cell lines requires processes of transfection, selection, screening and adaptation, among which the screening process requires tremendous time and determines the level of forming highly productive monoclonal cell lines. Therefore, how to achieve productive cell lines is a major question prior to industrial manufacturing. Cell line development (CLD) is one of the most critical steps in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Generation of high-yield cell clones is mainly based on the time-consuming, laborious process of selection and screening. With the increase in recombinant therapeutic proteins expressed by CHO cells, CLD has become a major bottleneck in obtaining cell lines for manufacturing. The basic principles for CLD include preliminary screening for high-yield cell pool, single-cell isolation and improvement of productivity, clonality and stability. With the development of modern analysis and testing technologies, various screening methods have been used for CLD to enhance the selection efficiency of high-yield clonal cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview on preliminary screening methods for high-yield cell pool based on drug selective pressure. Moreover, we focus on high throughput methods for isolating high-yield cell clones and increasing the productivity and stability, as well as new screening strategies used for the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyun Wang, ; Junhe Zhang,
| | - Yunxi Xiao
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyun Wang, ; Junhe Zhang,
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Zhang Y, Li JH, Yuan QG, Yang WB. Restraint of FAM60A has a cancer-inhibiting role in pancreatic carcinoma via the effects on the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1432-1444. [PMID: 35213078 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 60A (FAM60A) has been reported as a new cancer-related protein that affects the malignant progression of some cancers. However, whether FAM60A plays a part in pancreatic carcinoma is undetermined. This work was designed to examine the impact of FAM60A in pancreatic carcinoma. Abundant expression of FAM60A was observed in the primary tumor tissue of pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, a high FAM60A level was related to a poor overall survival in pancreatic carcinoma patients. Malignant behaviors of pancreatic carcinoma cells, such as proliferation and invasiveness, were markedly affected by FAM60A depletion. In addition, FAM60A depletion enhanced the drug sensitivity of pancreatic carcinoma cells to gemcitabine. Further study revealed that FAM60A depletion impaired the activities of Akt and β-catenin. Inhibiting the activity of Akt abolished FAM60A-mediated β-catenin activation. Re-expression of β-catenin partially diminished the FAM60A-depletion-mediated cancer suppressive effect in pancreatic carcinoma cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that FAM60A depletion prohibited the xenograft formation of pancreatic carcinoma cells, with concurrent reductions of Akt and β-catenin activities. Collectively, our findings indicate that FAM60A exerts a cancer-promoting role in pancreatic carcinoma through affection of the Akt/β-catenin pathway. This work indicates that FAM60A acts as a tumor promoter in pancreatic carcinoma and can be utilized as a potential target for anti-pancreatic carcinoma therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
| | - Jun-Hui Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
| | - Qing-Gong Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China
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Chang M, Kumar A, Kumar S, Huhn S, Timp W, Betenbaugh M, Du Z. Epigenetic Comparison of CHO Hosts and Clones Reveals Divergent Methylation and Transcription Patterns Across Lineages. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1062-1076. [PMID: 35028935 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined DNA methylation and transcription profiles of recombinant clones derived from two different Chinese hamster ovary hosts. We found striking epigenetic differences between the clones, with global hypomethylation in the host 1 clones that produce bispecific antibody with higher productivity and complex assembly efficiency. Whereas the methylation patterns were found mostly inherited from the host, the host 1 clones exhibited continued demethylation reflected by the hypomethylation of newly emerged differential methylation regions (DMRs) even at the clone development stage. Several interconnected biological functions and pathways including cell adhesion, regulation of ion transport, and cholesterol biosynthesis were significantly altered between the clones at the RNA expression level and contained DMR in the promoter and/or gene-body of the transcripts, suggesting epigenetic regulation. Indeed, expression changes of epigenetic regulators were observed including writers (Dnmt1, Setdb1), readers (Mecp2), and erasers (Tet3, Kdm3a, Kdm1b/5c) involved in CpG methylation, histone methylation and heterochromatin maintenance. In addition, we identified putative transcription factors that may be readers or effectors of the epigenetic regulation in these clones. By combining transcriptomics with DNA methylation data, we identified potential processes and factors that may contribute to the variability in cell physiology between different production hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Chang
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Swetha Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Steven Huhn
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Zhimei Du
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Stadermann A, Gamer M, Fieder J, Lindner B, Fehrmann S, Schmidt M, Schulz P, Gorr IH. Structural analysis of random transgene integration in CHO manufacturing cell lines by targeted sequencing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:868-880. [PMID: 34935125 PMCID: PMC10138747 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified CHO cell lines are traditionally used for the production of biopharmaceuticals. However, an in-depth molecular understanding of the mechanism and exact position of transgene integration into the genome of pharmaceutical manufacturing cell lines is still scarce. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) holds great promise for strongly facilitating the understanding of CHO cell factories, as it has matured to a powerful and affordable technology for cellular genotype analysis. Targeted Locus Amplification (TLA) combined with NGS allows for robust detection of genomic positions of transgene integration and structural genomic changes occurring upon stable integration of expression vectors. TLA was applied to generate comparative genomic fingerprints of several CHO production cell lines expressing different monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, high producers resulting from an additional round of transfection of an existing cell line (supertransfection) were analyzed to investigate the integrity and the number of integration sites. Our analyses enabled detailed genetic characterization of the integration regions with respect to the number of integrates and structural changes of the host cell's genome. Single integration sites per clone with concatenated transgene copies could be detected and were in some cases found to be associated with genomic rearrangements, deletions or translocations. Supertransfection resulted in an increase in titer associated with an additional integration site per clone. Based on the TLA fingerprints, CHO cell lines originating from the same mother clone could clearly be distinguished. Interestingly, two CHO cell lines originating from the same mother clone were shown to differ genetically and phenotypically despite of their identical TLA fingerprints. Taken together, TLA provides an accurate genetic characterization with respect to transgene integration sites compared to conventional methods and represents a valuable tool for a comprehensive evaluation of CHO production clones early in cell line development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stadermann
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Cell Line Development, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Gamer
- R&D Project Management NBEs, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fieder
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Cell Line Development, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Cell Line Development, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Steffen Fehrmann
- Genedata AG, Selector BU, Margarethenstrasse 38, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Cell Line Development, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Patrick Schulz
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Cell Line Development, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ingo H Gorr
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
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Tihanyi B, Nyitray L. Recent advances in CHO cell line development for recombinant protein production. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:25-34. [PMID: 34895638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins used in biomedical research, diagnostics and different therapies are mostly produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells in the pharmaceutical industry. These biotherapeutics, monoclonal antibodies in particular, have shown remarkable market growth in the past few decades. The increasing demand for high amounts of biologics requires continuous optimization and improvement of production technologies. Research aims at discovering better means and methods for reaching higher volumetric capacity, while maintaining stable product quality. An increasing number of complex novel protein therapeutics, such as viral antigens, vaccines, bi- and tri-specific monoclonal antibodies, are currently entering industrial production pipelines. These biomolecules are, in many cases, difficult to express and require tailored product-specific solutions to improve their transient or stable production. All these requirements boost the development of more efficient expression optimization systems and high-throughput screening platforms to facilitate the design of product-specific cell line engineering and production strategies. In this minireview, we provide an overview on recent advances in CHO cell line development, targeted genome manipulation techniques, selection systems and screening methods currently used in recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Tihanyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Liu X, Zhang M, Zhu X, Wang Y, Lv K, Yang H. Loss of FAM60A attenuates cell proliferation in glioma via suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101196. [PMID: 34388694 PMCID: PMC8363885 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a common malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a high incidence and mortality. Family with sequence similarity 60 member A (FAM60A) is a new subunit of the Sin3 deacetylase complex. The clinical significance and biologic role of FAM60A in glioma remain unclear. METHODS The expression of FAM60A in normal glial cells, glioma cells, and five-paired gliomas, and adjacent noncancerous tissues was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. FAM60A protein expression in 179 archived, paraffin-embedded glioma samples was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The roles of FAM60A in glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity were explored in vitro and in vivo. The underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated using Western blot assay. Serum exosomal FAM60A levels of glioma patients were detected using electron microscopy, western blot, and real-time PCR. RESULTS FAM60A expression was significantly up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines and positively associated with a worse outcome in glioma. Knockdown of FAM60A could inhibit glioma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Besides, FAM60A expression was detectable in extracted serum exosomes with a higher expression in the glioma cancer group than in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS Loss of FAM60A attenuates cell proliferation in glioma by suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Therefore, FAM60A may act as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, China; Non-coding RNA Research Center of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China.
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9
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Multiplex secretome engineering enhances recombinant protein production and purity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1908. [PMID: 32313013 PMCID: PMC7170862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities generated during biotherapeutic protein production. HCPs can be problematic if they pose a significant metabolic demand, degrade product quality, or contaminate the final product. Here, we present an effort to create a "clean" Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell by disrupting multiple genes to eliminate HCPs. Using a model of CHO cell protein secretion, we predict that the elimination of unnecessary HCPs could have a non-negligible impact on protein production. We analyze the HCP content of 6-protein, 11-protein, and 14-protein knockout clones. These cell lines exhibit a substantial reduction in total HCP content (40%-70%). We also observe higher productivity and improved growth characteristics in specific clones. The reduced HCP content facilitates purification of a monoclonal antibody. Thus, substantial improvements can be made in protein titer and purity through large-scale HCP deletion, providing an avenue to increased quality and affordability of high-value biopharmaceuticals.
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Yao X, Liu D, Zhou L, Xie Y, Li Y. FAM60A, increased by Helicobacter pylori, promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:1003-1009. [PMID: 31727367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can promote the development of gastric cancer (GC); however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. FAM60A has been found showing high levels in some cancer cells, including lung cancer (A549), and pancreatic cancer (Capan-2) cell lines. Data in oncomine showed that FAM60A overexpression was an critical prognostic factor in GC. In this study, we showed that knockdown of FAM60A could revert the increase of proliferation and the decrease of apoptosis caused by H.pylori infection in HGC-27 and AGS cells. Conversely, FAM60A upregulation promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in HGC-27 and AGS cells. We also found that the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 could revert the changes caused by FAM60A upregulation in HGC-27 and AGS cells. Thus, our study provides evidence that FAM60A act as a carcinogen and suggests that H. pylori-induced upregulation of FAM60A may contribute to the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, 117000, Liaoning, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Yamano-Adachi N, Ogata N, Tanaka S, Onitsuka M, Omasa T. Characterization of Chinese hamster ovary cells with disparate chromosome numbers: Reduction of the amount of mRNA relative to total protein. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:121-128. [PMID: 31303495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are labile. We have shown that high-chromosome-number CHO cells have greater potential to become robust producers of recombinant proteins. One explanation being the increase in transgene integration sites. However, high-chromosome-number cell clones produce more IgG3 following culture of single-cell clones, even under conditions that yield the same number of integrations as cells with normal chromosome numbers. Here, we characterized high-chromosome-number cells by transcriptome analysis. RNA standards were used to normalize transcriptomes of cells that had different chromosome numbers. Our results demonstrate that the mRNA ratio of β-actin and many other genes in high-chromosome-number cells to that in normal-chromosome-number cells per cell (normalized to RNA standards) was smaller than the equivalent genomic size and cell volume ratios. Many genes encoding membrane proteins are more highly expressed in high-chromosome-number cells, probably due to differences in cell size caused by the increase in chromosomes. In addition, genes related to histone modification and lipid metabolism are differentially expressed. The reduced transcript level required per protein produced in total and the different intracellular signal transductions might be key factors for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamano-Adachi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Norichika Ogata
- Nihon BioData Corporation, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan.
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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Aeschlimann SH, Graf C, Mayilo D, Lindecker H, Urda L, Kappes N, Burr AL, Simonis M, Splinter E, Min M, Laux H. Enhanced CHO Clone Screening: Application of Targeted Locus Amplification and Next‐Generation Sequencing Technologies for Cell Line Development. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800371. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Aeschlimann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christian Graf
- Novartis Technical R&D, Technical Development BiosimilarsHexal AG, Keltenring 1+3 82041 Oberhaching Germany
| | - Dmytro Mayilo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Hélène Lindecker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Lorena Urda
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Nora Kappes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alicia Leone Burr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Splinter
- Cergentis B.VYalelaan 62 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Max Min
- Cergentis B.VYalelaan 62 3584 CM Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Holger Laux
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitCH‐4002 Basel Switzerland
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Laux H, Romand S, Nuciforo S, Farady CJ, Tapparel J, Buechmann‐Moeller S, Sommer B, Oakeley EJ, Bodendorf U. Degradation of recombinant proteins by Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteases is prevented by matriptase‐1 knockout. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2530-2540. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Laux
- Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Romand
- Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Integrated Biologics Profiling UnitNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel, University of BaselBasel Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Farady
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
| | - Joel Tapparel
- Early Phase DevelopmentNovartis Pharma AGBasel Switzerland
| | - Stine Buechmann‐Moeller
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
| | | | - Edward J. Oakeley
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
| | - Ursula Bodendorf
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammatory DiseaseNovartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel Switzerland
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