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Wang Z, Yan M, Saeed M, Li K, Chen Y, Okoye CO, Fang Z, Ni Z, Chen H. The flexible linker and CotG were more effective for the spore surface display of keratinase KERQ7. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:35. [PMID: 38057620 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Feather, horn, hoof, and other keratin waste are protein-rich but limited by natural keratinase synthesis, activity, pH, and temperature stability. It is challenging to realize its large-scale application in industries. Bacillus subtilis spores are a safe, efficient, and highly resistant immobilized carrier, which can improve target proteins' resistance. In this research, KERQ7, the keratinase gene of Bacillus tequilensis strain Q7, was fused to the Bacillus subtilis genes coding for the coat proteins CotG and CotB, respectively, and displayed on the surface of B. subtilis spores. Compared with the free KERQ7, the immobilized KERQ7 showed a greater pH tolerance and heat resistance on the spore surface. The activity of CotG-KERQ7 is 1.25 times that of CotB-KERQ7, and CotG-KERQ7 is more stable. When the flexible linker peptide L3 was used to connect CotG and KERQ7, the activity was increased to 131.2 ± 3.4%, and the residual enzyme activity was still 62.5 ± 2.2% after being kept at 60 ℃ for 4 h. These findings indicate that the flexible linker and CotG were more effective for the spore surface display of keratinase to improve stress resistance and promote its wide application in feed, tanning, washing, and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingchen Yan
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Keyi Li
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Research progress on the degradation mechanism and modification of keratinase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1003-1017. [PMID: 36633625 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keratin is regarded as the main component of feathers and is difficult to be degraded by conventional proteases, leading to substantial abandonment. Keratinase is the only enzyme with the most formidable potential for degrading feathers. Although there have been in-depth studies in recent years, the large-scale application of keratinase is still associated with many problems. It is relatively challenging to find keratinase not only with high activity but could also meet the industrial application environment, so it is urgent to exploit keratinase with high acid and temperature resistance, strong activity, and low price. Therefore, researchers have been keen to explore the degradation mechanism of keratinases and the modification of existing keratinases for decades. This review critically introduces the basic properties and mechanism of keratinase, and focuses on the current situation of keratinase modification and the direction and strategy of its future application and modification. KEY POINTS: •The research status and mechanism of keratinase were reviewed. •The new direction of keratinase application and modification is discussed. •The existing modification methods and future modification strategies of keratinases are reviewed.
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3
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Gonçalves G, Santos RA, Coutinho F, Pedrosa N, Curado M, Machado M, Costas B, Bonneville L, Serrano M, Carvalho AP, Díaz-Rosales P, Oliva-Teles A, Couto A, Serra CR. Oral vaccination of fish against vibriosis using spore-display technology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012301. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines are highly demanded by the aquaculture sector, to allow mass delivery of antigens without using the expensive and labor-intensive injectable vaccines. These later require individual handling of fish, provoking stress-related mortalities.One possible strategy to create injection-free vaccine delivery vehicles is the use of bacterial spores, extremely resistant structures with wide biotechnological applications, including as probiotics, display systems, or adjuvants. Bacterial spores, in particular those of Bacillus subtilis, have been shown to behave as mucosal vaccine adjuvants in mice models. However, such technology has not been extensively explored against fish bacterial disease.In this study, we used a laboratory strain of B. subtilis, for which a variety of genetic manipulation tools are available, to display at its spores surface either a Vibrio antigenic protein, OmpK, or the green fluorescence protein, GFP. When previously vaccinated by immersion with the OmpK- carrying spores, zebrafish survival upon a bacterial challenge with V. anguillarum and V. parahaemolyticus, increased up to 50 - 90% depending on the pathogen targeted. Further, we were able to detect anti-GFP-antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed diets containing the GFP-carrying spores and anti-V. anguillarum antibodies in the serum of European seabass juveniles fed the OmpK-carrying spores containing diet. More important, seabass survival was increased from 60 to 86% when previously orally vaccinated with in-feed OmpK- carrying spores. Our results indicate that B. subtilis spores can effectively be used as antigen-carriers for oral vaccine delivery in fish.
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Hui Y, Cui Z, Sim S. Stress-Tolerant, Recyclable, and Renewable Biocatalyst Platform Enabled by Engineered Bacterial Spores. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2857-2868. [PMID: 35878063 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a stress-tolerant, recyclable, and renewable biocatalyst platform based on T7 RNA polymerase-enabled high-density protein display on bacterial spores (TIED). TIED uses high-level T7 RNA polymerase-driven expression of recombinant proteins specifically in sporulating cells to allow spontaneous assembly of recombinant fusion proteins on the Bacillus subtilis spore surface. TIED enables high loading density in the range of 106 to 107 recombinant enzymes per spore, robust catalytic activity of displayed enzymes comparable to the respective free enzymes, and enhanced kinetic stability of displayed enzymes in methanol and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, we demonstrate TIED enzymes to be not only recyclable but also fully renewable after the loss of activity through induction of germination and sporulation, enabling perpetual regeneration of these immobilized biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ziyu Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Seunghyun Sim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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Li Z, Li W, Wang Y, Chen Z, Nakanishi H, Xu X, Gao XD. Establishment of a Novel Cell Surface Display Platform Based on Natural "Chitosan Beads" of Yeast Spores. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7479-7489. [PMID: 35678723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface display technology, which expresses and anchors proteins on the surface of microbial cells, has broad application prospects in many fields, such as protein library screening, biocatalysis, and biosensor development. However, traditional cell surface display systems have disadvantages: the molecular weight of phage display proteins cannot be too large; bacterial display lacks the post-translational modification process for eukaryotic proteins; yeast display is prone to excessive protein glycosylation and misfolding of multisubunit proteins; and the compatibility of Bacillus subtilis spore display needs to be further improved. Therefore, it is extremely valuable to develop an efficient surface display platform with strong universality and stress resistance properties. Although yeast surface display systems have been extensively investigated, the establishment of a surface display platform using yeast spores has rarely been reported. In this study, a novel cell surface display platform based on natural "chitosan beads" of yeast spores was developed. The target protein in fusion with the chitosan affinity protein (CAP) exhibited strong binding capability with "chitosan beads" of yeast spores in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this protein display system showed highly preferable enzymatic properties and stability. As an example, the displayed LXYL-P1-2-CAP demonstrated high thermostability and reusability (60% of the initial activity after seven cycles of reuse), high storage stability (75% of original activity after 8 weeks), and excellent tolerance to a concentration up to 75% (v/v) organic reagents. To prove the practicability of this surface display system, the semisynthesis of paclitaxel intermediate was demonstrated and its highest conversion rate was 92% using 0.25 mM substrate. This study provides a novel and useful platform for the surface display of proteins, especially for multimeric macromolecular proteins of eukaryotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yasen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Zaozhuang Jienuo Enzyme Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang 277100, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Caparco AA, Dautel DR, Champion JA. Protein Mediated Enzyme Immobilization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106425. [PMID: 35182030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is an essential technology for commercializing biocatalysis. It imparts stability, recoverability, and other valuable features that improve the effectiveness of biocatalysts. While many avenues to join an enzyme to solid phases exist, protein-mediated immobilization is rapidly developing and has many advantages. Protein-mediated immobilization allows for the binding interaction to be genetically coded, can be used to create artificial multienzyme cascades, and enables modular designs that expand the variety of enzymes immobilized. By designing around binding interactions between protein domains, they can be integrated into functional materials for protein immobilization. These materials are framed within the context of biocatalytic performance, immobilization efficiency, and stability of the materials. In this review, supports composed entirely of protein are discussed first, with systems such as cellulosomes and protein cages being discussed alongside newer technologies like spore-based biocatalysts and forizymes. Protein-composite materials such as polymersomes and protein-inorganic supraparticles are then discussed to demonstrate how protein-mediated strategies are applied to many classes of solid materials. Critical analysis and future directions of protein-based immobilization are then discussed, with a particular focus on both computational and design strategies to advance this area of research and make it more broadly applicable to many classes of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Caparco
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, MC 0448, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dylan R Dautel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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7
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Chauhan K, Zárate‐Romero A, Sengar P, Medrano C, Vazquez‐Duhalt R. Catalytic Kinetics Considerations and Molecular Tools for the Design of Multienzymatic Cascade Nanoreactors. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Chauhan
- Department of Bionanotechnology Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Ensenada Baja California 22860 Mexico
| | - Andrés Zárate‐Romero
- Department of Bionanotechnology Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Ensenada Baja California 22860 Mexico
- Cátedra Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CNyN-UNAM Ensenada Baja California 22860 Mexico
| | - Prakhar Sengar
- Department of Bionanotechnology Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Ensenada Baja California 22860 Mexico
| | - Carlos Medrano
- Department of Bionanotechnology Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Ensenada Baja California 22860 Mexico
| | - Rafael Vazquez‐Duhalt
- Department of Bionanotechnology Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Km 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Ensenada Baja California 22860 Mexico
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8
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Wang H, Jiang X, Qian Y, Yin L. Constructing an Efficient Bacillus subtilis Spore Display by Using Cohesin-Dockerin Interactions. Molecules 2021; 26:1186. [PMID: 33672137 PMCID: PMC7926950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis spore display has become a field of increasing interest in the past two decades. To improve the efficiency of B. subtilis spore display, its directed modification was performed based on the cellulosome architecture by introducing onto them divergent cohesin (Coh) modules that can specifically bind to the target enzyme bearing the matching dockerins (Doc). In this study, five different pairs of cohesins and dockerins, selected from four cellulolytic microbes, were examined for their capabilities in displaying a tetrameric enzyme β-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus IAM11001 on the surface of B. subtilis WB600 spores. Immunofluorescence microscopy, western blotting, dot blotting, and enzyme assay was applied to confirm its surface expression. All the resultant five Coh-Doc based spore display can hydrolyze o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. Further, the optimized Coh-Doc based spore display exhibited the highest display efficiency. Overall, the results of current study may open new perspectives on the use of Coh-Doc interaction, which will find application in improving the efficiency of B. subtilis spore display.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yongchang Qian
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Q.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lianghong Yin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.Q.); (L.Y.)
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9
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Ricca E, Baccigalupi L, Isticato R. Spore-adsorption: Mechanism and applications of a non-recombinant display system. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 47:107693. [PMID: 33387640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface display systems have been developed to express target molecules on almost all types of biological entities from viruses to mammalian cells and on a variety of synthetic particles. Various approaches have been developed to achieve the display of many different target molecules, aiming at several technological and biomedical applications. Screening of libraries, delivery of drugs or antigens, bio-catalysis, sensing of pollutants and bioremediation are commonly considered as fields of potential application for surface display systems. In this review, the non-recombinant approach to display antigens and enzymes on the surface of bacterial spores is discussed. Examples of molecules displayed on the spore surface and their potential applications are summarized and a mechanism of display is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
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10
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Wang F, Song T, Jiang H, Pei C, Huang Q, Xi H. Bacillus subtilis Spore Surface Display of Haloalkane Dehalogenase DhaA. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1161-1167. [PMID: 31278426 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA can degrade sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorethyl sulfide; also known by its military designation HD) in a rapid and environmentally safe manner. However, DhaA is sensitive to temperature and pH, which limits its applications in natural or harsh environments. Spore surface display technology using resistant spores as a carrier to ensure enzymatic activity can reduce production costs and extend the range of applications of DhaA. To this end, we cloned recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores pHY300PLK-cotg-dhaa-6his/DB104(FH01) for the delivery of DhaA from Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 13064. A dot blotting showed that the fusion protein CotG-linker-DhaA accounted for 0.41% ± 0.03% (P < 0.01) of total spore coat proteins. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that DhaA was displayed on the spore surface. The hydrolyzing activity of DhaA displayed on spores towards the HD analog 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide was 1.74 ± 0.06 U/mL (P < 0.01), with a specific activity was 0.34 ± 0.04 U/mg (P < 0.01). This is the first demonstration that DhaA displayed on the surface of B. subtilis spores retains enzymatic activity, which suggests that it can be used effectively in real-world applications including bioremediation of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Song
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Pei
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibin Huang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Xi
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Song T, Wang F, Xiong S, Jiang H. Surface display of organophosphorus-degrading enzymes on the recombinant spore of Bacillus subtilis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:13-19. [PMID: 30660365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus-degrading enzymes show high hydrolysis efficiency and provide an environmentally friendly solution to the pollution of organophosphorus compound. However, poor enzyme stability and tedious purification process have limited practical applications. Spore-based display system can provide many advantages, such as safety, low cost, easy preparation and high resistance to harsh conditions. Recently, we have constituted the recombinant spore displaying organophosphorus hydrolase and organophosphorus acid anhydrolase. In the spore display systems, recombinant spores could be reliably produced and normal sporulation was not affected; the activities of recombinant spores were 15.81 and 10.67 U/mg spores (dry weight) respectively; furthermore, the recombinant spores exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to various harsh conditions compared to free-form enzymes. These results indicated that the spore display could contribute to the practical application of organophosphorus-degrading enzymes and provide a promising solution to bioremediation of organophosphorus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Song
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Fuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 102205, PR China.
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12
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Abstract
Cooperative enzyme catalysis in nature has long inspired the application of engineered multi-enzyme assemblies for industrial biocatalysis. Despite considerable interest, efforts to harness the activity of cell-surface displayed multi-enzyme assemblies have been based on trial and error rather than rational design due to a lack of quantitative tools. In this study, we developed a quantitative approach to whole-cell biocatalyst characterization enabling a comprehensive study of how yeast-surface displayed multi-enzyme assemblies form. Here we show that the multi-enzyme assembly efficiency is limited by molecular crowding on the yeast cell surface, and that maximizing enzyme density is the most important parameter for enhancing cellulose hydrolytic performance. Interestingly, we also observed that proximity effects are only synergistic when the average inter-enzyme distance is > ~130 nm. The findings and the quantitative approach developed in this work should help to advance the field of biocatalyst engineering from trial and error to rational design.
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13
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Modulating the Partitioning of Microparticles in a Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Dextran (DEX) Aqueous Biphasic System by Surface Modification. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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