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Tang M, You J, Yang T, Sun Q, Jiang S, Xu M, Pan X, Rao Z. Application of modern synthetic biology technology in aromatic amino acids and derived compounds biosynthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131050. [PMID: 38942210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic amino acids (AAA) and derived compounds have enormous commercial value with extensive applications in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical fields. Microbial production of AAA and derived compounds is a promising prospect for its environmental friendliness and sustainability. However, low yield and production efficiency remain major challenges for realizing industrial production. With the advancement of synthetic biology, microbial production of AAA and derived compounds has been significantly facilitated. In this review, a comprehensive overview on the current progresses, challenges and corresponding solutions for AAA and derived compounds biosynthesis is provided. The most cutting-edge developments of synthetic biology technology in AAA and derived compounds biosynthesis, including CRISPR-based system, genetically encoded biosensors and synthetic genetic circuits, were highlighted. Finally, future prospects of modern strategies conducive to the biosynthesis of AAA and derived compounds are discussed. This review offers guidance on constructing microbial cell factory for aromatic compound using synthetic biology technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Tianjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Qisheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Shuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China.
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, China.
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Yin L, Zhou Y, Ding N, Fang Y. Recent Advances in Metabolic Engineering for the Biosynthesis of Phosphoenol Pyruvate-Oxaloacetate-Pyruvate-Derived Amino Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:2893. [PMID: 38930958 PMCID: PMC11206799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The phosphoenol pyruvate-oxaloacetate-pyruvate-derived amino acids (POP-AAs) comprise native intermediates in cellular metabolism, within which the phosphoenol pyruvate-oxaloacetate-pyruvate (POP) node is the switch point among the major metabolic pathways existing in most living organisms. POP-AAs have widespread applications in the nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical industries. These amino acids have been predominantly produced in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum through microbial fermentation. With the rapid increase in market requirements, along with the global food shortage situation, the industrial production capacity of these two bacteria has encountered two bottlenecks: low product conversion efficiency and high cost of raw materials. Aiming to push forward the update and upgrade of engineered strains with higher yield and productivity, this paper presents a comprehensive summarization of the fundamental strategy of metabolic engineering techniques around phosphoenol pyruvate-oxaloacetate-pyruvate node for POP-AA production, including L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-threonine, and L-isoleucine. Novel heterologous routes and regulation methods regarding the carbon flux redistribution in the POP node and the formation of amino acids should be taken into consideration to improve POP-AA production to approach maximum theoretical values. Furthermore, an outlook for future strategies of low-cost feedstock and energy utilization for developing amino acid overproducers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Nana Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Beck SW, Ye DY, Hwang HG, Jung GY. Stepwise Flux Optimization for Enhanced GABA Production from Acetate in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10420-10427. [PMID: 38657224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Strategic allocation of metabolic flux is essential for achieving a higher production performance in genetically engineered organisms. Flux optimization between cell growth and chemical production has led to the establishment of cost-effective chemical production methods in microbial cell factories. This effect is amplified when utilizing a low-cost carbon source. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), crucial in pharmaceuticals and biodegradable polymers, can be efficiently produced from acetate, a cost-effective substrate. However, a balanced distribution of acetate-derived flux is essential for optimizing the production without hindering growth. In this study, we demonstrated GABA production from acetate using Escherichia coli by focusing on optimizing the metabolic flux at isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate nodes. Through a series of flux optimizations, the final strain produced 2.54 g/L GABA from 5.91 g/L acetate in 24 h (0.43 g/g yield). These findings suggest that delicate flux balancing with the application of a cheap substrate can contribute to cost-effective production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Beck
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeol Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Hwang
- Institute of Environmental and Energy Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam - Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Ren X, Wei Y, Zhao H, Shao J, Zeng F, Wang Z, Li L. A comprehensive review and comparison of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1261832. [PMID: 38116200 PMCID: PMC10729320 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1261832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan and its derivatives are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries. Microbial fermentation is the most commonly used method to produce L-tryptophan, which calls for an effective cell factory. The mechanism of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, the widely used producer of L-tryptophan, is well understood. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also plays a significant role in the industrial production of biochemicals. Because of its robustness and safety, S. cerevisiae is favored for producing pharmaceuticals and food-grade biochemicals. However, the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan in S. cerevisiae has been rarely summarized. The synthetic pathways and engineering strategies of L-tryptophan in E. coli and S. cerevisiae have been reviewed and compared in this review. Furthermore, the information presented in this review pertains to the existing understanding of how L-tryptophan affects S. cerevisiae's stress fitness, which could aid in developing a novel plan to produce more resilient industrial yeast and E. coli cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Ren
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Honglu Zhao
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Shao
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Cai M, Zhou S, You J, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Xu M, Rao Z. High-efficient production of L-homoserine in Escherichia coli through engineering synthetic pathway combined with regulating cell division. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129828. [PMID: 37806363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
L-Homoserine is an important amino acid as a precursor in synthesizing many valuable products. However, the low productivity caused by slow L-homoserine production during active cell growth in fermentation hinders its potential applications. In this study, strategies of engineering the synthetic pathway combined with regulating cell division were employed in an L-homoserine-producing Escherichia coli strain for efficiently biomanufacturing L-homoserine. First, the flux-control genes in the L-homoserine degradation pathway were omitted to redistribute carbon flux. To drive more carbon flux into L-homoserine production, the phosphoenolpyruvate-pyruvate-oxaloacetate loop was redrawn. Subsequently, the cell division was engineered by using the self-regulated promoters to coordinate cell growth and L-homoserine production. The ultimate strain HOM23 produced 101.31 g/L L-homoserine with a productivity of 1.91 g/L/h, which presented the highest L-homoserine titer and productivity to date from plasmid-free strains. The strategies used in this study could be applied to constructing cell factories for producing other L-aspartate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Mengmeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Siquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Zuyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China.
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Tang M, Pan X, Yang T, You J, Zhu R, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. Multidimensional engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient synthesis of L-tryptophan. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129475. [PMID: 37451510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of microbial cell factory for L-tryptophan (L-trp) production has received widespread attention but still requires extensive efforts due to weak metabolic flux distribution and low yield. Here, the riboswitch-based high-throughput screening (HTS) platform was established to construct a powerful L-trp-producing chassis cell. To facilitate L-trp biosynthesis, gene expression was regulated by promoter and N-terminal coding sequences (NCS) engineering. Modules of degradation, transport and by-product synthesis related to L-trp production were also fine-tuned. Next, a novel transcription factor YihL was excavated to negatively regulate L-trp biosynthesis. Self-regulated promoter-mediated dynamic regulation of branch pathways was performed and cofactor supply was improved for further L-trp biosynthesis. Finally, without extra addition, the yield of strain Trp30 reached 42.5 g/L and 0.178 g/g glucose after 48 h of cultivation in 5-L bioreactor. Overall, strategies described here worked up a promising method combining HTS and multidimensional regulation for developing cell factories for products in interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Tianjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Rongshuai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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Jiang S, Wu H, Yao Z, Li R, Ma Q, Xie X. Phenotype-genotype mapping reveals the betaine-triggered L-arginine overproduction mechanism in Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129540. [PMID: 37488018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The production phenotype improvement of industrial microbes is extremely needed and challenging. Environmental factors optimization provides insightful ideas to trigger the superior production phenotype by activating potential genetic determiners. Here, phenotype-genotype mapping was used to dissect the betaine-triggered L-arginine overproduction mechanism and mine beneficial genes for further improving production phenotype. The comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed a novel role for betaine in modulating global gene transcription. Guided by this finding, 4 novel genes (cynX, cynT, pyrB, and rhaB) for L-arginine biosynthesis were identified via reverse engineering. Moreover, the rhaB deletion was demonstrated as a common metabolic engineering strategy to improve ATP pool in E. coli. By combinatorial genes manipulation, the L-arginine titer and yield increased by 17.9% and 28.9% in a 5-L bioreactor without betaine addition. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of gene transcription regulation by betaine and developed a superior L-arginine overproducer that does not require betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Heyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhuoyue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Liu M, He K, Bi H, Wang M, Chen B, Tan T, Zhang Y. Metabolic Engineering for Effective Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyadipate. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2475-2486. [PMID: 37527188 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipic acid is an important monomer in the synthesis of nylon-6,6. In recent years, the biosynthesis of adipic acid has received more and more attention. The pathway with l-lysine as a precursor has potential for adipic acid synthesis, and 2-hydroxyadipate is a key intermediate metabolite in this pathway. In this Letter, the biosynthesis pathway of 2-hydroxyadipate was constructed in Escherichia coli. Through enhancement of precursor synthesis and cofactors regulation, 7.11 g/L of 2-hydroxyadipate was produced in the 5 L bioreactor, which verified the scale-up potential of 2-hydroxyadipate production. Furthermore, 11.1 g/L of 2-hydroxyadipate was produced in the 5 L bioreactor on the basis of potential optimization strategies via transcriptome analysis. This is the first time for the biosynthesis of 2-hydroxyadipate. The results lay a solid foundation for the biosynthesis of adipic acid and the production of bionylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Keqin He
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Haoran Bi
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 15th Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Lin H, Li P, Ma L, Lai S, Sun S, Hu K, Zhang L. Analysis and modification of central carbon metabolism in Hypsizygus marmoreus for improving mycelial growth performance and fruiting body yield. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233512. [PMID: 37560516 PMCID: PMC10407233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the main industrially cultivated varieties of edible fungi, with a delicious taste and high nutritional value. However, the long harvest period of 130-150 days greatly limits its large-scale expansion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of central carbon metabolism (CCM) on the mycelial growth performance and fruiting body formation of H. marmoreus. Nine edible fungi with different harvest periods were collected and used to evaluate their intracellular carbon metabolic differences in the CCM, which revealed that the imbalanced distribution of intracellular carbon metabolic levels in the CCM of H. marmoreus might be one of the key factors resulting in a slow mycelial growth rate and a long harvest period. Further analysis by three strategies, including metabolomics, adaptation of different carbon sources, and chemical interference, confirmed that low carbon flux into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) limited the supply of raw materials, reduced power, and thus influenced the mycelial growth of H. marmoreus. Furthermore, four transformants with increased expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the PPP of H. marmoreus, were developed and showed more extracellular soluble protein secretion and higher sugar assimilation rates, as well as improved mycelial growth rates in bottle substrate mixtures. Finally, cultivation experiments indicated that the maturation periods of the fruiting body with ~4-5 days in advance and the maximum fruiting body yield of 574.8 g per bag with an increase of 7.4% were achieved by improving the G6PDH expression level of the PPP in H. marmoreus. This study showed that CCM played an important role in the mycelial growth and development of H. marmoreus, which provided new insights for future advancements in cultivating and breeding edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shufang Lai
- Fujian Edible Fungus Technology Promotion General Station, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shujing Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kaihui Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Liu S, Wang BB, Xu JZ, Zhang WG. Engineering of Shikimate Pathway and Terminal Branch for Efficient Production of L-Tryptophan in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11866. [PMID: 37511626 PMCID: PMC10380740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (L-trp), produced through bio-manufacturing, is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Based on the previously developed L-trp-producing strain, this study significantly improved the titer and yield of L-trp, through metabolic engineering of the shikimate pathway and the L-tryptophan branch. First, the rate-limiting steps in the shikimate pathway were investigated and deciphered, revealing that the combined overexpression of the genes aroE and aroD increased L-trp production. Then, L-trp synthesis was further enhanced at the shaking flask level by improving the intracellular availability of L-glutamine (L-gln) and L-serine (L-ser). In addition, the transport system and the competing pathway of L-trp were also modified, indicating that elimination of the gene TnaB contributed to the extracellular accumulation of L-trp. Through optimizing formulas, the robustness and production efficiency of engineered strains were enhanced at the level of the 30 L fermenter. After 42 h of fed-batch fermentation, the resultant strain produced 53.65 g/L of L-trp, with a yield of 0.238 g/g glucose. In this study, the high-efficiency L-trp-producing strains were created in order to establish a basis for further development of more strains for the production of other highly valuable aromatic compounds or their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bing-Bing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Li M, Zhang Y, Li J, Tan T. Biosynthesis of 1,3-Propanediol via a New Pathway from Glucose in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2023. [PMID: 37316976 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO), an important dihydric alcohol, is widely used in textiles, resins, and pharmaceuticals. More importantly, it can be used as a monomer in the synthesis of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). In this study, a new biosynthetic pathway is proposed to produce 1,3-PDO using glucose as a substrate and l-aspartate as a precursor without the addition of expensive vitamin B12. We introduced a 3-HP synthesis module derived from l-aspartate and a 1,3-PDO synthesis module to achieve the de novo biosynthesis. The following strategies were then pursued that included screening key enzymes, optimizing the transcription and translation levels, enhancing the precursor supply of l-aspartate and oxaloacetate, weakening the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and blocking competitive pathways. We also used transcriptomic methods to analyze the different gene expression levels. Finally, an engineered Escherichia coli strain produced 6.41 g/L 1,3-PDO with a yield of 0.51 mol/mol glucose in a shake flask and 11.21 g/L in fed-batch fermentation. This study provides a new pathway for production of 1,3-PDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology. 15th, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology. 15th, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology. 15th, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology. 15th, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wu Z, Liang X, Li M, Ma M, Zheng Q, Li D, An T, Wang G. Advances in the optimization of central carbon metabolism in metabolic engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:76. [PMID: 37085866 PMCID: PMC10122336 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Central carbon metabolism (CCM), including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, is the most fundamental metabolic process in the activities of living organisms that maintains normal cellular growth. CCM has been widely used in microbial metabolic engineering in recent years due to its unique regulatory role in cellular metabolism. Using yeast and Escherichia coli as the representative organisms, we summarized the metabolic engineering strategies on the optimization of CCM in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial chassis, such as the introduction of heterologous CCM metabolic pathways and the optimization of key enzymes or regulatory factors, to lay the groundwork for the future use of CCM optimization in metabolic engineering. Furthermore, the bottlenecks in the application of CCM optimization in metabolic engineering and future application prospects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenke Wu
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiqin Liang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Tianyue An
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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13
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Sun W, Ding D, Bai D, Lin Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Zhang D. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of L-phenylalanine overproduction in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:65. [PMID: 37024921 PMCID: PMC10080781 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly efficient production of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) in E. coli has been achieved by multiple rounds of random mutagenesis and modification of key genes of the shikimate (SHIK) and L-Phe branch pathways. In this study, we performed transcriptomic (16, 24 and 48 h) and metabolomic analyses (8, 16, 24, 32,40, and 48 h) based on time sequences in an engineered E. coli strain producing L-Phe, aiming to reveal the overall changes of metabolic activities during the fermentation process. RESULTS The largest biomass increase rate and the highest production rate were seen at 16 h and 24 h of fermentation, respectively reaching 5.9 h-1 and 2.76 g/L/h, while the maximal L-Phe titer of 60 g/L was accumulated after 48 h of fermentation. The DEGs and metabolites involved in the EMP, PP, TCA, SHIIK and L-Phe-branch pathways showed significant differences at different stages of fermentation. Specifically, the significant upregulation of genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes (aroD and yidB) and key genes (aroF, pheA and aspC) pushed more carbon flux toward the L-Phe synthesis. The RIA changes of a number of important metabolites (DAHP, DHS, DHQ, Glu and PPN) enabled the adequate supply of precursors for high-yield L-Phe production. In addition, other genes related to Glc transport and phosphate metabolism increased the absorption of Glc and contributed to rerouting the carbon flux into the L-Phe-branch. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of an L-Phe overproducing strain of E. coli confirmed that precursor supply was not a major limiting factor in this strain, whereas the rational distribution of metabolic fluxes was achieved by redistributing the carbon flux (for example, the expression intensity of the genes tyrB, aspC, aroL and aroF/G/H or the activity of these enzymes is increased to some extent), which is the optimal strategy for enhancing L-Phe production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dongqin Ding
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danyang Bai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Zhang P, Gao J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Lee SY, Mao X. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of an antifouling agent zosteric acid. Metab Eng 2023; 76:247-259. [PMID: 36822462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Zosteric acid (ZA) is a Zostera species-derived, sulfated phenolic acid compound with antifouling activity and has gained much attention due to its nontoxic and biodegradable characteristics. However, the yield of Zostera species available for ZA extraction is limited by natural factors, such as season, latitude, light, and temperature. Here we report the development of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains capable of producing ZA from glucose and glycerol. First, intracellular availability of the sulfur donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) was enhanced by knocking out the cysH gene responsible for PAPS consumption and overexpressing the genes required for PAPS biosynthesis. Co-overexpression of the genes encoding tyrosine ammonia-lyase, sulfotransferase 1A1, ATP sulfurylase, and adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase constructed ZA producing strain with enhanced PAPS supply. Second, the feedback-resistant forms of aroG and tyrA genes (encoding 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase and chorismate mutase, respectively) were overexpressed to relieve the feedback regulation of L-tyrosine biosynthesis. Third, the pykA gene involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-consuming reaction, the regulator gene tyrR, the competing pathway gene pheA, and the ptsHIcrr genes essential for the PEP:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system were deleted. Moreover, all genes involved in the shikimate pathway and the talA, tktA, and tktB genes in the pentose phosphate pathway were examined for ZA production. The PTS-independent glucose uptake system, the expression vector system, and the carbon source were also optimized. As a result, the best-performing strain successfully produced 1.52 g L-1 ZA and 1.30 g L-1p-hydroxycinnamic acid from glucose and glycerol in a 700 mL fed-batch bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Wang G, Wang M, Yang J, Li Q, Zhu N, Liu L, Hu X, Yang X. De novo Synthesis of 2-phenylethanol from Glucose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6825456. [PMID: 36370454 PMCID: PMC9923381 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2- PE) is an aromatic alcohol with wide applications, but there is still no efficient microbial cell factory for 2-PE based on Escherichia coli. In this study, we constructed a metabolically engineered E. coli capable of de novo synthesis of 2-PE from glucose. Firstly, the heterologous styrene-derived and Ehrlich pathways were individually constructed in an L-Phe producer. The results showed that the Ehrlich pathway was better suited to the host than the styrene-derived pathway, resulting in a higher 2-PE titer of ∼0.76 ± 0.02 g/L after 72 h of shake flask fermentation. Furthermore, the phenylacetic acid synthase encoded by feaB was deleted to decrease the consumption of 2-phenylacetaldehyde, and the 2-PE titer increased to 1.75 ± 0.08 g/L. As phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an important precursor for L-Phe synthesis, both the crr and pykF genes were knocked out, leading to ∼35% increase of the 2-PE titer, which reached 2.36 ± 0.06 g/L. Finally, a plasmid-free engineered strain was constructed based on the Ehrlich pathway by integrating multiple ARO10 cassettes (encoding phenylpyruvate decarboxylases) and overexpressing the yjgB gene. The engineered strain produced 2.28 ± 0.20 g/L of 2-PE with a yield of 0.076 g/g glucose and productivity of 0.048 g/L/h. To our best knowledge, this is the highest titer and productivity ever reported for the de novo synthesis of 2-PE in E. coli. In a 5-L fermenter, the 2-PE titer reached 2.15 g/L after 32 h of fermentation, suggesting that the strain has the potential to efficiently produce higher 2-PE titers following further fermentation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinchu Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxi Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmei Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Xuepeng Yang, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road 5, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China. Tel.: +86-152-3712-7687; Fax: +86-0371-8660-8262; E-mail:
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16
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Chen M, Liang H, Han C, Zhou P, Xing Z, Chen Q, Liu Y, Xie GA, Xie R. Engineering of global transcription factor FruR to redirect the carbon flow in Escherichia coli for enhancing L-phenylalanine biosynthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:222. [PMID: 36289548 PMCID: PMC9609185 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The catabolite repressor/activator protein (FruR) is a global regulatory protein known to control the expression of several genes concerned with carbon utilization and energy metabolism. This study aimed to illustrate effects of the FruR mutant on the L-phenylalanine (L-PHE) producing strain PHE01. RESULTS Random mutagenesis libraries of fruR generated in vitro were first integrated into the chromosome of PHE01 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique, and then the best mutant PHE07 (FruRE173K) was obtained. With this mutant, a final L-PHE concentration of 70.50 ± 1.02 g/L was achieved, which was 23.34% higher than that of PHE01. To better understand the mechanism, both transcriptomes and metabolomes of PHE07 were carried out and compared to that of PHE01. Specifically, the transcript levels of genes involved in gluconeogenesis pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs cycle, and glyoxylate shunt were up-regulated in the FruRE173K mutant, whereas genes aceEF, acnB, and icd were down-regulated. From the metabolite level, the FruRE173K mutation led to an accumulation of pentose phosphate pathway and Krebs cycle products, whereas the products of pyruvate metabolism pathway: acetyl-CoA and cis-aconic acid, were down-regulated. As a result of the altered metabolic flows, the utilization of carbon sources was improved and the supply of precursors (phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate) for L-PHE biosynthesis was increased, which together led to the enhanced production of L-PHE. CONCLUSION A novel strategy for L-PHE overproduction by modification of the global transcription factor FruR in E. coli was reported. Especially, these findings expand the scope of pathways affected by the fruR regulon and illustrate its importance as a global regulator in L-PHE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Chen
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China ,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Fermentation and Semi-Synthetic Drugs, Livzon New North River Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1st Renmin Road, Qingyuan, 511500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengyu Liang
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiaozuo Joincare Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China ,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Fermentation and Semi-Synthetic Drugs, Livzon New North River Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1st Renmin Road, Qingyuan, 511500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China ,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Fermentation and Semi-Synthetic Drugs, Livzon New North River Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1st Renmin Road, Qingyuan, 511500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China ,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Fermentation and Semi-Synthetic Drugs, Livzon New North River Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1st Renmin Road, Qingyuan, 511500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Xing
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China ,Jiaozuo Joincare Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development and Application of Fermentation and Semi-Synthetic Drugs, Livzon New North River Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1st Renmin Road, Qingyuan, 511500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Liu
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gou-an Xie
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rufei Xie
- Henan Joincare Biopharma Research Institute Co. Ltd, Jinyuan Street 8, Jiaozuo, 454000 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Jiao P, Zhang X, Wei Y, Wang P. Simulation of Adsorption Process of l-Tryptophan on Mixed-Mode Resin HD-1 with Combined Physical Adsorption and Ion Exchange. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35331-35338. [PMID: 36211030 PMCID: PMC9535704 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mass-transfer process of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) in the hydrophobic interaction/ion-exchange mixed-mode resin HD-1 particles and fixed bed was studied experimentally and theoretically. The adsorption kinetics of l-Trp in single-component and multicomponent adsorption systems was investigated under different pH conditions. The co-adsorption of sodium ions (Na+) and l-Trp anions was found to be negligible. A modified liquid-film linear driving force model considering the physical adsorption of l-Trp zwitterions and anions as well as ion exchange of l-Trp cations was proposed. The dissociation equilibria of l-Trp molecules and functional groups on the resin were introduced in the model. The model could well fit the kinetic adsorption curves of l-Trp at different pH values. The presence of Na+ and the impurity amino acid l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) did not significantly affect the mass-transfer rate of l-Trp. The dynamic adsorption processes of l-Trp under different pH and concentration conditions were studied. A modified transport-dispersive model considering axial diffusion, liquid-film mass transfer, and a combined physical adsorption and ion-exchange equilibrium was established, which could predict the adsorption breakthrough curves of l-Trp well. During the dynamic adsorption process, the pH of mobile phase in the fixed bed changed with changing the l-Trp concentration in the mobile phase. l-Trp was well separated from Na+ and l-Glu with the purity of l-Trp higher than 99%, the recovery rate higher than 95%, and a concentration of 4.69 × 10-3 mol/L. The elution chromatographic peaks of l-Trp, l-Glu, and Na+ and the pH of the outlet solution were predicted satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jiao
- . Phone +86-0377-63513605. Fax: +86-0377-63512517
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18
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Schoppel K, Trachtmann N, Korzin EJ, Tzanavari A, Sprenger GA, Weuster-Botz D. Metabolic control analysis enables rational improvement of E. coli L-tryptophan producers but methylglyoxal formation limits glycerol-based production. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 36195869 PMCID: PMC9531422 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although efficient l-tryptophan production using engineered Escherichia coli is established from glucose, the use of alternative carbon sources is still very limited. Through the application of glycerol as an alternate, a more sustainable substrate (by-product of biodiesel preparation), the well-studied intracellular glycolytic pathways are rerouted, resulting in the activity of different intracellular control sites and regulations, which are not fully understood in detail. Metabolic analysis was applied to well-known engineered E. coli cells with 10 genetic modifications. Cells were withdrawn from a fed-batch production process with glycerol as a carbon source, followed by metabolic control analysis (MCA). This resulted in the identification of several additional enzymes controlling the carbon flux to l-tryptophan. Results These controlling enzyme activities were addressed stepwise by the targeted overexpression of 4 additional enzymes (trpC, trpB, serB, aroB). Their efficacy regarding l-tryptophan productivity was evaluated under consistent fed-batch cultivation conditions. Although process comparability was impeded by process variances related to a temporal, unpredictable break-off in l-tryptophan production, process improvements of up to 28% with respect to the l-tryptophan produced were observed using the new producer strains. The intracellular effects of these targeted genetic modifications were revealed by metabolic analysis in combination with MCA and expression analysis. Furthermore, it was discovered that the E. coli cells produced the highly toxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO) during the fed-batch process. A closer look at the MGO production and detoxification on the metabolome, fluxome, and transcriptome level of the engineered E. coli indicated that the highly toxic metabolite plays a critical role in the production of aromatic amino acids with glycerol as a carbon source. Conclusions A detailed process analysis of a new l-tryptophan producer strain revealed that several of the 4 targeted genetic modifications of the E. colil-tryptophan producer strain proved to be effective, and, for others, new engineering approaches could be derived from the results. As a starting point for further strain and process optimization, the up-regulation of MGO detoxifying enzymes and a lowering of the feeding rate during the last third of the cultivation seems reasonable. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01930-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schoppel
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia Trachtmann
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Emil J Korzin
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Angelina Tzanavari
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Georg A Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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19
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Cai B, He K, Wang M, Chen B, Tan T. De novo biosynthesis of α‐aminoadipate via multi‐strategy metabolic engineering in
Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1301. [PMID: 36314756 PMCID: PMC9437556 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non‐protein amino acid, α‐aminoadipate is used in the fields of medicine, chemical engineering, food science, and others. For example, α‐aminoadipate is an important precursor for the production of β‐lactam antibiotics. Currently, the synthesis of α‐aminoadipate depends on chemical catalysis that has the disadvantages of high cost, low yield, and serious pollution. In this study, we construct a biosynthesis pathway of α‐aminoadipate in Escherichia coli using lysine as a precursor. In addition, we regulate the cell metabolism to improve the titer of α‐aminoadipate via multi‐strategy metabolic engineering. First, a novel synthetic pathway was constructed to realize de novo synthesis of α‐aminoadipate with titers of 82 mg/L. Second, the key enzymes involved in enhancing precursor synthesis were overexpressed and the CO2 fixation process was introduced, and these led to 80% and 34% increases in the α‐aminoadipate concentration, reaching 147 and 110 mg/L, respectively. Third, cofactor regulation was used to maintain the coupling balance of material and energy, with the intracellular α‐aminoadipate concentration reaching 140 mg/L. Fourth, the weakening of the synthesis of acetic acid was used to strengthen the synthesis of α‐aminoadipate, and this resulted in the enhancement of the α‐aminoadipate concentration by 2.2 times, reaching 263 mg/L. Finally, combination optimization was used to promote the production of α‐aminoadipate. The titers of α‐aminoadipate reached 368 mg/L (strain EcN11#) and 415 mg/L (strain EcN11##), which was 3.5 and 4 times higher than that of the parent strain. With these efforts, 1.54 g/L of α‐aminoadipate was produced under fed‐batch conditions by strain EcN11#. This study is the first to present the effective biosynthesis of α‐aminoadipate in E. coli using multi‐strategy metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqi Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Keqin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
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20
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Jiao P, Zhang X, Wei Y, Meng Y. Adsorption Equilibria, Kinetics, and Column Dynamics of L-Tryptophan on Mixed-Mode Resin HD-1. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9614-9621. [PMID: 35350352 PMCID: PMC8945088 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption amount and selectivity of L-tryptophan (l-Trp) on the hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange mixed-mode chromatography medium HD-1 were studied as well as the salt resistance of the resin via adsorption equilibrium experiments. The adsorption mechanisms of l-Trp were illuminated by combining adsorption equilibria and a kinetics analysis. The separation effect was studied by dynamic separation experiments in a fixed-bed. The results indicate that an increase of the concentration proportion of l-Trp zwitterion benefits the adsorption of l-Trp. The resin shows a high adsorption selectivity for l-Trp at different pH values. The adsorption amount of l-Trp is not affected significantly by NaCl. Various groups play a role in the adsorption of l-Trp. An adsorption energy lower than 8 kJ/mol indicates that the adsorption of l-Trp is mainly based on non-electrostatic interactions, with an electrostatic interaction as a supplement. The adsorption equilibrium model considering the dissociation equilibrium of the resin and l-Trp proposed in this work can simulate the adsorption equilibrium data of l-Trp at different pH values as well. The mass transfer rate of l-Trp is controlled by intraparticle and liquid film diffusion simultaneously. The fixed-bed packed with resin HD-1 can separate l-Trp with the purity of l-Trp higher than 99%, recovery rate higher than 95%, and concentration of 4.69 × 10-3 mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jiao
- E-mail: . Phone +86-0377-63513605. Fax: +86-0377-63512517
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21
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Xie X, Ding D, Bai D, Zhu Y, Sun W, Sun Y, Zhang D. Melatonin biosynthesis pathways in nature and its production in engineered microorganisms. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:544-553. [PMID: 35087957 PMCID: PMC8761603 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a biogenic amine that can be found in plants, animals and microorganism. The metabolic pathway of melatonin is different in various organisms, and biosynthetic endogenous melatonin acts as a molecular signal and antioxidant protection against external stress. Microbial synthesis pathways of melatonin are similar to those of animals but different from those of plants. At present, the method of using microorganism fermentation to produce melatonin is gradually prevailing, and exploring the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin to modify microorganism is becoming the mainstream, which has more advantages than traditional chemical synthesis. Here, we review recent advances in the synthesis, optimization of melatonin pathway. l-tryptophan is one of the two crucial precursors for the synthesis of melatonin, which can be produced through a four-step reaction. Enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis have low specificity and catalytic efficiency. Site-directed mutation, directed evolution or promotion of cofactor synthesis can enhance enzyme activity and increase the metabolic flow to promote microbial melatonin production. On the whole, the status and bottleneck of melatonin biosynthesis can be improved to a higher level, providing an effective reference for future microbial modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xie
- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116000, PR China
| | - Dongqin Ding
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Danyang Bai
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhu
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin University of science and technology, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
| | - Yumei Sun
- Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116000, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China
- Corresponding author. Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, PR China.
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22
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Advances in microbial production of feed amino acid. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 119:1-33. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Guo L, Ding S, Liu Y, Gao C, Hu G, Song W, Liu J, Chen X, Liu L. Enhancing tryptophan production by balancing precursors in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:983-993. [PMID: 34936092 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan, an essential aromatic amino acid, is widely used in animal feed, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Although sustainable and environmentally friendly, microbial tryptophan production from renewable feedstocks is limited by low biosynthesis and transport rates. Here, an Escherichia coli strain capable of efficient tryptophan production was generated by improving and balancing the supply of precursors and by engineering membrane transporters. Tryptophan biosynthesis was increased by eliminating negative regulatory factors, blocking competing pathways, and preventing tryptophan degradation. Promoter engineering balanced the supply of the precursors erythrose-4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate, as well as the availability of serine. Finally, the engineering of tryptophan transporters prevented feedback inhibition and growth toxicity. Fed-batch fermentation of the final strain (TRP12) in a 5 L bioreactor produced 52.1 g·L-1 of tryptophan, with a yield of 0.171 g·g-1 glucose and productivity of 1.45 g·L-1 ·h-1 . The metabolic engineering strategy described here paves the way for high-performance microbial cell factories aimed at the production of tryptophan as well as other valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Minliang C, Chengwei M, Lin C, Zeng AP. Integrated laboratory evolution and rational engineering of GalP/Glk-dependent Escherichia coli for higher yield and productivity of L-tryptophan biosynthesis. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 12:e00167. [PMID: 33665119 PMCID: PMC7907822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Tryptophan (Trp) is a high-value aromatic amino acid with diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Although production of Trp by engineered Escherichia coli has been extensively studied, the need of multiple precursors for its synthesis and the complex regulations of the biosynthetic pathways make the achievement of a high product yield still very challenging. Metabolic flux analysis suggests that the use of a phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) independent glucose uptake system, i.e. the galactose permease/glucokinase (GalP/Glk) system, can theoretically double the Trp yield from glucose. To explore this possibility, a PTS- and GalP/Glk-dependent E. coli strain was constructed from a previously rationally developed Trp producer strain S028. However, the growth rate of the S028 mutant was severely impaired. To overcome this problem, promoter screening for modulated gene expression of GalP/Glk was carried out, following by a batch mode of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) which resulted in a strain K3 with a similar Trp yield and concentration as S028. In order to obtain a more efficient Trp producer, a novel continuous ALE system was developed by combining CRISPR/Cas9-facilitated in vivo mutagenesis with real-time measurement of cell growth and online monitoring of Trp-mediated fluorescence intensity. With the aid of this automatic system (auto-CGSS), a promising strain T5 was obtained and fed-batch fermentations showed an increase of Trp yield by 19.71% with this strain compared with that obtained by the strain K3 (0.164 vs. 0.137 g/g). At the same time, the specific production rate was increased by 52.93% (25.28 vs. 16.53 mg/g DCW/h). Two previously engineered enzyme variants AroGD6G-D7A and AnTrpCR378F were integrated into the strain T5, resulting in a highly productive strain T5AA with a Trp yield of 0.195 g/g and a specific production rate of 28.83 mg/g DCW/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Minliang
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ma Chengwei
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
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