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Ou H, Zhang P, Wang X, Lin M, Li Y, Wang G. Gaining insights into the responses of individual yeast cells to ethanol fermentation using Raman tweezers and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124584. [PMID: 38838600 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most common microbe used for the industrial production of bioethanol, and it encounters various stresses that inhibit cell growth and metabolism during fermentation. However, little is currently known about the physiological changes that occur in individual yeast cells during ethanol fermentation. Therefore, in this work, Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques were employed to monitor the metabolic changes of individual yeast cells at distinct stages during high gravity ethanol fermentation. Raman tweezers was used to acquire the Raman spectra of individual yeast cells. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) and principal component analysis were employed to analyze the Raman spectra dataset. MCR-ALS extracted the spectra of proteins, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols and their relative contents in individual cells. Changes in intracellular biomolecules showed that yeast cells undergo three distinct physiological stages during fermentation. In addition, heterogeneity among yeast cells significantly increased in the late fermentation period, and different yeast cells may respond to ethanol stress via different mechanisms. Our findings suggest that the combination of Raman tweezers and chemometrics approaches allows for characterizing the dynamics of molecular components within individual cells. This approach can serve as a valuable tool in investigating the resistance mechanism and metabolic heterogeneity of yeast cells during ethanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Ou
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China; College of Physics Science and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Manman Lin
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yuanpeng Li
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Guiwen Wang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China.
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Etit D, Ögmundarson Ó, Zhang J, Krogh Jensen M, Sukumara S. Early-stage economic and environmental impact assessment for optimized bioprocess development: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:130005. [PMID: 37952588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial refactoring offers sustainable production of plant-sourced pharmaceuticals associated with high production costs, ecological harms, and supply chain dependencies. Here, microbial tabersonine production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is modeled during early-stage development (TRL: 3-5), guiding decisions for process-scale economic and environmental optimization. The base-case 0.7 mg/L titer indicated a minimum selling price (MSP) of $3,910,000/kg and global warming potential (GWP) of 2,540 kgCO2eq/g. The industrial process at 1 g/L resulted in an MSP of 4,262 $/kg and a GWP of 6.36 kgCO2eq/g. Location analysis indicated a sustainability trade-off between France, USA, Poland, and China, with the written order of declining MSP and increasing GWP. Continuous processing promised reducing the MSP by 18-27 %, and the GWP by 17-31 %. In-situ product extraction during fermentation was estimated to lower the MSP by 41-61 %, and the GWP by 30-75 %. In addition to showcasing a combined TEA-LCA on biopharmaceuticals, the early-stage assessment approach guides bioprocess optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Etit
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ólafur Ögmundarson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Aragata 14, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jie Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sumesh Sukumara
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Tan LR, Liu JJ, Deewan A, Lee JW, Xia PF, Rao CV, Jin YS, Wang SG. Genome-wide transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to carbon dioxide. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6595876. [PMID: 35640892 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar metabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ample amounts of CO2 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. High solubility of CO2 in fermentation media, contributing to enjoyable sensory properties of sparkling wine and beers by S. cerevisiae, might affect yeast metabolism. To elucidate the overlooked effects of CO2 on yeast metabolism, we examined glucose fermentation by S. cerevisiae under CO2 as compared to N2 and O2 limited conditions. While both CO2 and N2 conditions are considered anaerobic, less glycerol and acetate but more ethanol were produced under CO2 condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that significantly decreased mRNA levels of GPP1 coding for glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase in glycerol synthesis explained the reduced glycerol production under CO2 condition. Besides, transcriptional regulations in signal transduction, carbohydrate synthesis, heme synthesis, membrane and cell wall metabolism, and respiration were detected in response to CO2. Interestingly, signal transduction was uniquely regulated under CO2 condition, where up-regulated genes (STE3, MSB2, WSC3, STE12 and TEC1) in the signal sensors and transcriptional factors suggested that MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in CO2 sensing and CO2-induced metabolisms in yeast. Our study identifies CO2 as an external stimulus for modulating metabolic activities in yeast and a transcriptional effector for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Rui Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Anshu Deewan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China.,Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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Yang L, Kong W, Yang W, Li D, Zhao S, Wu Y, Zheng S. High D-arabitol production with osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation by Yarrowia lipolytica and proteomic analysis under nitrogen source perturbation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 152:109936. [PMID: 34715526 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
D-arabitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, is widely used in food and pharmacy industry as a lower calorie sweetener or intermediate. Appropriate osmotic pressure was confirmed to facilitate polyol production by an osmophilic yeast strain of Yarrowia lipolytica with glycerol. In this study, an osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation strategy was used for high D-arabitol producing by Y. lipolytica ARA9 with crude glycerol. Glycerol was added to the broth quantitatively not only as a substrate but also as an osmotic agent. Meanwhile, NH3·H2O was fed as a nitrogen source and pH regulator. The maximum D-arabitol production reached 118.5 g/L at 108 h with the yield of 0.49 g/g and productivity of 1.10 g/L/h, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic analysis was used to study the cellular responses under excess and deficient nitrogen sources. Thirty-one differentially expressed protein spots belonging to seven different biological processes were identified. Excess nitrogen source enhanced gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways, both of which were involved in arabitol synthesis. In addition, cell growth was facilitated by increased expression of nucleotide and structural proteins. Enhanced energy and NADPH biosynthesis were employed to create a reductive environment and quell reactive oxygen species, improving D-arabitol production. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in cell rescue and stress response mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species elimination and heat shock protein response. The identified differentially expressed proteins provide information to reveal the mechanisms of the cellular responses under nitrogen source perturbation, and also provide guidance to improve D-arabitol production in metabolic engineering or process optimization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiBo Yang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Wei Kong
- The First Department of General Surgery, Handan Central Hospital, 59 Congtai North Road, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Handan Blood Center, 18 Dongliu West Road, Handan, Hebei 056001, China
| | - Danpeng Li
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Yucui Wu
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China.
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