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Janjić K, Valentova A, Arellano S, Unterhuber A, Krause A, Oberoi G, Unger E, Tabrizi HAS, Schedle A. The impact of print orientation and graphene nanoplatelets on biaxial flexural strength and cytotoxicity of a 3D printable resin for occlusal splints. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00232-X. [PMID: 39117501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 3D printing found its way into various medical applications and could be particularly beneficial for dentistry. Currently, materials for 3D printing of occlusal splints lack mechanical strength compared to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) used for standard milling of occlusal splints. It is known that print orientation and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) can increase biaxial strength in a variety of materials. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess if adjustment of print orientation and addition of GNP improve biaxial strength and if they affect cytotoxicity of a 3D printable resin for occlusal splints. METHODS Specimens were printed vertically and horizontally with a stereolithography (SLA) printer and multilayered GNP powder was added to the resin at different concentrations. Printed specimens were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, optical profilometer analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Biaxial strength was evaluated by biaxial flexural testing. Cytotoxicity of specimens on L929 and gingival stromal cells (GSC) was assessed by the toxdent test, the resazurin-based toxicity assay and live-dead staining. RESULTS Horizontally printed specimens showed significantly higher biaxial strength and lower deformation. GNP did not improve biaxial strength and material deformation of 3D-printed resins. None of the specimens were cytotoxic to L929 cells or GSC. SIGNIFICANCE Print orientation in SLA printing has a significant impact on biaxial strength and material deformation. 3D printable materials can reach comparable or even improved biaxial strength compared to PMMA when using the optimal print orientation while GNP has no beneficial effects on the biaxial strength of resins for 3D printing of occlusal splints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Center for Clinical Research, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Valentova
- Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Center for Clinical Research, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Competence Center Dental Materials, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonia Arellano
- Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Competence Center Dental Materials, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Krause
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunpreet Oberoi
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology in Vienna (ACMIT Gmbh), Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Ewald Unger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Ali Shokoohi Tabrizi
- Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Core Facility Applied Physics, Laser and CAD/CAM Technology, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schedle
- Medical University of Vienna, University Clinic of Dentistry, Competence Center Dental Materials, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Eker F, Duman H, Akdaşçi E, Bolat E, Sarıtaş S, Karav S, Witkowska AM. A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity. Molecules 2024; 29:3482. [PMID: 39124888 PMCID: PMC11314082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for surface modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Various factors influence the properties and applications of NPs, including the synthesis method and physical attributes such as size and shape. Additionally, the materials used in the synthesis of NPs are primary determinants of their application. Based on the chosen material, NPs are generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. These categories include a variety of materials, such as proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids and derivatives, magnetic minerals, and so on. Each material possesses unique attributes that influence the activity and application of the NPs. Consequently, certain NPs are typically used in particular areas because they possess higher efficiency along with tenable toxicity. Therefore, the classification and the base material in the NP synthesis hold significant importance in both NP research and application. In this paper, we discuss these classifications, exemplify most of the major materials, and categorize them according to their preferred area of application. This review provides an overall review of the materials, including their application, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Ecem Bolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sümeyye Sarıtaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Qiu Z, Lin X, Zou L, Fu W, Lv H. Effect of graphene oxide/ poly-L-lactic acid composite scaffold on the biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:413. [PMID: 38575940 PMCID: PMC10993485 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering has attracted recent attention as a promising bone repair and reconstruction approach. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are pluripotent and can differentiate into bone cells with the correct environment and substrate. Therefore, suitable scaffold materials are essential for fabricating functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue and tissue regeneration. Composite scaffolds consisting of biodegradable polymers are very promising constructs. This study aims to verify the biological function of human DPSCs seeded onto composite scaffolds based on graphene oxide (GO) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). METHODS The surface morphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical composition was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of GO/PLLA scaffolds was assessed using phalloidin staining of cytoskeletal actin filaments, live/dead staining, and a CCK-8 assay. The effect of GO/PLLA scaffolds on cell osteogenic differentiation was detected through ALP staining, ALP activity assays, and alizarin red S staining, complemented by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Our data showed that GO and PLLA are successfully integrated and the GO/PLLA scaffolds exhibit favorable bioactivity and biocompatibility towards DPSCs. Additionally, it was observed that the 0.15% GO/PLLA scaffold group promoted DPSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by forming more calcium nodules, showing a higher intensity of ALP staining and ALP activity, and enhancing the expression levels of differentiation marker genes RUNX2 and COL1. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the GO/PLLA scaffold is a feasible composite material suitable for cell culture and holds promising applications for oral bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailing Qiu
- Oral Center, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luning Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihao Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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4
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Wang X, Li F, Wu S, Xing W, Fu J, Wang R, He Y. Research progress on optimization of in vitro isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1305614. [PMID: 38633667 PMCID: PMC11021638 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1305614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs. Due to the different preparation methods and reagent formulations of DPSCs, cell characteristics may be affected and lead to inconsistent experimental results. Preparation of clinical-grade DPSCs is far from ready. To achieve clinical application, it is essential to transit the manufacturing of stem cells from laboratory grade to clinical grade. This review compares and analyzes experimental data on optimizing the preparation methods of DPSCs from extraction to resuscitation, including research articles, invention patents and clinical trials. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and potential clinical applications are discussed, and factors that could improve the quality of DPSCs for clinical application are proposed. The aim is to summarize the current manufacture of DPSCs in the establishment of a standardized, reliable, safe, and economic method for future preparation of clinical-grade cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenyao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Santilli F, Fabrizi J, Santacroce C, Caissutti D, Spinello Z, Candelise N, Lancia L, Pulcini F, Delle Monache S, Mattei V. Analogies and Differences Between Dental Stem Cells: Focus on Secretome in Combination with Scaffolds in Neurological Disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:159-174. [PMID: 37962698 PMCID: PMC10799818 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their beneficial effects, differentiation capacity and regenerative potential. Dental-derived MSCs (DSCs) are more easily accessible and have a non-invasive isolation method rather than MSCs isolated from other sources (umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue). In addition, DSCs appear to have a relevant neuro-regenerative potential due to their neural crest origin. However, it is now known that the beneficial effects of MSCs depend, at least in part, on their secretome, referring to all the bioactive molecules (neurotrophic factors) released in the conditioned medium (CM) or in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) in particular exosomes (Exos). In this review, we described the similarities and differences between various DSCs. Our focus was on the secretome of DSCs and their applications in cell therapy for neurological disorders. For neuro-regenerative purposes, the secretome of different DSCs has been tested. Among these, the secretome of dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have been the most widely studied. Both CM and Exos obtained from DSCs have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective effects as well as their combination with scaffold materials (to improve their functional integration in the tissue). For these reasons, the secretome obtained from DSCs in combination with scaffold materials may represent a promising tissue engineering approach for neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Via A.M. Ricci 35/A, 02100, Rieti, Italy
| | - Jessica Fabrizi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Costantino Santacroce
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, "Sabina Universitas", Via A.M. Ricci 35/A, 02100, Rieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Caissutti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Niccolò Candelise
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 29900161, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Fanny Pulcini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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Dalavi PA, Prabhu A, M S, Murugan SS, Jayachandran V. Casein-assisted exfoliation of tungsten disulfide nanosheets for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 232:113595. [PMID: 37913705 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Our regular life can be more challenging by bone abnormalities. Bone tissue engineering is used for repairing, regenerating, or replacing bone tissue that has been injured or infected. It is effective in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional bone grafting methods like autograft and allograft by enhancing the effectiveness of bone regeneration. Recent discoveries have shown that the exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with protein is in great demand for bone tissue engineering applications. WS2 nanosheets were developed using casein and subsequently characterized with different analytical techniques. Strong absorption peaks were observed in the UV-visible spectra at 520 nm and 630 nm. Alginate and alginate-casein WS2 microspheres were developed. Stereomicroscopic images of the microspheres are spherical in shape and have an average diameter of around 0.8 ± 0.2 mm. The alginate-casein WS2 microspheres show higher content of water absorption and retention properties than only alginate-containing microspheres. The apatite formation in the simulated bodily fluid solution was facilitated more effectively by the alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres. Additionally, alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres have a compressive strength is 58.01 ± 4 MPa. Finally, in vitro cell interaction studies reveals that both the microspheres are biocompatible with the C3H10T1/2 cells, and alginate-casein-WS2-based microspheres promote cell growth more significantly. Alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres promote alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization process. Additionally, alginate-casein-WS2-based microspheres exponentially enhance the genes for ALP, BMP-2, OCN, and Collage type-1. The produced alginate-casein-WS2 microspheres could be a suitable synthetic graft for a bone transplant replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandurang Appana Dalavi
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sajida M
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sesha Subramanian Murugan
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayachandran
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
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Di Gioia S, Milillo L, Hossain MN, Carbone A, Petruzzi M, Conese M. Blood Clotting Dissolution in the Presence of a Magnetic Field and Preliminary Study with MG63 Osteoblast-like Cells-Further Developments for Guided Bone Regeneration? Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:888. [PMID: 37627773 PMCID: PMC10451701 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of a magnetic field on the activation of bone cells and remodelling of alveolar bone is known to incite bone regeneration. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) aims to develop biomimetic scaffolds to allow for the functioning of the barrier and the precise succession of wound healing steps, including haemostasis. The effect of a magnetic field on blood clot dissolution has not been studied yet. METHODS We conducted a methodological study on the clot stability in the presence of a static magnetic field (SMF). Preformed whole blood (WB) clots were treated with either a broad proteolytic enzyme (trypsin) or a specific fibrinolytic agent, i.e., tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). MG63 osteoblast-like cells were added to preformed WB clots to assess cell proliferation. RESULTS After having experienced a number of clotting and dissolution protocols, we obtained clot stability exerted by SMF when tissue factor (for clotting) and t-PA + plasminogen (for fibrinolysis) were used. WB clots allowed osteoblast-like cells to survive and proliferate, however no obvious effects of the magnetic field were noted. CONCLUSIONS Paramagnetic properties of erythrocytes may have influenced the reduction in clot dissolution. Future studies are warranted to fully exploit the combination of magnetic forces, WB clot and cells in GBR applied to orthodontics and prosthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.N.H.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.N.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.N.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.D.G.); (M.N.H.); (A.C.)
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8
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Hui Y, Yan Z, Yang H, Xu X, Yuan WE, Qian Y. Graphene Family Nanomaterials for Stem Cell Neurogenic Differentiation and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4741-4759. [PMID: 36102324 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Nerve scaffolds fabricated by specific materials can help induce the neurogenic differentiation of stem cells. Therefore, it is a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic efficiency. Graphene family nanomaterials are widely applied in repairing peripheral nerves. However, the mechanism underlying the pro-regeneration effects remains elusive. In this review, we first discuss the properties of graphene family nanomaterials, including monolayer and multilayer graphene, few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots. We also introduce their applications in regulating stem cell differentiation. Then, we review the potential mechanisms of the neurogenic differentiation of stem cells facilitated by the materials. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in this field to advance the development of nerve biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hui
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 201306, China
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Kim J, Chang Y, Hwang Y, Kim S, Oh YK, Kim J. Graphene Nanosheets Mediate Efficient Direct Reprogramming into Induced Cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In vivo cardiac reprogramming is a potential therapeutic strategy to replace cardiomyocytes in patients with myocardial infarction. However, low conversion efficiency is a limitation of In vivo cardiac reprogramming for heart failure. In this study, we showed that graphene
nanosheets mediated efficient direct reprogramming into induced cardiomyocytes In vivo. We observed that the administration of graphene nanosheets led to the accumulation of H3K4me3, which resulted in direct cardiac reprogramming. Importantly, the administration of graphene nanosheets
combined with cardiac reprogramming factors in a mouse model of myocardial infarction enhanced the effectiveness of directly reprogrammed cell-based cardiac repair. Collectively, our findings suggest that graphene nanosheets can be used as an excellent biomaterial to promote cardiac cell fate
conversion and provide a robust reprogramming platform for cardiac regeneration in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeop Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujung Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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A Molecular View on Biomaterials and Dental Stem Cells Interactions: Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials and stem cells are essential components in the field of regenerative medicine. Various biomaterials have been designed that have appropriate biochemical and biophysical characteristics to mimic the microenvironment of an extracellular matrix. Dental stem cells (DT-MSCs) represent a novel source for the development of autologous therapies due to their easy availability. Although research on biomaterials and DT-MSCs has progressed, there are still challenges in the characteristics of biomaterials and the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the behavior of DT-MSCs. In this review, the characteristics of biomaterials are summarized, and their classification according to their source, bioactivity, and different biological effects on the expansion and differentiation of DT-MSCs is summarized. Finally, advances in research on the interaction of biomaterials and the molecular components involved (mechanosensors and mechanotransduction) in DT-MSCs during their proliferation and differentiation are analyzed. Understanding the molecular dynamics of DT-MSCs and biomaterials can contribute to research in regenerative medicine and the development of autologous stem cell therapies.
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11
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Recent advances in graphene-based polymer composite scaffolds for bone/cartilage tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vlăsceanu GM, Ioniță M, Popescu CC, Giol ED, Ionescu I, Dumitrașcu AM, Floarea M, Boerasu I, Necolau MI, Olăreț E, Ghițman J, Iovu H. Chitosan-Based Materials Featuring Multiscale Anisotropy for Wider Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105336. [PMID: 35628150 PMCID: PMC9140409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed graphene oxide composites with increased morphological and structural variability using fatty acid-coupled polysaccharide co-polymer as the continuous phase. The matrix was synthesized by N, O-acylation of chitosan with palmitic and lauric acid. The obtained co-polymer was crosslinked with genipin and composited with graphene oxide. FTIR spectra highlighted the modification and multi-components interaction. DLS, SEM, and contact angle tests demonstrated that the conjugation of hydrophobic molecules to chitosan increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity, since it triggered a core-shell macromolecular structuration. Nanoindentation revealed a notable durotaxis gradient due to chitosan/fatty acid self-organization and graphene sheet embedment. The composited building blocks with graphene oxide were more stable during in vitro enzymatic degradation tests and swelled less. In vitro viability, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response tests yielded promising results, and the protein adsorption test demonstrated potential antifouling efficacy. The robust and stable substrates with heterogeneous architecture we developed show promise in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mihail Vlăsceanu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.V.); (C.C.P.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Mariana Ioniță
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.V.); (C.C.P.)
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-214-022-709
| | - Corina Cristiana Popescu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.V.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Elena Diana Giol
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Irina Ionescu
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrei-Mihai Dumitrașcu
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Mădălina Floarea
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (I.I.); (A.-M.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Iulian Boerasu
- Department of Lasers, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Mădălina Ioana Necolau
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Elena Olăreț
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Jana Ghițman
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (E.D.G.); (M.I.N.); (E.O.); (J.G.); (H.I.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Liu C, Tan D, Chen X, Liao J, Wu L. Research on Graphene and Its Derivatives in Oral Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094737. [PMID: 35563128 PMCID: PMC9104291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases present a global public health problem that imposes heavy financial burdens on individuals and health-care systems. Most oral health conditions can be treated in their early stage. Even if the early symptoms of oral diseases do not seem to cause significant discomfort, prompt treatment is essential for preventing their progression. Biomaterials with superior properties enable dental therapies with applications in restoration, therapeutic drug/protein delivery, and tissue regeneration. Graphene nanomaterials have many unique mechanical and physiochemical properties and can respond to the complex oral microenvironment, which includes oral microbiota colonization and high masticatory force. Research on graphene nanomaterials in dentistry, especially in caries, periodontitis therapy, and implant coatings, is progressing rapidly. Here, we review the development of graphene and its derivatives for dental disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (C.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Leng Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.W.)
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Extrapolating neurogenesis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds to dental and oral-derived stem cells. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:13. [PMID: 35210393 PMCID: PMC8873504 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high neurogenic potential of dental and oral-derived stem cells due to their embryonic neural crest origin, coupled with their ready accessibility and easy isolation from clinical waste, make these ideal cell sources for neuroregeneration therapy. Nevertheless, these cells also have high propensity to differentiate into the osteo-odontogenic lineage. One strategy to enhance neurogenesis of these cells may be to recapitulate the natural physiological electrical microenvironment of neural tissues via electroactive or electroconductive tissue engineering scaffolds. Nevertheless, to date, there had been hardly any such studies on these cells. Most relevant scientific information comes from neurogenesis of other mesenchymal stem/stromal cell lineages (particularly bone marrow and adipose tissue) cultured on electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds, which will therefore be the focus of this review. Although there are larger number of similar studies on neural cell lines (i.e. PC12), neural stem/progenitor cells, and pluripotent stem cells, the scientific data from such studies are much less relevant and less translatable to dental and oral-derived stem cells, which are of the mesenchymal lineage. Much extrapolation work is needed to validate that electroactive and electroconductive scaffolds can indeed promote neurogenesis of dental and oral-derived stem cells, which would thus facilitate clinical applications in neuroregeneration therapy.
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Ozgun A, Lomboni D, Arnott H, Staines WA, Woulfe J, Variola F. Biomaterial-based strategies for in vitro neural models. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1134-1165. [PMID: 35023513 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models have been used as a complementary tool to animal studies in understanding the nervous system's physiological mechanisms and pathological disorders, while also serving as platforms to evaluate the safety and efficiency of therapeutic candidates. Following recent advances in materials science, micro- and nanofabrication techniques and cell culture systems, in vitro technologies have been rapidly gaining the potential to bridge the gap between animal and clinical studies by providing more sophisticated models that recapitulate key aspects of the structure, biochemistry, biomechanics, and functions of human tissues. This was made possible, in large part, by the development of biomaterials that provide cells with physicochemical features that closely mimic the cellular microenvironment of native tissues. Due to the well-known material-driven cellular response and the importance of mimicking the environment of the target tissue, the selection of optimal biomaterials represents an important early step in the design of biomimetic systems to investigate brain structures and functions. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of commonly used biomaterials as well as the different fabrication techniques employed for the design of neural tissue models. Furthermore, the authors discuss the main parameters that need to be considered to develop functional platforms not only for the study of brain physiological functions and pathological processes but also for drug discovery/development and the optimization of biomaterials for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Ozgun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Lomboni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hallie Arnott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada
| | - William A Staines
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering (OCIBME), Ottawa, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Canada
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