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Qin Z, Feng J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Moore C, Yang ST. Engineering the reductive tricarboxylic acid pathway in Aureobasidium pullulans for enhanced biosynthesis of poly-L-malic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130122. [PMID: 38040309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans produced poly-L-malic acid (PMA) as the main metabolite in fermentation but with relatively low productivity and yield limiting its industrial application. In this study, A. pullulans ZX-10 was engineered to overexpress cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) and PMA synthetase (PMS) using a high-copy yeast episomal plasmid with the gpdA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans. Overexpressing endogenous PMS and heterologous MDH and PYC from Aspergillus oryzae respectively increased PMA production by 19 % - 37 % (0.64 - 0.74 g/g vs. 0.54 g/g for wild type) in shake-flask fermentations, demonstrating the importance of the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) pathway in PMA biosynthesis. A. pullulans co-expressing MDH and PYC produced 96.7 g/L PMA at 0.90 g/L∙h and 0.68 g/g glucose in fed-batch fermentation, which were among the highest yield and productivity reported. The engineered A. pullulans with enhanced rTCA pathway is advantageous and promising for PMA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - You Li
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yin Zheng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curtis Moore
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Rezaei S, de Araújo Júnior RF, da Silva ILG, Schomann T, Eich C, Cruz LJ. Erythrocyte-cancer hybrid membrane-coated reduction-sensitive nanoparticles for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213456. [PMID: 37196459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell-membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great attention due to their prolonged circulation time, immune escape mechanisms and homotypic targeting properties. Biomimetic nanosystems from different types of cell -membranes (CMs) can perform increasingly complex tasks in dynamic biological environments thanks to specific proteins and other properties inherited from the source cells. Herein, we coated doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded reduction-sensitive chitosan (CS) NPs with 4T1 cancer cell -membranes (CCMs), red blood cell -membranes (RBCMs) and hybrid erythrocyte-cancer membranes (RBC-4T1CMs) to enhance the delivery of DOX to breast cancer cells. The physicochemical properties (size, zeta potential and morphology) of the resulting RBC@DOX/CS-NPs, 4T1@DOX/CS-NPs and RBC-4T1@DOX/CS-NPs, as well as their cytotoxic effect and cellular NP uptake in vitro were thoroughly characterized. The anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy of the NPs was evaluated using the orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model in vivo. The experimental results showed that DOX/CS-NPs had a DOX-loading capacity of 71.76 ± 0.87 %, and that coating of DOX/CS-NPs with 4T1CM significantly increased the NP uptake and cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, by optimizing the ratio of RBCMs:4T1CMs, it was possible to increase the homotypic targeting properties towards breast cancer cells. Moreover, in vivo tumor studies showed that compared to control DOX/CS-NPs and free DOX, both 4T1@DOX/CS-NPs and RBC@DOX/CS-NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. However, the effect of 4T1@DOX/CS-NPs was more prominent. Moreover, CM-coating reduced the uptake of NPs by macrophages and led to rapid clearance from the liver and lungs in vivo, compared to control NPs. Our results suggest that specific self-recognition to source cells resulting in homotypic targeting increased the uptake and the cytotoxic capacity of 4T1@DOX/CS-NPs by breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, tumor-disguised CM-coated DOX/CS-NPs exhibited tumor homotypic targeting and anti-cancer properties, and were superior over targeting with RBC-CM or RBC-4T1 hybrid membranes, suggesting that the presence of 4T1-CM is critical for treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Rezaei
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil; Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory (LAICI), Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil.
| | - Isadora Luisa Gomes da Silva
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory (LAICI), Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
| | - Timo Schomann
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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