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Weinzierl A, Ampofo E, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Tissue-Protective Mechanisms of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Flap Surgery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864351. [PMID: 35548348 PMCID: PMC9081973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite careful preoperative planning, surgical flaps are prone to ischemic tissue damage and ischemia–reperfusion injury. The resulting wound breakdown and flap necrosis increase both treatment costs and patient morbidity. Hence, there is a need for strategies to promote flap survival and prevent ischemia-induced tissue damage. Phytochemicals, defined as non-essential, bioactive, and plant-derived molecules, are attractive candidates for perioperative treatment as they have little to no side effects and are well tolerated by most patients. Furthermore, they have been shown to exert beneficial combinations of pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. This review provides an overview of bioactive phytochemicals that have been used to increase flap survival in preclinical animal models and discusses the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Ampofo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection Promotes the Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147:613-624. [PMID: 33620930 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting is a commonly used strategy to repair soft-tissue defects that has shown an approximately 40 percent increase in use in the past 5 years. However, the high reabsorption rates (average, 50 percent) often result in an unsatisfactory outcome. Current approaches aimed at increasing the blood supply of grafted fat have little clinical support. Here, we found that Salvia miltiorrhiza could improve fat graft survival by promoting adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by means of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) signaling. METHODS Adipose tissue was harvested from the thighs of two women. Adipose-derived stem cells were characterized by flow cytometry (CD29, CD90, and CD105). The samples (2 × 104 cells/liter) were incubated with or without S. miltiorrhiza injection (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 g/liter) during adipogenic differentiation. Oil Red O staining, triglyceride content, and adipogenic gene expression (PPARγ and C/EBPα) were performed to detect adipogenic differentiation. RESULTS The triglyceride content in the 0.5-g/liter group was increased significantly compared with that in control groups (0.231 ± 0.010, 76.90 percent versus control, p < 0.001, day 9; 0.303 ± 0.010, 91.28 percent versus control, p < 0.001, day 10; 0.361 ± 0.008, 86.65 percent versus control, p < 0.001, day 11). The expression levels of PPARγ and C/EBPα in the 0.5-g/liter group were both increased significantly compared with those in control groups (0.0097 ± 0.0015, 48.1 percent versus control, p < 0.05 for PPARγ; 0.0423 ± 0.003, 112 percent versus control, p < 0.001 for C/EBPα). CONCLUSIONS S. miltiorrhiza injection has a positive effect on adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. The effect of this treatment on improving fat graft survival needs more in vivo research.
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Tanshinone I regulates autophagic signaling via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:601-608. [PMID: 32011366 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone I, one of the components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exhibits anti-tumor ability and induces autophagy. But the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate whether AMP-activated protein kinase dependent pathway is involved in the autophagic signaling regulation and its relationship with tumor suppression. Breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were treated with Tanshinone I or vehicle. Acridine orange dyeing and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate autophagic cells. MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to detect the effect of Tanshinone I combined with autophagy inhibitors on cell proliferation. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3-I/II, as well as the phosphorylation of AMPKα and ULK1. Our results showed that Tanshinone I suppressed proliferation of HepG2, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. LC3-II and P62 were induced by Tanshinone I in all three cancer cell lines. But autophagic flux analysis showed that Tanshinone I treatment induced autophagy only in MDA-MB-231, which was also proved by transmission electron microscopy. Tanshinone I upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPKα and its downstream ULK1. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor compound C attenuated Beclin 1 and LC3-II expression induced by Tanshinone I in HepG2. In MDA-MB-231, compound C surprisingly induced LC3-II upregulation which is independent of AMPKα activation. Under this circumstance, treatment of Tanshinone I combined with compound C significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 proliferation, compared with Tanshinone I treatment alone. This study demonstrates that Tanshinone I could induce cancer cell death and regulate autophagy signaling in breast cancer and hepatic carcinoma cells. Activation of AMPKα was found to be involved in autophagic signaling regulation by Tanshinone I.
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Zheng D, Li M, Zhou J, Wang J, Bian W, Yoshimura K, Yu L. Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection in Patients With Autologous Fat Grafting to the Breast: A Preliminary Comparative Study. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39:NP243-NP252. [PMID: 30541057 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is an herb used in Chinese medicine formulations for promoting blood circulation and minimizing vascular stasis. It has been successfully utilized in treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, and angina. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to study the effect of SM injections in autologous fat grafting to the breast. METHODS Fifteen women who elected to undergo breast augmentation with autologous fat grafting were included in this study. Of these, 10 were given intravenous infusions of SM for 4 weeks perioperatively, and the remaining 5 did not receive herbal infusion. The increase in breast volume after fat grafting was measured in both the groups using a three-dimensional scanner. Breast tissue specimens were harvested just before the second fat injection procedure and were analyzed by the immunofluorescence staining test. RESULTS All of the patients showed improvement in breast volume after fat grafting. The fat graft retention rate in the SM group was 60.06 ± 16.12%, whereas that in the non-SM group was 34.04 ± 11.15%. In addition, the SMG showed good breast morphology and absence of cyst formation. CONCLUSIONS SM has the potential to increase the retention rate of fat grafts in breast augmentation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Danning Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoqun Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Bian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Irmak F, Kurt Yazar S, Şirvan SS, Serin M, Özağarı A, Karasoy Yeşilada A. Beneficial effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the healing of burn wounds: an experimental study in rats. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2018; 52:229-233. [PMID: 29656662 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2018.1461631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burn healing is a complicated process and very few treatments can positively alter its effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM -Danshen), a traditional Chinese medicine, on burn wound healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty rats were included in this study and divided into two groups. 3 × 2 cm wide burn areas were created in the dorsal skin of all the animals with thermal contact. Intraoral 1 ml/day saline and 1 g/kg/day SM were given in control and experiment groups, respectively. Fourteen days following the burn injury burn zones were evaluated with indocyanine green-SPY imaging device, and multiple samples were collected for histopathological evaluation. Standard photographs were taken for the evaluation of necrotic skin areas. RESULTS Neovascularization was increased in the SM group when compared with the control group (p = 0.0406). SPY studies revealed a meaningful increase in the tissue perfusion in the SM group (p = 0.0286). The average amount of necrotic area in the control and experiment group on the postoperative 14th day was 71.6% (±16.51) and 42.5% (±10.64) respectively (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Our study shows that SM can decrease the amount of necrosis in burn wounds by increasing tissue perfusion and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Irmak
- a Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic , University of Health Sciences Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kurt Yazar
- b Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic , University of Health Sciences Istanbul Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Serhat Selami Şirvan
- a Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic , University of Health Sciences Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Merdan Serin
- b Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic , University of Health Sciences Istanbul Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayşim Özağarı
- c Pathology Department , University of Health Sciences Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayşin Karasoy Yeşilada
- d Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic , University of Health Sciences Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital Plastic , Istanbul , Turkey
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Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Plants on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Humans: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7354250. [PMID: 29805312 PMCID: PMC5901822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7354250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has made great strides in providing drugs that are able to stimulate the healing process, but only 1-3% of all drugs that are listed in Western pharmacopoeias are intended for use on the skin or cutaneous wounds. Of these, at least one-third are obtained from plants. We sought to review the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on human skin lesions. For this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials that were published from 1997 to 2017. We reviewed studies that described the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of skin lesions in humans. Ten studies were selected, eight of which were published from 2007 to 2016, with a total of 503 patients. Among the plant species that were used for the treatment of human skin lesions, 12 belonged to 11 families and were included in the analysis. All of the plant species that were studied presented high therapeutic potential for the treatment of cutaneous lesions.
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Phytotherapy and Nutritional Supplements on Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7207983. [PMID: 28845434 PMCID: PMC5563402 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7207983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of nonskin malignancy among women worldwide. In general, conventional cancer treatment options (i.e., surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, and hormone therapy) are not completely effective. Recurrence and other pathologic situations are still an issue in breast cancer patients due to side effects, toxicity of drugs in normal cells, and aggressive behaviour of the tumours. From this point of view, breast cancer therapy and adjuvant methods represent a promising and challenging field for researchers. In the last few years, the use of some types of complementary medicines by women with a history of breast cancer has significantly increased such as phytotherapeutic products and nutritional supplements. Despite this, the use of such approaches in oncologic processes may be problematic and patient's health risks can arise such as interference with the efficacy of standard cancer treatment. The present review gives an overview of the most usual phytotherapeutic products and nutritional supplements with application in breast cancer patients as adjuvant approach. Regardless of the contradictory results of scientific evidence, we demonstrated the need to perform additional investigation, mainly well-designed clinical trials in order to establish correlations and allow for further validated outcomes concerning the efficacy, safety, and clinical evidence-based recommendation of these products.
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Bodeker G, Ryan TJ, Volk A, Harris J, Burford G. Integrative Skin Care: Dermatology and Traditional and Complementary Medicine. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:479-486. [PMID: 28410445 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin problems and diseases are extremely common globally and, due to their visibility, often result in severe distress and stigma for sufferers. Traditional (i.e., indigenous or local) and complementary health systems are widely used and incorporate many treatment modalities suitable for skin care, and a body of evidence for their efficacy and safety has built up over many decades. These approaches are often used as part of a broader "integrative medicine" (IM) approach that may also include, for example, nutrition and mind-body approaches. This article presents an overview of current knowledge about traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) and IM principles and practices for skin health; reviews published epidemiologic studies, clinical trials, and wider literature; and discusses the challenges of conducting research into T&CM and IM. It also highlights the need for an innovative research agenda-one which is congruent with the principles of IM, as well as taking policy and public health dimensions into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bodeker
- 1 Green Templeton College, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
- 2 Global Initiative for Traditional Systems of Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University , New York, N.Y
| | - Terence J Ryan
- 1 Green Templeton College, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
- 2 Global Initiative for Traditional Systems of Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
- 4 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford, United Kingdom
- 5 Centre for Biocultural Diversity, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Adva Volk
- 2 Global Initiative for Traditional Systems of Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jahnavi Harris
- 2 Global Initiative for Traditional Systems of Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Burford
- 2 Global Initiative for Traditional Systems of Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
- 5 Centre for Biocultural Diversity, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Hung YC, Pan TL, Hu WL. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anticancer Therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5293284. [PMID: 27579153 PMCID: PMC4989081 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5293284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. We aim to provide a systematic review about the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anticancer therapy with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). Danshen, including its lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents, is potentially beneficial for treating various cancers. The mechanisms of ROS-related anticancer effects of Danshen vary depending on the specific type of cancer cells involved. Danshen may enhance TNF-α-induced apoptosis, upregulate caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, endoplasmic reticulum stress, P21, P53, Bax/Bcl-2, DR5, and AMP-activated protein kinase, or activate the p38/JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and FasL signaling pathways. Conversely, Danshen may downregulate human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA, telomerase, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, CD31, NF-κB, Erk1/2, matrix metalloproteinases, microtubule assembly, and receptor tyrosine kinases including epidermal growth factor receptors, HER2, and P-glycoprotein and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR or estrogen receptor signaling pathways. Therefore, Danshen may inhibit cancer cells proliferation through antioxidation on tumor initiation and induce apoptosis or autophagy through ROS generation on tumor progression, tumor promotion, and tumor metastasis. Based on the available evidence regarding its anticancer properties, this review provides new insights for further anticancer research or clinical trials with Danshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83342, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Road, Dashu District, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan 83302, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsush-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 83342, Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, No. 100, Shihcyuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Fooyin University College of Nursing, No. 151, Chinhsueh Road, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
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Wang CZ, Moss J, Yuan CS. Commonly Used Dietary Supplements on Coagulation Function during Surgery. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 2:157-185. [PMID: 26949700 PMCID: PMC4777343 DOI: 10.3390/medicines2030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who undergo surgery appear to use dietary supplements significantly more frequently than the general population. Because they contain pharmacologically active compounds, dietary supplements may affect coagulation and platelet function during the perioperative period through direct effects, pharmacodynamic interactions, and pharmacokinetic interactions. However, in this regard, limited studies have been conducted that address the pharmacological interactions of dietary supplements. To avoid possible bleeding risks during surgery, information of potential complications of dietary supplements during perioperative management is important for physicians. METHODS Through a systematic database search of all available years, articles were identified in this review if they included dietary supplements and coagulation/platelet function, while special attention was paid to studies published after 1990. RESULTS Safety concerns are reported in commercially available dietary supplements. Effects of the most commonly used natural products on blood coagulation and platelet function are systematically reviewed, including 11 herbal medicines (echinacea, ephedra, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, green tea, kava, saw palmetto, St John's wort, and valerian) and 4 other dietary supplements (coenzyme Q10, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, fish oil, and vitamins). Bleeding risks of garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, green tea, saw palmetto, St John's wort, and fish oil are reported. Cardiovascular instability was observed with ephedra, ginseng, and kava. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary supplements and drugs used in the perioperative period are discussed. CONCLUSIONS To prevent potential problems associated with the use of dietary supplements, physicians should be familiar with the perioperative effects of commonly used dietary supplements. Since the effects of dietary supplements on coagulation and platelet function are difficult to predict, it is prudent to advise their discontinuation before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-773-702-0166; Fax: +1-773-834-0601
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Tan Y, Wang KY, Wang N, Li G, Liu D. Ectopic expression of human acidic fibroblast growth factor 1 in the medicinal plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza, accelerates the healing of burn wounds. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:74. [PMID: 25106436 PMCID: PMC4134118 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healing of burns is a complex process and very few effective treatments exist to facilitate the burn recovery process. Human acidic fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) plays an important role in a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Salvia miltiorrhiza is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an herb for the treatment of various diseases, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and traumatic injuries. We present that expression of FGF-1 in S. miltiorrhiza significantly accelerates the healing of burn wounds. Results The human fgf-1 gene was fused with a barley α-amylase signal peptide DNA sequence and driven by a 35S promoter for constitutive expression in transgenic S. miltiorrhiza plants. The highest yield of recombinant FGF-1 obtained from leaves of transgenic S. miltiorrhiza lines was 272 ng/fresh weight. Aqueous extracts from transgenic S. miltiorrhiza exhibited FGF-1 activity approximately 19.2-fold greater than that of the standard FGF-1. Compared to the standard FGF-1 or the extracts obtained from non-transgenic plants, it stimulated proliferation of Balb/c 3 T3 mouse fibroblast cells assessed with the standard MTT assay and promoted angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Topical application of the extract significantly accelerated the burn wound healing process. Conclusions The product appears to retain the biological activity of both FGF-1 as well as the medicinal properties of the plant. The extracts from transgenic S. miltiorrhiza combines the therapeutic functions of FGF-1 and the medicinal plant, S. miltiorrhiza. Topical application of the product can reduce the costs associated with extraction, purification, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - DeHu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Southern Zhong Guan Cun Road, Beijing 100081, China.
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Cheon S, Zhang X, Lee IS, Cho SH, Chae Y, Lee H. Pharmacopuncture for cancer care: a systematic review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:804746. [PMID: 24899911 PMCID: PMC4036607 DOI: 10.1155/2014/804746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Pharmacopuncture, injection to acupoints with pharmacological medication or herbal medicine, is a new acupuncture therapy widely available in Korea and China for cancer-related symptoms. However, the evidence is yet to be clear. Objective. To determine pharmacopuncture's effectiveness on cancer-related symptoms. Methods. Eleven databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of pharmacopuncture in cancer patients. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool was used for quality assessment. Results. Twenty-two studies involving 2,459 patients were included. Five trials of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) underwent meta-analysis. Pharmacopuncture significantly relieved severity of CINV compared with control group (3 trials, risk ratio (RR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.44). The frequency of CINV was also significantly reduced with pharmacopuncture (2 trials, RR 2.47, 95% CI = 2.12-2.89). Seventeen trials studied various symptoms, and in most studies, pharmacopuncture significantly relieved pain, ileus, hiccup, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms and improved quality of life in various cancer patients. ROB was generally high. Conclusion. It may be suggested with caution that pharmacopuncture may help various symptom relief in cancer patients, but it is hard to draw a firm conclusion due to clinical heterogeneity and high ROB of the included studies, hence warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Cheon
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuyu Zhang
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Hospital of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 23, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Hong W, Dong E. The past, present and future of breast cancer research in China. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:1-5. [PMID: 24735750 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer has increased rapidly in recent years and has now become the most common cancer in women in major cities of China. Here, we reviewed the history and progress of breast cancer research in China, including achievements that Chinese scientists have made in basic, translational and clinical research. Moreover, we evaluated the contributions of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of breast cancer research. The number of grants funded by the NSFC for breast cancer has tripled from 87 to 274 in the past 5years, and this resulted in a dramatic increase in breast cancer publications. Despite this great progress, policy makers are continuously taking efforts to guarantee the transparency of grant competition and the effective use of NSFC finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China.
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15
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Panhofer P, Ferenc V, Schütz M, Gleiss A, Dubsky P, Jakesz R, Gnant M, Fitzal F. Standardization of morbidity assessment in breast cancer surgery using the Clavien Dindo Classification. Int J Surg 2014; 12:334-9. [PMID: 24486930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are no published data on standardized scoring systems for morbidity after breast cancer surgery. Aim of the study was to establish the Clavien Dindo Classification (CDC) as assessment tool and to identify risk factors for morbidity after breast surgery investigating new techniques including oncoplastic surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2008 and 2010, data were retrospectively evaluated from 485 women with breast cancer who underwent surgery at a university hospital. The CDC was used to assess the severity of postoperative complications. Multivariable analyses were adjusted by body-mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus and tumour size. RESULTS Overall complications (CDC 1-4) were reported in 28.7%. Second surgery related to major complications (CDC 3-4) was mandatory in 4.7%. Axillary dissection was an independent predictor for CDC 1-4 in all patients (P = 0.008, OR of 1.81, 95%CI 1.17-2.82). We found no independent predictor for CDC 3-4. Oncoplastic surgery increased the rate of wound infections (P = 0.010, OR: 2.94, 95%CI 1.30-6.67) and necroses (P < 0.001, OR: 8.38, 95%CI 3.28-21.4). Axillary dissection elevated wound infection (P = 0.040, OR: 2.07, 95%CI 1.03-4.14) and seroma rates (P < 0.001, OR: 2.46, 95%CI 1.51-4.01). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy had no impact on morbidity. CONCLUSION The CDC is a valid assessment tool for future clinical trials and may be useful for hospital quality control. While axillary dissection and oncoplastic surgery raised morbidity, no single factor predicted for morbidity related second surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Panhofer
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Veronika Ferenc
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schütz
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Section of Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dubsky
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raimund Jakesz
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gnant
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Fitzal
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Breast Health Center, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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