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Kim HM, Huff H, Smith MJ, Nguyen M, Smith C. Effect of making skin incision with electrocautery on positive Cutibacterium acnes culture rates in shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024; 33:6-13. [PMID: 37579940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutibacterium acnes remains the most commonly detected organism in shoulder arthroplasty. C acnes infection is thought to occur during shoulder arthroplasty through contamination of the surgical field with C acnes from the incised dermis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether using electrocautery for making skin incisions would decrease C acnes culture rates at the incised dermis compared to using scalpels during shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS Patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty were randomized into 2 groups, electrocautery vs. scalpel incision group. All patients received a standard preoperative antiseptic preparation including chlorhexidine gluconate showers, intravenous antibiotic administration, and topical application of hydrogen peroxide, povidone iodine, isopropyl alcohol, and DuraPrep. Cultures were obtained from the incised dermal edge immediately after skin incision and later from surgeon's gloves and forceps immediately prior to humeral component implantation. The primary outcome was positive C acnes culture rates compared between the groups. RESULTS A total of 64 patients (32 in each group) were enrolled. There were 24 males in each group. Regarding dermis cultures, 10 patients (31%) in the scalpel group were positive with 8 of them positive for C acnes, whereas no patients in the electrocautery group were positive (P < .001). Regarding glove cultures, the electrocautery group had 8 patients positive C acnes, while the scalpel group had 8 (P = .777). Regarding forceps cultures, the electrocautery group had 4 patients positive for C acnes, and the scalpel group had 6 (P = .491). All positive cultures were exclusively from male patients. There were no wound complications or infection in the electrocautery group while the scalpel group had 1 acute postoperative infection. CONCLUSIONS Making skin incisions using electrocautery resulted in 0 C acnes culture at the incised dermis, suggesting its potential effect against C acnes. However, despite this initial antibacterial effect, C acnes still appeared on surgeon's gloves and forceps during surgery of male patients. All positive cultures were from male patients, suggesting that the source of C acnes was specifically related to the male body. While the study hypothesis was supported by the results, the present study also raises new questions and calls for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mike Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Haley Huff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Conor Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kyle E. Sharps Safety. AORN J 2024; 119:87-92. [PMID: 38149901 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
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Xu W, Fang M, Wang Z, Wang J, Tao C, Ma L, Li L, Hu X. Needle-tip electrocautery versus steel scalpel incision in neurosurgery: study protocol for a prospective single-centre randomised controlled double-blind trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073444. [PMID: 37963705 PMCID: PMC10649521 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electrocautery is used widely in surgical procedures, but making skin incision has routinely been performed with scalpel rather than electrocautery, for fear that electrocautery may cause poor incision healing, excessive scarring and increased wound complication rates. More and more studies on general surgery support the use of electrocautery for skin incision, but research comparing the two modalities for scalp incision in neurosurgery remains inadequate. This trial aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of needle-tip monopolar for scalp incision in supratentorial neurosurgery compared with steel scalpel. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this prospective, randomised, double-blind trial, 120 eligible patients who are planned to undergo supratentorial neurosurgery will be enrolled. Patients will be randomly assigned to two groups. In controlled group scalp incision will be made with a scalpel from the epidermis to the galea aponeurotica, while in intervention group scalp will be first incised with a steel scalpel from the epidermis to the dermis, and then the subcutaneous tissue and galea aponeurotica will be incised with needle-tip monopolar on cutting mode. The primary outcomes are scar score (at 90 days). The secondary outcomes include incision pain (at 1 day, on discharge, at 90 days) and alopecia around the incision (at 90 days), incision blood loss and incision-related operation time (during operation), incision infection and incision healing (on discharge, at 2 weeks, 90 days). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial will be performed according to the principles of Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice guidelines. This study has been validated by the ethics committee of West China Hospital. Informed consent will be obtained from each included patient and/or their designated representative. Final results from this trial will be promulgated through publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200063243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Sichuan University West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanyuan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Nunes I, Nicholson W, Theron G. FIGO good practice recommendations on surgical techniques to improve safety and reduce complications during cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163 Suppl 2:21-33. [PMID: 37807585 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
FIGO is actively contributing to the global effort to reduce maternal morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide. Cesarean delivery rates are increasing globally, without signs of slowing down. Bleeding associated with cesarean delivery has become an important cause of hemorrhage-related maternal deaths in many low- and middle-income countries. Correct surgical techniques to improve safety and reduce complications of cesarean delivery is of the utmost importance. This article presents FIGO's good practice recommendations for effective surgical techniques to reduce cesarean complications. Evidence-based information is included where data are available. An expanded WHO Surgical Safety Checklist for maternity cases is suggested. Different incision techniques through the layers of the abdominal wall with appropriate indications are discussed. Hysterotomy through a transverse incision is described, as are indications for low vertical and classical incisions. Important precautions when extracting the fetus are explained. Uterine closure includes a safe method ensuring adequate reapproximation of the upper segment if a vertical incision is made. The paper concludes with the management of two common bleeding problems following delivery of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Nunes
- Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Wanda Nicholson
- George Washington University Milken School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gerhard Theron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tanskanen TJ, Ryhänen JO, Pääkkönen MJI. Scalpel versus Electrocautery for Surgical Skin Incision in Open Carpal Tunnel Release. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2023; 28:321-326. [PMID: 37173141 DOI: 10.1142/s2424835523500339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Electrocautery is an option for skin incision for the neck, abdominal or inguinal surgery, but is not generally used for hand surgery. The aim of this study was to clarify whether electrocautery skin incision would be beneficial in open carpal tunnel release (OCTR). Methods: A total of 16 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome underwent skin incision for OCTR using either a scalpel (n = 9) or a microdissection diathermy needle (n = 7). Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS 0-100 mm) daily from postoperative days 1 till 7. Results: The diathermy group reported higher VAS scores (mean 80 mm) on the first postoperative day versus the scalpel group mean of 35 mm (p < 0.001). We continued measuring pain for 7 days after the surgery and found higher VAS scores for the diathermy group in the first 6 days. Conclusions: The use of electrocautery is associated with greater pain score in the first postoperative 6 days following OCTR. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic).
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Shetty K, Shetty D, Nemani PK. Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial of Scalpel Versus Diathermy for Abdominal Skin Incisions. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Oley MH, Oley MC, Kepel BJ, Manginstar C, Rawung R, Langi FLFG, Barends D, Aling DMR, Wagiu AMJ, Faruk M. Post-skin incision scar tissue assessment using patient and observer scar assessment scales: A randomised controlled trial. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 71:103006. [PMID: 34840756 PMCID: PMC8606832 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The scalpel was once the gold standard for surgical incisions. Electrosurgery has started to supplant scalpels but is not yet acceptable for skin incisions due to the risk of burns and deeper injury relative to the scalpels' neat incision with less tissue damage. The unnecessary burden of excessive scar formation makes comparing these two methods challenging. Therefore, this study aims to compare post-incision skin scarring created after monopolar electrosurgery and scalpel surgery, and evaluate the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) suitability for assessing skin incision scars by comparing patients' and observers' scores. Methods This self-controlled study involved patients undergoing elective and emergency skin surgery procedures. A singular wound site was created using two incision methods (monopolar electrosurgery and scalpel) simultaneously. Post-incision scar tissue formation was evaluated using the POSAS, a subjective scar assessment tool that involved patients self-reporting on pain, itching, color, thickness flexibility, and surface relief. Observer-rated vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, flexibility, and surface relief both using a 5-point Likert-type scale. We performed this assessment three months post-surgery, and the results were analyzed by a battery of statistical tests and linear mixed models. Results Twenty patients were included in this study. Data analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test indicated no statistically significant differences between the scar tissue created by monopolar electrosurgery and scalpels according to both the patients and the observers. Correlation analyses between the patients' and observers' total POSAS scores indicated these followed a moderate linear relationship (r = 0.51; p < 0.001). Linear mixed models further supported the agreement of POSAS total scores between patients and observers. They also confirmed that electrosurgery was not inferior to the scalpel technique. Conclusion Scar tissue from skin incisions made by monopolar electrosurgery were indistinguishable from those created with a scalpel. The POSAS instrument is an acceptable means of assessing scar formation on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendy Hatibie Oley
- Division of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Division of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Hyperbaric Centre Siloam Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Maximillian Christian Oley
- Hyperbaric Centre Siloam Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Billy Johnson Kepel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Christian Manginstar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Rangga Rawung
- Division of Orthopedic and Traumatology Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.,Division of Orthopedic and Traumatology Surgery, Department of Surgery, R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Fima Lanra Fredrik G Langi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - David Barends
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Faruk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Pyrgidis N, Sokolakis I, Dimitriadis F, Hatzichristodoulou G. Frenuloplasty: from alpha to omega. Int J Impot Res 2021; 34:347-352. [PMID: 34007064 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Frenuloplasty is a common surgical procedure performed on an outpatient basis either for the treatment of frenulum breve alone or as an additional intervention in patients undergoing circumcision. We aimed to provide tips and tricks on performing frenuloplasty, either alone or in combination with circumcision, and to generate a comprehensive review of the available literature on the matter. We suggest that the frenulum should be divided with a scalpel without the use of diathermy and reapproximated with interrupted 4-0 absorbable sutures. Moreover, the frenular artery should be maintained and any injury of the glans must be avoided to ensure optimal functional outcomes. After the procedure, a paraffin gauze filled with antibiotic paste followed by a light compression dressing for one day should be placed to maximize cosmetic results. Regarding the available literature, several methods of frenuloplasty have been described, varying from simple division of the frenulum to more sophisticated grafting or plasty techniques. Both the use of diathermy and the application of laser, with or without suturing of the released frenulum, seem to provide optimal functional and esthetic results. However, the findings of all available studies were mitigated by the relatively small number of included participants and low response rates. Additionally, comparative data or high-quality, long-term functional and cosmetic results on the matter are lacking. Therefore, until high-level evidence regarding frenuloplasty is available, individual clinical judgment should prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pyrgidis
- Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Sokolakis
- Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Friebel TR, Narayan N, Ramakrishnan V, Morgan M, Cellek S, Griffiths M. Comparison of PEAK PlasmaBlade™ to conventional diathermy in abdominal-based free-flap breast reconstruction surgery-A single-centre double-blinded randomised controlled trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:1731-1742. [PMID: 33422499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrosurgery makes dissection with simultaneous haemostasis possible. The produced heat can cause injury to the surrounding tissue. The PEAK PlasmaBlade™(PPB) is a new electrosurgery device which may overcome this by having the ability to operate on a lower temperature, therefore reducing collateral thermal damage. METHOD A single-centre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted which included 108 abdominal-based free-flap breast reconstruction patients who had their flap raise performed using either the PPB (n = 56) or the conventional diathermy (n = 52). Data were collected during their in-patient stay and out-patient appointments. The primary outcome value was the number of days the abdominal drains were required. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, except a significantly lower flap weight in the PPB group. The median number of days the drains were required did not differ significantly (p = 0.48; 6.0 days for the diathermy and 5.0 days for the PPB). The total drain output (p = 0.68), the inflammatory cytokine in the drain fluid (p>0.054) and complications (p>0.24) did not differ significantly between the two groups. At the 2-week follow-up appointment, there was a trend towards less abdominal seromas on abdominal ultrasound (p = 0.09) in the PPB group which were significantly smaller (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The use of the PPB did not result in a significant reduction of drain requirement, total drain output or inflammatory cytokines but did reduce the size of seroma collections at the 2-week follow-up appointment. Therefore, the use of the PPB device could reduce early seroma formation after drain removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Friebel
- St. Andrews Centre for Plastics and Burns, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM17ET, United-Kingdom; Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Ln, Chelmsford CM11SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - N Narayan
- St. Andrews Centre for Plastics and Burns, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM17ET, United-Kingdom
| | - V Ramakrishnan
- St. Andrews Centre for Plastics and Burns, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM17ET, United-Kingdom
| | - M Morgan
- St. Andrews Centre for Plastics and Burns, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM17ET, United-Kingdom
| | - S Cellek
- Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Ln, Chelmsford CM11SQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Griffiths
- St. Andrews Centre for Plastics and Burns, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford CM17ET, United-Kingdom
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Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Maw A. Diathermy versus scalpel for skin incision in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2020; 75:35-43. [PMID: 31978649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare outcomes of diathermy and scalpel for skin incision in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair. METHODS We performed a systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards. We conducted a search of electronic information sources to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing use of diathermy and scalpel for skin incision in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Surgical site infection (SSI) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included haematoma, seroma, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, and incision time. We used Cochrane risk of bias tool and ROBINS-I tool to assess the risk of bias of randomised and non-randomised studies. Fixed-effect model was applied to calculate pooled outcome data. RESULTS We identified 9 studies, 4 randomised controlled trials and 5 prospective cohort studies, enrolling a total of 830 patients. Meta-analysis of RCTs showed no difference between the diathermy and scalpel groups in terms of surgical site infection (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.34, 1.75, P = 0.53), seroma (OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.29, 2.55, P = 0.78), VAS pain score at 6 h (MD: -0.10, 95% CI -0.31, 0.11, P = 0.34), 12 h (MD: -0.10, 95% CI -0.13, 0.33, P = 0.40), and 24 h (MD: 0.03, 95% CI -0.16, 0.21, P = 0.79). Use of diathermy for skin incision was associated with shorter incision time (MD: -36.00, 95% CI -47.92, -24.08, P < 0.00001) and lower risk of haematoma (OR: 0.14, 95% CI 0.03, 0.65, P = 0.01). Meta-analysis of observational studies showed no difference between the diathermy and scalpel groups in terms of surgical site infection (OR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.54, 1.39, P = 0.55), haematoma (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-1.23, P = 0.08), seroma (OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.29, 2.55, P = 0.78), VAS pain score at 6 h (MD: -0.10, 95% CI -0.44, 0.24, P = 0.56), 12 h (MD: -0.10, 95% CI -0.26, 0.46, P = 0.58), and 24 h (MD: 0.10, 95% CI -0.27, 0.47, P = 0.59). Use of diathermy for skin incision was associated with shorter incision time (MD: -39.40, 95% CI -41.02, -37.78, P < 0.00001). The results remained consistent through sensitivity analyses. The between-study heterogeneity was low and the quality of the available evidence was moderate. CONCLUSIONS There is no difference between use of diathermy and scalpel for skin incision in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair in terms of surgical site infection, seroma and postoperative pain. Use of diathermy for skin incision may be associated with shorter incision time and may reduce the risk of haematoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Hajibandeh
- Department of Colorectal and General Surgery, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, UK.
| | - Shahin Hajibandeh
- Department of General Surgery, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Maw
- Department of Colorectal and General Surgery, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, UK
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Pilonidal sinus disease: Preliminary case-control study on heat-related wound dehiscence. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 48:144-149. [PMID: 31890195 PMCID: PMC6930932 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pilonidal disease is a morbid condition of the young population, that could impair quality of life with a high cost for the health care system. No consensus exists on optimal surgical treatment, even if several techniques have been proposed. In this preliminary case-control study we compared excision by knife and diathermy to investigate if wound dehiscence could be related to heat spreading during excision of the sinus. Materials and method Between January 2017 and February 2018, 29 patients underwent to sinus excision.16 patients underwent sinus excision by diathermy (named “Hot” group, case-group) while 13 patients underwent excision by the knife as the control group (named “Cold” group). The temperature data were recorded for both groups. Were considered primary and secondary outcomes. Results the cold group has worse outcomes in operative time and blood loss, but better results in post-operative pain at first day and first control, number of weekly and total dressings until healing, time for full wound recovery, days to return to work, patient feeling feedback and scar aspect. Wounds healed within 8–12 days were 84.6% in the Cold group and 18.8% in the Hot one. I° Dindo-Clavien complications were respectively 15.4% and 100.0% for the Cold and Hot group. No differences were recorded for II° Dindo-Clavien complications and in days of hospitalization. Conclusion cold excision of the sinus pilonidalis has better results both in terms of precarious healing and quality of life, probably because the tissues are not subjected to diathermocoagulation damage and therefore the healing occurs more quickly. (United States National Institutes of Health, www.clinicaltrial.gov, number NCT 03764657, www.researchregistry.com UIN 5003). Pilonidal sinus disease. Cold and Hot surgical procedures. Wounds healed within 8–12 days were 84.6% in the Cold group and 18.8% in the Hot one. I° Dindo-Clavien complications were 15.4% for the Cold and 100.0% for the Hot group.
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Blencowe NS, Rooshenas L, Tolkien Z, Bera KD, Gould Brown H, Elliott D, Reeves BC, Blazeby JM. A qualitative study to identify indicators of the quality of wound closure. J Infect Prev 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1757177419846280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wound healing after surgery may be complicated by surgical site infection (SSI). SSI development may be influenced by surgical techniques surrounding primary wound closure; for example, the standard to which surgical wounds are closed at the end of an operation. Aim: This study aimed to identify indicators of the quality of wound closure, and factors affecting this, to enable the future development of a tool to measure the quality of wound closure in the context of abdominal surgery. Methods: This study was undertaken within the context of an ongoing feasibility study comparing dressing strategies for patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Content analysis of published literature, non-participant observations of wound closure in the operating theatre, and semi-structured interviews with clinicians were used to identify indicators of the quality of wound closure. Results: A long list ( n = 38 domains) was categorized into visible markers indicating the quality of wound closure (e.g. suture visibility, apposition of wound edges, evidence of gaps in the wound or tethering of the skin edges), factors that might influence this (e.g. surgeon’s expertise, time taken to closure the wounds) and patient factors (e.g. obesity, skin conditions). Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate what is meant by ‘good wound closure’ and factors that might influence it. Findings will result in the development of a tool to assess quality of primary wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- NS Blencowe
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Marlborough Street, UK
| | - L Rooshenas
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Z Tolkien
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - KD Bera
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - H Gould Brown
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - D Elliott
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - BC Reeves
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - JM Blazeby
- Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Marlborough Street, UK
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Pattnaik MR, Prasad KG, Dey M, Vadhera A. Comparison of the Outcome of Diathermy Versus Scalpel Skin Incision in Surgical Cases. Indian J Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-017-1707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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AbdElaal NK, Ellakwa HE, Elhalaby AF, Shaheen AE, Aish AH. Scalpel versus diathermy skin incision in Caesarean section. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:340-344. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1527298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser K. AbdElaal
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamed E. Ellakwa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - AllaaEldin F. Elhalaby
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - AbdElhameed E. Shaheen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Aish
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Resident of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Ministry of Health, Shoubra General Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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Ismail A, Abushouk AI, Elmaraezy A, Menshawy A, Menshawy E, Ismail M, Samir E, Khaled A, Zakarya H, El-Tonoby A, Ghanem E. Cutting electrocautery versus scalpel for surgical incisions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Res 2017; 220:147-163. [PMID: 29180177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cutting electrocautery can be superior to the scalpel in reducing blood loss and incisional time, several reports associated electrocautery with higher rates of wound infection, impaired healing, and worse cosmesis. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to compare cutting electrocautery versus scalpel for surgical incisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a computerized literature search of five electronic databases and included all published original studies comparing cutting electrocautery and scalpel surgical incisions. Relevant data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean difference (SMD) values in a meta-analysis model, using RevMan and Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. RESULTS Forty-one studies (36 randomized trials, four observational, and one quasirandom study) were included in the pooled analysis (6422 participants). Compared with the scalpel incision, cutting electrocautery resulted in significantly less blood loss (SMD = -1.16, 95% CI [-1.60 to -0.72]), shorter incisional (SMD = -0.63, 95% CI [-0.96 to -0.29]) and operative times (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI [-1.12 to -0.05]), and lower pain scores (SMD = -0.91, 95% CI [-1.27 to -0.55]) with no significant differences in terms of wound infection rates (OR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.74-1.15]) or overall subjective scar score (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI [-1.72 to 0.75]). CONCLUSIONS Surgical incision using electrocautery can be quicker with less blood loss and postoperative pain scores than the scalpel incision. No statistically significant difference was found between both techniques in terms of postoperative wound complications, hospital stay duration, and wound cosmetic characteristics. Therefore, we recommend routine use of cutting electrocautery for surgical incisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Ismail
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Azhar Medical Students' Association, Cairo, Egypt; NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Elmaraezy
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Azhar Medical Students' Association, Cairo, Egypt; NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amr Menshawy
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Azhar Medical Students' Association, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Menshawy
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Azhar Medical Students' Association, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Azhar Medical Students' Association, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Samir
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anas Khaled
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hagar Zakarya
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman El-Tonoby
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Azhar Medical Students' Association, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa Ghanem
- Al-Azhar Research Network, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Comparison of Colorado Microdissection Needle Versus Scalpel Incision for Aesthetic Upper and Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 33:430-433. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Panovski MJ, Fildishevski IV, Ognjenovic LL, Dejanova-Ilijevska VI. New Surgical Technologies Could Facilitate Surgical Hemostasis in Hemophilic Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:295-298. [PMID: 28698745 PMCID: PMC5503725 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It's assumed that surgery in haemophilia can be accomplished these days safely. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of new surgical technologies in the perioperative management and outcome of surgical procedures in haemophiliacs. METHODS Two patients with mild haemophilia A underwent surgery (laparoscopic appendectomy and inguinal hernia repair). In both patients, the replacement therapy, with factor VIII, started 30 min before surgery. We used the available surgical technologies and techniques with a proven value in the best clinical practice, to achieve proper and permanent hemostasis. Postoperatively, the replacement therapy and thromboembolic prophylaxis was continued according to the international guidelines for the management of haemophilia. RESULTS The operative and post-operative periods were uneventful. No significant differences were found in the operation time in our hemophilic patients versus non-hemophilic patients. Significant differences related to the hospital stay duration were found in both patients compared with controls, due to the necessary replacement therapy. CONCLUSION With new surgical technologies, proper and permanent hemostasis can be achieved, without prolonging the operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milcho J. Panovski
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Igor V. Fildishevski
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ljubomir Lj. Ognjenovic
- University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Violeta I. Dejanova-Ilijevska
- National Center for Hemophilia, Republic Institute for Transfusiology, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje 1109, Republic of Macedonia
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Scott JE, Swanson EA, Cooley J, Wills RW, Pearce EC. Healing of canine skin incisions made with monopolar electrosurgery versus scalpel blade. Vet Surg 2017; 46:520-529. [PMID: 28369982 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of monopolar electrosurgery in cutting mode set at 10, 20, or 30 W on surgery time, hemostasis, and healing of cutaneous wounds compared to scalpel incisions. STUDY DESIGN Randomized blinded control trial. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 15). METHODS Four skin incisions were created on either side of the dorsal midline with a scalpel, or monopolar electrosurgery at 10, 20, and 30 W. Surgical time and incisional bleeding were measured. Each incision was assessed daily for edema, erythema and discharge, and complications. Healing was evaluated via histology at 7 days. Results were analyzed for significance at P ≤ .05. RESULTS Surgical time and hemostasis were improved in all electrosurgery groups. Erythema was reduced in all electrosurgical incisions for days 1-4, but was greater in wounds created via electrosurgery at 20 W than those made with a scalpel blade by day 7. No difference was noted in the degree of edema or presence of wound discharge. All histologic variables of tissue healing were lower in electrosurgical incisions than scalpel incisions (P < .001). Ten incisional complications occurred, all associated with electrosurgery. CONCLUSIONS The use of monopolar electrosurgery at 10, 20, and 30 W in a cutting waveform improved hemostasis and surgical time when incising canine skin, but delayed healing and increased complications within the first 7 days compared to scalpel incisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Elizabeth A Swanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Jim Cooley
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Robert W Wills
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Emily C Pearce
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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Makai GE, Schaeffer KD, Sloan NL. Independent Learning of Electrosurgery in Gynecology: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gynecol Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2016.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen E. Makai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
| | | | - Nancy L. Sloan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
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Elbohoty AEH, Gomaa MF, Abdelaleim M, Abd-El-Gawad M, Elmarakby M. Diathermy versus scalpel in transverse abdominal incision in women undergoing repeated cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 41:1541-6. [PMID: 26446416 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the volume of blood loss, wound incision time and wound complication according to use of scalpel or electrosurgery during the creation of transverse abdominal incisions during repeated cesarean section (CS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was carried out at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. We recruited 130 women with a history of one previous CS at the time of their planned lower-segment CS. Participants were randomized to anterior abdominal wall opening from subcutaneous tissue till the peritoneum by either the use of scalpel with disposable blade (No. 22) or diathermy using the standard diathermy pen electrode. The main outcome measures were the volume of blood loss from skin incision to the end of the peritoneal incision, the operative time and wound complication. RESULTS We observed a highly significant difference between the two groups in blood loss (median [interquartile range], 11 [8-15.25] g for the diathermy group vs 20 [18-23] g for the scalpel group, P < 0.001) and skin-to-peritoneum incision time (median [interquartile range], 7 [5-7.25] min for the diathermy group vs 10 [7-11] min for the scalpel group, P < 0.001). The postoperative pain was less in the diathermy group but wound complications showed no statistical difference. CONCLUSION The use of diathermy in the opening of anterior abdominal wall during CS decreases blood loss and operative time but has no impact on postoperative pain or wound complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E H Elbohoty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa F Gomaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaleim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdi Abd-El-Gawad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elmarakby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
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Biz C, Fosser M, Dalmau-Pastor M, Corradin M, Rodà MG, Aldegheri R, Ruggieri P. Functional and radiographic outcomes of hallux valgus correction by mini-invasive surgery with Reverdin-Isham and Akin percutaneous osteotomies: a longitudinal prospective study with a 48-month follow-up. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:157. [PMID: 27919259 PMCID: PMC5139107 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) represents one of the most innovative surgical treatments of hallux valgus (HV). However, long-term outcomes still remain a matter of discussion within the orthopaedic community. The purpose of this longitudinal prospective study was to evaluate radiographic and functional outcomes in patients with mild-to-severe HV who underwent Reverdin-Isham and Akin percutaneous osteotomy, following exostosectomy and lateral release. METHODS Eighty patients with mild-to-severe symptomatic HV were treated by MIS. Clinical evaluation was assessed preoperatively, as well as at 3 and 12 months after surgery and at final follow-up of 48 months, using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux grading system. Patient satisfaction and complications were recorded. Computer-assisted measurement of antero-posterior radiographs was taken preoperatively, as well as at 3 and 12 months after surgery and at 48-month follow-up, analysing the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), the hallux valgus angle (HVA), the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) and the tibial sesamoid position. Also, the bridging bone/callus formation was evaluated at the different radiographic follow-ups, while the articular surface congruency and the metatarsal index were calculated only preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the visual analogue score (VAS). Statistical analysis was carried out using the paired t test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The mean AOFAS score was 87.15 points at the final follow-up of 48 months, and the VAS score was 8.35/10. The post-operative radiographic assessments showed a statistically significant improvement compared with preoperative values. The mean corrections of each angular value at the last follow-up were as follows: IMA 3.90°, HVA 12.50°, DMAA 4.72° and a tibial sesamoid position of 1.10. The articular surface was congruent in 77 (96.25%) cases and incongruent only in 3 (3.75%). The complete healing of the osteotomies was achieved in all series at 3-month follow-up. However, the results obtained in the correction of the severe HV deformities were less encouraging. CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive surgery with Reverdin-Isham and Akin percutaneous osteotomy, in combination with previous exostosectomy and subsequent lateral soft-tissue release, is a safe, effective and reliable procedure for correction of mild-to-moderate HV. However, it requires a long learning curve because of the inherent difficulty of the mixed different surgical procedures. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov PRS Protocol Registration and Results System: NCT02886221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Biz
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Fosser
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Miki Dalmau-Pastor
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Health Sciences Faculty of Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Corradin
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Rodà
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Padua Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Aldegheri
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Arya PK. Surgical Incision by High Frequency Cautery. Indian J Surg 2015; 77:1490. [PMID: 27011609 PMCID: PMC4775685 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-014-1059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kumar Arya
- SPS Apollo Hospital, Sherpur Chowk, GT Road, Ludhiana, 141003 Punjab India
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Abstract
There is an ongoing debate regarding the optimal instrument for scalp incisions: the scalpel or electrocautery. The argument generally focuses on improved healing after an incision made with a knife and decreased bleeding when using electrocautery. This study compares the use of scalpel and electrocautery in making coronal incisions for patients undergoing surgical correction of craniosynostosis. The outcome metric used is wound healing within 6 months after surgery. All patients presenting to the University of North Carolina Children's Hospital with craniosynostosis between July 1, 2007 and January 1, 2010 requiring a coronal incision for surgical correction were prospectively enrolled. In all of these patients, half of the coronal incision was made with knife; the other half, with needle tip cautery. Side of the incision was specified at the time of surgery in the operative report. Patients were excluded from the study if the instrument for incision was not specified or if only 1 modality was used for the entire incision. Sixty-eight patients underwent cranial vault reconstruction, of which 58 met inclusion criteria. Of the 58 matched pairs, 55 were analyzed statistically. The 3 excluded cases were those who had midline complications. There were 17 wound complications (15%): 8 in the knife group, 6 in the cautery group, and 3 at midline (with indeterminate side for the problem). We found no statistically significant difference in wound healing between incisions made with a knife or with electrocautery.
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Aird LNF, Bristol SG, Phang PT, Raval MJ, Brown CJ. Randomized double-blind trial comparing the cosmetic outcome of cutting diathermy versus scalpel for skin incisions. Br J Surg 2015; 102:489-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Controversy exists about whether cutting diathermy for skin incisions leads to a cosmetically inferior scar. Cosmetic outcomes were compared between skin incisions created with cutting diathermy versus scalpel. Wound infection rates and postoperative incisional pain were also compared.
Methods
This was a randomized double-blind trial comparing cutting diathermy and scalpel in patients undergoing bowel resection. Scar cosmesis was assessed at 6 months after surgery by a plastic surgeon and a research associate using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Patients also used POSAS to self-evaluate their scars. Wound infections within 30 days were recorded, and incision pain scores were measured on the first 5 days after operation.
Results
A total of 66 patients were randomized to cutting diathermy (31) or scalpel (35). At 6 months, there was no significant difference between the diathermy and scalpel groups in mean(s.d.) VSS scores (4·9(2·6) versus 5·0(1·9); P = 0·837), mean POSAS total scores (19·2(8·0) versus 20·0(7·4); P = 0·684) or subjective POSAS total scores (20·2(12·1) versus 21·3(10·4); P = 0·725). Neither were there significant differences in wound infection rates between the groups (5 of 30 versus 5 of 32; P = 1·000). Pain scores on day 1 after operation were significantly lower in the diathermy group (mean 1·68 versus 3·13; P = 0·018), but were not significantly different on days 2–5.
Conclusion
Cutting diathermy is a cosmetically acceptable technique for abdominal skin incisions. There is no increased risk of wound infection, and diathermy may convey benefit in terms of early postoperative wound pain. Registration number: NCT01496404 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- L N F Aird
- Divisions of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S G Bristol
- Divisions of Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P T Phang
- Divisions of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M J Raval
- Divisions of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J Brown
- Divisions of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Dissection Technique for Abdominoplasty: A Prospective Study on Scalpel versus Diathermocoagulation (Coagulation Mode). PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2015; 3:e299. [PMID: 25674380 PMCID: PMC4323403 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dissection technique on outcomes and complications after a full abdominoplasty, comparing 2 different techniques used to raise the abdominal flap: the steel scalpel and the diathermocoagulation device on coagulation mode. Methods: A prospective study was performed at a single center from January 2009 to December 2011 of patients submitted to abdominoplasty with umbilical transposition. Two groups were identified: group A, abdominoplasty performed with steel scalpel/knife; and group B, abdominoplasty performed with diathermocoagulation on coagulation mode. Several variables were determined: general characteristics, time until drain removal, daily and total volume of drain output, length of hospital stay, operative time, readmission, reoperation, emergency department visits, and local and systemic complications. Results: A total of 119 full abdominoplasties were performed in women (group A, 39 patients; group B, 80 patients). There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to general characteristics, except for body mass index, comorbidities, and weight of the surgical specimen; there were no differences for operative time, systemic complications, hematoma, and necrosis incidence. The scalpel group had a highly significant reduction of 54.56% on total drain output, and a 2.65 day reduction on time to drain removal and no reported cases of seroma or healing problems (difference of 81.25% and 90.00%, respectively, between the 2 groups). Conclusions: Performing abdominal dissection with scalpel had a beneficial effect on patient recovery, as it reduced time requested for drain removal, total drain output, and incidence of seroma and wound healing problems.
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Talpur AA, Khaskheli AB, Kella N, Jamal A. Randomized, clinical trial on diathermy and scalpel incisions in elective general surgery. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e14078. [PMID: 25834739 PMCID: PMC4376978 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since a long time skin incisions have routinely been made with scalpels. Now a day there is a shift in trend from this method to electrosurgical skin incisions. However, fear of bad scars and improper wound healing has prevented its wide spread use. This Study aimed to compare both methods of skin incisions for different variables. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine incisional time, blood loss during incision and postoperative wound complications and pain with both methods of skin incision. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, comparative and randomized study was conducted at different hospitals of Hyderabad and Nawabshah, Pakistan from 1(st) of December 2009 to 30(th) of November 2011. The study included patients of either sex above the age of five years with general surgical pathology who were to undergo surgery. these candidates were randomly put into two groups. In Group A patients incision was made with a scalpel and in group B with diathermy. Data was analyzed for age, sex, comorbid illness, incisional time, blood loss during incision making and postoperative pain and wound complications. RESULTS A total of 283 patients completed the follow-up and were included in the final analysis. Group A comprised of 143 (50.53%) patients; 83 (58%) males and 60 (42%) females with a mean age of 36.03 years. Amongst the 140 patients of group B, there were 85 (60.7%) males and 55 (39.3%) females with a mean age of 36.52 years. Twenty-five (17.48%) patients of group A and 27 (19.28%) of group B had comorbid illnesses. Mean incision time was 8.9025-sec/cm(2) for group A and 7.3057 sec/cm(2) for group B patients. Mean blood loss during incision making was 1.8262 mL/cm(2) and 1.1346 mL/cm(2) for group A and B patients, respectively. Pain was 5.2957 for group A patients on day one and 3.1181 for group B patients. Pain score was 2.1049 and 1.6206 on day two and 0.8191 and 0.7192 on day five, for group A and B patients, respectively. Postoperative wound complications were noticed in 26 (18.18%) patients of group A and 22 (15.71%) patients of group B. CONCLUSIONS Diathermy incision is a safe and expedient technique. It takes less time than scalpel incision and loss of blood is also lower during incision. Diathermy is associated with lesser post-operative pain and complications than the scalpel incision. Diathermy should be method of choice in general elective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Ahmed Talpur
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basir Khaskheli
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Nandlal Kella
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Akmal Jamal
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Advanced Cutting Effect System versus Cold Steel Scalpel: Comparative Wound Healing and Scar Formation in Targeted Surgical Applications. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e234. [PMID: 25426351 PMCID: PMC4236379 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Use of electrosurgery for skin incisions has been controversial due to concerns of delayed healing, excessive scarring, and increased infection. Recent studies using modern electrosurgical generators that produce pure sinusoidal “CUT” waveforms have shown reductions in thermal damage along incisions made with these devices compared with their predecessors. This study compares scar formation in incisions made using a cold steel scalpel (CSS) or the ACE Blade and Mega Power Generator (ACE system, Megadyne Medical Products, Draper, Utah) from patient and blinded observer perspectives. Methods: Subjects seeking plastic surgery were enrolled in the study. Incisions on one side of each subject’s body were made with a CSS while equivalent incisions on the contralateral side were made with the ACE system. Differences between incision methods were evaluated by assessment of scar formation by observers and assessment of patient satisfaction relating to scar formation at 120 days postsurgery. Results: Observers rated incision vascularization, pigmentation, thickness, and relief. The mean observer score (± SD) of incisions made with the ACE system was 11.1 ± 4.4 while that of incisions made with the CSS was 10.8 ± 3.7 (P < 0.0001). Patients rated incision pain, itching, discoloration, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity. The mean patient score of incisions made with the ACE system was 9.4 ± 9.2 while that of incisions made with the CSS was 9.3 ± 8.5 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Results showed noninferior wound healing/scar formation in skin incisions made with the ACE system compared with incisions made with a CSS.
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Surgical site infection: An observer-blind, randomized trial comparing electrocautery and conventional scalpel. Int J Surg 2014; 12:681-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stupart DA, Sim FW, Chan ZH, Guest GD, Watters DA. Cautery versus scalpel for abdominal skin incisions: a double blind, randomized crossover trial of scar cosmesis. ANZ J Surg 2013; 86:303-6. [PMID: 24165306 DOI: 10.1111/ans.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any difference in cosmetic outcome between using cutting diathermy and using a scalpel to make abdominal skin incisions. METHOD This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover study. The primary end point was wound cosmesis as judged by the patient. In each case, one-half of the skin incision was made using diathermy, and one-half using a scalpel blade. Patients were contacted at 6 months post-operatively, and were asked which half of the wound looked better to them. A panel of 18 surgeons was also shown photographs of the wounds taken after 6 months, and were asked the same question. RESULTS Of the 31 patients with complete follow-up, 11 (35%) reported no difference between the two halves of the wound. Nine (29%) preferred the half incised with diathermy, and 11 (35%) preferred the half incised with the scalpel (P = 0.82, chi-squared test). Twenty-four patients consented to having their wound photographed. There was no difference in the surgeons' preference between the diathermy and scalpel halves of the incision (P = 0.35, signed-rank test). CONCLUSION We found the use of cutting diathermy to make abdominal skin incisions to be cosmetically equivalent to cutting with the scalpel. As previous studies have not shown adverse wound outcomes using this technique, and considering the safety concerns for theatre staff when the scalpel is used, the routine use of cutting diathermy for skin incisions in abdominal surgery is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Stupart
- Department of Surgery, Geelong Hospital and Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felix W Sim
- Department of Surgery, Geelong Hospital and Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng H Chan
- Department of Surgery, Geelong Hospital and Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Guest
- Department of Surgery, Geelong Hospital and Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Watters
- Department of Surgery, Geelong Hospital and Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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