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Christoffersen MW, Henriksen NA. Treatment of primary ventral and incisional hernias. Br J Surg 2023; 110:1419-1421. [PMID: 37178163 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia A Henriksen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Diseases, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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2
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Campanile FC, Podda M, Pecchini F, Inama M, Molfino S, Bonino MA, Ortenzi M, Silecchia G, Agresta F, Cinquini M. Laparoscopic treatment of ventral hernias: the Italian national guidelines. Updates Surg 2023:10.1007/s13304-023-01534-3. [PMID: 37217637 PMCID: PMC10202362 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary and incisional ventral hernias are significant public health issues for their prevalence, variability of professional practices, and high costs associated with the treatment In 2019, the Board of Directors of the Italian Society for Endoscopic Surgery (SICE) promoted the development of new guidelines on the laparoscopic treatment of ventral hernias, according to the new national regulation. In 2022, the guideline was accepted by the government agency, and it was published, in Italian, on the SNLG website. Here, we report the adopted methodology and the guideline's recommendations, as established in its diffusion policy. This guideline is produced according to the methodology indicated by the SNGL and applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. Fifteen recommendations were produced as a result of 4 PICO questions. The level of recommendation was conditional for 12 of them and conditional to moderate for one. This guideline's strengths include relying on an extensive systematic review of the literature and applying a rigorous GRADE method. It also has several limitations. The literature on the topic is continuously and rapidly evolving; our results are based on findings that need constant re-appraisal. It is focused only on minimally invasive techniques and cannot consider broader issues (e.g., diagnostics, indication for surgery, pre-habilitation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cesare Campanile
- Division of General Surgery, ASL Viterbo, San Giovanni Decollato-Andosilla Hospital, Civita Castellana, Italy
| | - Mauro Podda
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecchini
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency and New Technologies, Baggiovara General Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Inama
- General and Mininvasive Surgery Department, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Molfino
- General Surgery Unit Chirurgia III, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Monica Ortenzi
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michela Cinquini
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Methodology of Sistematic Reviews and Guidelines Production, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS., Milan, Italy
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3
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Stephens I, Conroy J, Winter D, Simms C, Bucholc M, Sugrue M. Prophylactic onlay mesh placement techniques for optimal abdominal wall closure: randomized controlled trial in an ex vivo biomechanical model. Br J Surg 2023; 110:568-575. [PMID: 36918293 PMCID: PMC10683942 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernias occur after up to 40 per cent of laparotomies. Recent RCTs have demonstrated the role of prophylactic mesh placement in reducing the risk of developing an incisional hernia. An onlay approach is relatively straightforward; however, a variety of techniques have been described for mesh fixation. The biomechanical properties have not been interrogated extensively to date. METHODS This ex vivo randomized controlled trial using porcine abdominal wall investigated the biomechanical properties of three techniques for prophylactic onlay mesh placement at laparotomy closure. A classical onlay, anchoring onlay, and novel bifid onlay approach were compared with small-bite primary closure. A biomechanical abdominal wall model and ball burst test were used to assess transverse stretch, bursting force, and loading characteristics. RESULTS Mesh placement took an additional 7-15 min compared with standard primary closure. All techniques performed similarly, with no clearly superior approach. The minimum burst force was 493 N, and the maximum 1053 N. The classical approach had the highest mean burst force (mean(s.d.) 853(152) N). Failure patterns fell into either suture-line or tissue failures. Classical and anchoring techniques provided a second line of defence in the event of primary suture failure, whereas the bifid method demonstrated a more compliant loading curve. All mesh approaches held up at extreme quasistatic loads. CONCLUSION Subtle differences in biomechanical properties highlight the strengths of each closure type and suggest possible uses. The failure mechanisms seen here support the known hypotheses for early fascial dehiscence. The influence of dynamic loading needs to be investigated further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Stephens
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Jack Conroy
- Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des Winter
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Simms
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Magda Bucholc
- EU INTERREG Centre for Personalized Medicine, Intelligent Systems Research Centre, School of Computing, Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, UK
| | - Michael Sugrue
- Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
- Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Ireland
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Christopher AN, Sanchez J, Fischer JP. A Biomechanical Analysis of Prophylactic Mesh Reinforced Porcine Laparotomy Incisions. J Surg Res 2022; 278:196-205. [PMID: 35617785 PMCID: PMC9580392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that prophylactic mesh may help prevent incisional hernia after laparotomy, but best practice patterns in these situations are still evolving. Here, we compare the failure loads (FLs) and biomechanical stiffness (BMS) of 35 porcine abdominal wall laparotomy incisions reinforced with meshes of various widths and fixation distances using biomechanical testing. METHODS In each specimen, a 10-cm incision was made and closed using continuous 1-0 Maxon suture. Specimens were randomized to mesh width (none, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm) and tack separation (1.5 cm, 2 cm apart) and the meshes secured in an onlay fashion. Cyclic loads oscillating from 15 N to 140 N were applied to simulate abdominal wall stress, and the specimens subsequently loaded to failure. FLs (N) and BMS (N/mm) were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS All specimens failed via suture pull-through. FLs and BMS were lowest in specimens with suture-only (421.43 N; 11.69 N/mm). FLs and BMS were significantly higher in 4-cm mesh specimens (567.51 N) than those with suture, 2.5-cm, and 3.0-cm mesh (all P < 0.05). FLs in specimens with a greater number of tacks were consistently higher in meshes of similar sizes, although these did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS A 4-cm mesh reenforcement was superior to suture-only and smaller meshes at preserving strength in laparotomy closure in a porcine model but larger meshes (6 cm, 8 cm) did not provide an additional benefit. Meshes with more fixation points may be advantageous, but additional data are needed to make definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne N Christopher
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - John P Fischer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Lesch C, Uhr K, Vollmer M, Raschidi R, Nessel R, Kallinowski F. Standardized suturing can prevent slackening or bursting suture lines in midline abdominal incisions and defects. Hernia 2022; 26:1611-1623. [PMID: 35997898 PMCID: PMC9684257 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-022-02659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Incisional hernias often follow open abdominal surgery. A small-stitch–small-bite suture might close the incision durably. We analyzed specific details of this closure technique and assessed their influence on the closure stability. Methods The effects of cyclic loads, simulating coughs were investigated on a bench test. We prepared porcine bellies in the median line and bovine flanks parallel to the muscle fibers with 15 cm long incisions. Then we punched round or rhomboid defects with a diameter of 5–10 cm into the center of the incision. Monomax® 2–0 and Maxon® 1 and 2–0 were used as suture materials. We tested the durability of the closure with pressure impacts of 210 mmHg repeated 425 times. Throughout the experiments, we modified the suturing technique, the surgeon, the tissue tension, the defect size and shape and the suture diameter. Results Standardizing the suture technique improved the durability of the closure significantly. Any other variations showed minor influences after standardization. All incisions with round defects up to 7.5 cm width withstood 425 impacts using standardized suturing. Unstandardized sutures failed in all cases. When closing an incision with a 10 cm wide defect, the tissues ruptured frequently next to the suture line. We defined criteria to standardize this suturing technique. For the first time, we developed a suture factor related to the durability of a sutured tissue closure. We integrated the suture factor into the concept of biomechanically durable repairs. Conclusions Suturing the abdominal wall with a standardized suturing technique improves its durability significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lesch
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - K Uhr
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Vollmer
- Hamburg University of Technology, Biomechanics, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Raschidi
- Department Allgemein- Und Viszeralchirurgie, Spital Walenstadt, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - R Nessel
- General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Klinikum Am Gesundbrunnen, Am Gesundbrunnen 20-26, 74078, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - F Kallinowski
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kirilova-Doneva M, Pashkouleva D. The effects of age and sex on the elastic mechanical properties of human abdominal fascia. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 92:105591. [PMID: 35131681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abdominal hernias become more prevalent with age, that can adversely affect life quality. The mechanical properties of abdominal wall layers are supposed to play a significant role in developing of an abdominal hernia.The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of the human abdominal layer - fascia and the effects of age and sex on it for choosing the proper brand of hernia mesh. METHODS 78 samples harvested from 19 fresh cadavers were subjected to uniaxial tension tests and divided into four groups according to age. Group A corresponds to age up to 60 years, Group B to age 61-70 years, Group C to age 71-80 years and Group D to 81-90 years. Median stress-stretch ratio curves with respect to age, sex and direction of loading were obtained. Median values of the maximum tensile stress, stretch at maximum stress and elastic modulus calculated at 5% strain were determined. FINDINGS The abdominal fascia showed large variations between specimens depending on age and sex. The stiffness of the fascia increased with age. There is statistically significant differences between the median curves of male samples (P = 0.008) and female samples (P = 0.019) according to age in the L direction. Statistically significant differences between the values of maximum stress (P = 0.01) and elastic modulus (P = 0.003) from Group C in the L direction and maximum stress (P = 0.03) from Group D in the T direction was established. INTERPRETATION The female samples are stiffer than male samples especially after 80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena Kirilova-Doneva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Qandeel H, Chew C, Tanner KE, O'Dwyer PJ. Testing meshes in a computer model of a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:4124-4128. [PMID: 34528129 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal mesh for hernia repair has yet to be found, in addition our knowledge of the biomechanics of the abdominal wall is poor. The aim of this study was to develop a computer model of a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and to test different meshes in that model at various intra-abdominal pressures. METHODS Four meshes were tested in a computer model of a ventral hernia. Mechanical failure testing of each mesh was performed in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. A CT scan of a patient with a 5 cm umbilical hernia was used to generate a 3 dimensional model. Meshes were then applied to the model in an intraperitoneal onlay position with a 5 cm overlap. The model was then tested with intraabdominal pressures for standing, coughing and jumping with and without meshes. RESULTS Meshes varied significantly (p < 0.001) in both rupture force 14.8 (5.6) to 78 (5) n/cm and force in which they changed from elastic to plastic 1.6 (0.1) to 14.2 (0.2) n/cm. When applied to the computer model all significantly reduced the strain on the abdominal wall from 17.5% without mesh to less than 1% with mesh. All meshes prevented the hernia from bulging in the model. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a computer model of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair based on engineering principles. This model demonstrated that meshes tested significantly reduced the strain on the abdominal wall. Further studies are required to refine this model in order to best simulate the biomechanics of the abdominal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Chew
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K E Tanner
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patrick J O'Dwyer
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Kallinowski F, Gutjahr D, Harder F, Sabagh M, Ludwig Y, Lozanovski VJ, Löffler T, Rinn J, Görich J, Grimm A, Vollmer M, Nessel R. The Grip Concept of Incisional Hernia Repair-Dynamic Bench Test, CT Abdomen With Valsalva and 1-Year Clinical Results. Front Surg 2021; 8:602181. [PMID: 33937312 PMCID: PMC8080034 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.602181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Incisional hernia is a frequent consequence of major surgery. Most repairs augment the abdominal wall with artificial meshes fixed to the tissues with sutures, tacks, or glue. Pain and recurrences plague at least 10-20% of the patients after repair of the abdominal defect. How should a repair of incisional hernias be constructed to achieve durability? Incisional hernia repair can be regarded as a compound technique. The biomechanical properties of a compound made of tissue, textile, and linking materials vary to a large extent. Tissues differ in age, exercise levels, and comorbidities. Textiles are currently optimized for tensile strength, but frequently fail to provide tackiness, dynamic stiction, and strain resistance to pulse impacts. Linking strength with and without fixation devices depends on the retention forces between surfaces to sustain stiction under dynamic load. Impacts such a coughing or sharp bending can easily overburden clinically applied composite structures and can lead to a breakdown of incisional hernia repair. Our group developed a bench test with tissues, fixation, and textiles using dynamic intermittent strain (DIS), which resembles coughing. Tissue elasticity, the size of the hernia under pressure, and the area of instability of the abdominal wall of the individual patient was assessed with low-dose computed tomography of the abdomen preoperatively. A surgical concept was developed based on biomechanical considerations. Observations in a clinical registry based on consecutive patients from four hospitals demonstrate low failure rates and low pain levels after 1 year. Here, results from the bench test, the application of CT abdomen with Valsalva's maneuver, considerations of the surgical concept, and the clinical application of our approach are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kallinowski
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Gutjahr
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Harder
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sabagh
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannique Ludwig
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir J Lozanovski
- General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,General and Visceral Surgery, Gesundheitszentren Rhein-Neckar (GRN) Hospital Eberbach, Eberbach, Germany
| | - Thorsten Löffler
- General and Visceral Surgery, Gesundheitszentren Rhein-Neckar (GRN) Hospital Eberbach, Eberbach, Germany
| | - Johannes Rinn
- General and Visceral Surgery, Kreiskrankenhaus Bergstrasse (KKB) Hospital Bergstrasse, Heppenheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Vollmer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Regine Nessel
- General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Klinikum Am Gesundbrunnen, Heilbronn, Germany
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Lubowiecka I, Tomaszewska A, Szepietowska K, Szymczak C, Śmietański M. In vivo performance of intraperitoneal onlay mesh after ventral hernia repair. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 78:105076. [PMID: 32535476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventral hernia repair needs to be improved since recurrence, postoperative pain and other complications are still reported in many patients. The behavior of implants in vivo is not sufficiently understood to design a surgical mesh mechanically compatible with the human abdominal wall. METHODS This analysis was based on radiological pictures of patients who underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. The pictures show the trunk of the patient at rest in a standing position and under side bending. The change in the distance between different tacks due to trunk movement was analyzed, which allowed us to determine the in vivo elongation of the mesh incorporated into the abdominal wall. FINDINGS The relative elongations of the surgical mesh varied from a few percent to greater than 100% in two cases. The median of the median relative elongations obtained for all patients is 9.5%, and the median of the maximum relative elongations for all patients is 32.6%. The maximum elongation occurs between tacks that are next to each other. Trunk movement causes implant deformation, and this study provides quantitative information regarding changes in the distance between fasteners. INTERPRETATION The physiological movement of the human abdomen must be regarded as a very important factor in mesh deformation and should be considered in surgical practice to reduce the hernia recurrence rate and postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Lubowiecka
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szepietowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Czesław Szymczak
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Śmietański
- Medical University of Gdańsk, 2(nd) Department of Radiology, Hospital Swissmed S.A., Department of Surgery, Poland
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10
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Kallinowski F, Gutjahr D, Vollmer M, Harder F, Nessel R. Increasing hernia size requires higher GRIP values for a biomechanically stable ventral hernia repair. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 42:1-6. [PMID: 31061707 PMCID: PMC6488564 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing hernia sizes lead to higher recurrence rates after ventral hernia repair. A better grip might reduce the failure rates. Material and methods A biomechanical model delivering dynamic intermittent strain (DIS) was used to assess grip values at various hernia orifices. The model consists of a water-filled aluminium cylinder covered with tissues derived from pig bellies which are punched with a central defect varying in diameter. DIS was applied mimicking coughs lasting for up to 2 s with peak pressures between 180 and 220 mmHg and a plateau phase of 0.1 s. Ventral hernia repair was simulated with hernia meshes in the sublay position secured by tacks, glue or sutures as needed to achieve certain grip values. Grip was calculated taking into account the mesh: defect area ratio and the fixation strength. Data were assessed using non-parametric statistics. Results Using a mesh classified as highly stable upon DIS testing (DIS class A) a reduced overlap without fixation led to early slippage (p < 0.001). With the application of 16 fixation points, transmural sutures were better than tacks with Securestrap® being better than Absorbatack® (p < 0.001). Plotting the likelihood of a durable repair as a function of the calculated grip higher grip values were needed with increasing hernia diameter to achieve biomechanical stability. This is important for clinical work since the calculated grip values both from a registry and from published data tend to drop as hernia sizes increase indicating biomechanical instability. Conclusion The experimental work reported here demonstrates for the first time that higher grip values should be reached when repairing larger ventral hernias.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kallinowski
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Gutjahr
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Vollmer
- Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Biomechanik, Eissendorferstrasse 38, D-21075, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Harder
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - R Nessel
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Cooney GM, Kiernan A, Winter DC, Simms CK. Optimized wound closure using a biomechanical abdominal model. Br J Surg 2018; 105:395-400. [PMID: 29488649 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suturing techniques for midline abdominal wall incisions vary between surgeons. This study uses a biomechanical abdominal model to assess tissue stretch using different suturing techniques for midline laparotomy closure. METHODS Deformation tests were performed on the linea alba of 48 porcine abdominal walls. Each pattern was tested three times at pressures ranging from 0 to 20 kPa using different continuous suturing techniques and a control. RESULTS There was a sevenfold improvement when the best performing bite separation and bite width ([5, 16] mm) was compared with the most poorly performing combination ([15, 4] mm). The traditional bite and width separation ([10, 10] mm) and the recently proposed combination ([5, 5] mm) may not be optimal, and substantial improvements in surgical outcome may be achieved by changing to a [5,16]-mm combination. CONCLUSION These findings suggest using a small bite separation (5 mm) and large bite width (16 mm) during abdominal wound closure may be optimal. Surgical relevance Suturing techniques for midline abdominal wall incisions vary between surgeons. This experimental study suggests substantial potential for improved tissue apposition by changing the suturing approach from the traditional clinical recommendation of 10 mm for both bite separation and bite width to a bite separation of 5 mm and a bite width of 16 mm. These findings support recent European Hernia Society guidelines and the recent randomized STITCH (Suture Techniques to Reduce the Incidence of The inCisional Hernia) trial, which found that small separations are more effective than large separations, but suggest that they should be combined with large bite depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Cooney
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Kiernan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D C Winter
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C K Simms
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Yuan Y, Zuo J, Dai W, Feng W, Xiong W, Tan J, Tan M. Deperitoneum biological mesh repair for abdominal wall hernia: a novel wound healing promotion idea. MINIM INVASIV THER 2018; 28:143-150. [PMID: 30307355 DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2018.1481093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nowadays, biological matrix has become more widely applied than synthetic mesh for the surgical management of ventral hernia. Conventionally, such biodegradable matrix is commonly placed in an intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal position to reinforce the abdominal wall during surgery. Herein, we introduce our novel idea to deliver such biological material. MATERIAL AND METHODS After contrast-enhanced CT-scan via lateral decubitus confirmed the position of ventral hernias, 11 patients underwent deperitoneum biological mesh repair by open or laparoscopic approach. During surgery, biological material was placed in preperitoneal position with elimination of matrix-covered peritoneum meanwhile. No bridge repair was allowed for this technique. Postoperative complications were prospectively documented. RESULTS Laparoscopic and open repair were performed in six and five patients, respectively. The mean operative time was 115 min, with no significant difference between the two procedures. All patients had quick recovery and returned to their normal life, with median five days (range, 3-12 days) of hospital stay after surgery. Although wound dehiscence and chronic pain occurred in three (27.3%) patients, no additional surgery was required. No recurrence case was observed within the one-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION This novel approach could be safely performed in ventral hernia patients. Early evaluation of this surgical technique demonstrates quick recovery and minimal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yuan
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
| | - Jidong Zuo
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
| | - Weigang Dai
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
| | - Weidong Feng
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
| | - Weixin Xiong
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
| | - Jinfu Tan
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
| | - Min Tan
- a Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510080 , P.R. China
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Tomaszewska A, Lubowiecka I, Szymczak C. Mechanics of mesh implanted into abdominal wall under repetitive load. Experimental and numerical study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1400-1409. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Gdańsk University of TechnologyFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Structural Mechanics Narutowicza 11/12, 80‐233, Gdańsk Poland
| | - Izabela Lubowiecka
- Gdańsk University of TechnologyFaculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Structural Mechanics Narutowicza 11/12, 80‐233, Gdańsk Poland
| | - Czesław Szymczak
- Gdańsk University of TechnologyFaculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Department of Structural Mechanics Narutowicza 11/12, 80‐233, Gdańsk Poland
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Kallinowski F, Harder F, Gutjahr D, Raschidi R, Silva TG, Vollmer M, Nessel R. Assessing the GRIP of Ventral Hernia Repair: How to Securely Fasten DIS Classified Meshes. Front Surg 2018; 4:78. [PMID: 29404336 PMCID: PMC5780431 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrences are frequently observed after ventral hernia repair. Based on clinical data, the mesh–defect area ratio (MDAR) can lead to lower recurrence rates. Using dynamic intermittent strain (DIS) in a pig tissue model, MDAR can be modified to give a measure called grip to better assess the mechanical stability of ventral hernia repair. The focus of this experimental study is to assess the different aspects of mesh overlap (OL) and fixation only in bridging repair of ventral hernias. DIS mimics coughing actions in an ex vivo model with the repetition of submaximal impacts delivered via a hydraulically driven plastic containment. Tissue derived from pig bellies simulates a ventral hernia with varying defect sizes. MDAR is calculated from the hernia orifice and the mesh OL. Commercially available meshes were strengthened with glue, tacks, and sutures to bridge the defects. The reconstructions are strained with up to 425 dynamic impacts. The grip of each repair is assessed using MDAR modified by the strength of the fixation. The DIS classification is based on bridging of a 5 cm ventral hernia orifice with an OL of 5 cm in a sublay position. The classification discriminates meshes properties upon DIS strain. MDAR is calculated to be 9 under these conditions. Decreasing the OL or increasing the hernia orifice reduces MDAR to numbers below 9. MDAR is modified to reach GRIP. Closure of the peritoneum adds about 4 to the grip given by MDAR. The multiplying factor of a transmural suture or one tack of Securestrap® or Protack® is 0.5 times the number of tacks applied. The multiplier given by a bonding spot of Glubran® is similar to that of an Absorbatack® being 0.33. Plotting the likelihood of a bridging repair to survive more than 400 DIS impacts versus the grip estimated from the factors given above, the grip to be passed for a durable repair is 10 for Parietex Progrip®, and Dynamesh Cicat® and 25 for Dynamesh IPOM®. Clinical data previously published can be reculculated to assess MDAR and permit an estimation of the grip of the reconstruction. In these recalculations, a correlation between MDAR and long-term recurrence rates is found. A dimensionless number called grip can be calculated. The grip can be modified by fixation in a reproducible way. A higher grip can improve the durability of ventral hernia repair. We believe that a higher grip leads to lower recurrence rates in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kallinowski
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Harder
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Gutjahr
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Raschidi
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T G Silva
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Vollmer
- Institut für Biomechanik, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Regine Nessel
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Visceral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bridging with reduced overlap: fixation and peritoneal grip can prevent slippage of DIS class A meshes. Hernia 2017; 21:455-467. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-017-1583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Cooney GM, Lake SP, Thompson DM, Castile RM, Winter DC, Simms CK. The suture pullout characteristics of human and porcine linea alba. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 68:103-114. [PMID: 28157595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a substantial prevalence of post-operative incisional hernia for both laparoscopic and laparotomy procedures, but there have been few attempts at quantifying abdominal wound closure methodology in the literature. One method to ascertain a more robust method of wound closure is the identification of the influence of suture placement parameters on suture pullout force. Current surgical practice involves a recommended bite depth and bite separation of 10mm, but the evidence base for this is not clear. In this paper, the suture pullout characteristics of both porcine and human linea alba were investigated to ascertain a suture placement protocol for surgical wound closure. Uniaxial suture pullout force testing on fresh frozen porcine and human linea alba samples was performed using standard materials testing machines. The influence of the number of suture loops, the bite depth and the bite separation of the sutures and the orientation of the sutures with respect to the principal fibre direction in the linea alba were assessed. Results showed a clearly identifiable relationship between pullout force of the suture, bite separation and bite depth, with low suture separation and high suture depth as optimal parameters for increasing pullout force. Resistance to pullout could be improved by as much as 290% when optimizing test conditions. Both human and porcine tissue were observed to exhibit very similar pullout force characteristics, corroborating the use of a porcine model for investigations into wound closure methodology. Orientation of suture application was also found to significantly affect the magnitude of suture pullout, with suturing applied longitudinally across a transverse defect resulting in higher pullout forces for small suture bite separations. Although further assessment in an environment more representative of in vivo conditions is required, these findings indicate that increasing the bite depth and reducing the bite separation with respect to the current surgical recommendations may reduce the risk of post-operative incisional hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Cooney
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Dominic M Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Ryan M Castile
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Des C Winter
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ciaran K Simms
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Assessment of predictive factors for recurrence in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using a bridging technique. Surg Endosc 2017; 31:3656-3663. [PMID: 28078462 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-5401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the long-term incidence and predictive factors for recurrence after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using a bridging technique. METHODS The study group consisted of 213 consecutive patients operated by laparoscopy for primary ventral (n = 158) or incisional hernia (n = 55) between 2001 and 2014. Patients had a repair without fascia closure by intra-peritoneal onlay placement of a Parietex® composite mesh centred on the defect with an overlap of at least 3 cm. Clinical outcome was assessed by a combination of office consultation, patient's electronic medical file review and telephone interview. RESULTS There were 144 men and 69 women with a mean age of 55 ± 12 years and a BMI of 32 ± 6. With a mean follow-up of 69 ± 44 months, a recurrent hernia was noted in 16 patients (7.5%). Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant higher recurrence rate in the following conditions: incisional hernia (15%), BMI ≥ 35 (21%), defect width >4 cm (27%), defect area >20 cm2 (27%), mesh overlap <5 cm (32%) and ratio of mesh area to defect area (M/D ratio) ≤12 (48%). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that M/D ratio was the only independent predictive factor for recurrence (coefficient -0.79, OR 0.46, p < 0.002). With a M/D ratio ≤8, between 9 and 12, between 13 and 16, and ≥17, the recurrence rate was, respectively, 70, 35, 9 and 0% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia using a bridging technique, an overlap of at least 5 cm is not all that is required to prevent hernia recurrence. The M/D ratio is the most important predictive factor for recurrence. A ratio of 13 appears as the threshold under which that technique cannot be recommended and 16 as the threshold over which the risk of recurrence is virtually nil. If a satisfactory M/D ratio cannot be achieved, other surgical repair should be proposed to the patient.
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Cooney GM, Lake SP, Thompson DM, Castile RM, Winter DC, Simms CK. Uniaxial and biaxial tensile stress–stretch response of human linea alba. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 63:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jentzsch T, Geiger J, Werner CML. Synthetic meshes in the treatment of postoperative fascial dehiscence of the spine. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2016; 30:BMR728. [PMID: 27392842 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-160728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fascial dehiscence after spinal instrumentation is usually located at the mechanically stressed interscapular thoracic spine and often causes cosmetic impairment and pain. However, therapy options remain barely discussed. Synthetic meshes have been successfully used in the treatment of abdominal hernias. OBJECTIVE It was hypothesized that synthetic meshes are a successful treatment option for spinal fascial dehiscence. METHODS This retrospective study of a prospective database investigated all consecutive patients who received a synthetic mesh for a fascial dehiscence of the spine between 2010 and 2014 after prior spinal instrumentation. Primary outcomes were healing of the fascial dehiscence, recurrence, infection, revision, subjective satisfaction on a visual analog scale (VAS), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Among others, secondary outcomes consisted of seroma formation and return to work. The evaluated risk factors consisted of the body mass index (BMI), outer abdominal fat (OAF), back tissue, smoking, immunomodulatory therapy, preoperative radiation dose, and instrumented levels. RESULTS Sixteen patients with a mean follow up of 24 months were included. Every fascial dehiscence successfully healed with the synthetic mesh and there were no recurrences, infections or revisions. The mean subjective satisfaction level was VAS 7.3 and the mean ODI was 26%. Five (31%) patients had a seroma postoperatively, but did not show any differences in the outcome (e.g. ODI of 28%). In the patient group < 65 years (n = 12), all but two patients, who had work restrictions due to other diseases, regained at least some capacity to work. Worse ODI scores were found for patients with increased BMI, OAF, back tissue, cortisone therapy, instrumented levels, preoperative radiation dose, and for smokers. CONCLUSION Synthetic meshes are a successful treatment option for spinal fascial dehiscence, even seemingly in patients with a higher risk profile such as obese and immunocompromised patients as well as in revision procedures. They are associated with respectable cosmetic results, pain relief and clinical outcome. Postoperatively, it is recommended to leave drains for more than five to seven days in order to avoid seroma formation and to avoid weight training for six weeks. Further prospective, comparative studies are recommended.
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Kallinowski F, Baumann E, Harder F, Siassi M, Mahn A, Vollmer M, Morlock MM. Dynamic intermittent strain can rapidly impair ventral hernia repair. J Biomech 2015; 48:4026-4036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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