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Kim HS, Oh HN, Kwak AW, Kim E, Lee MH, Seo JH, Cho SS, Yoon G, Chae JI, Shim JH. Deoxypodophyllotoxin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Blocking EGFR and MET in Gefitinib-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:559-569. [PMID: 33746190 PMCID: PMC9705898 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatments for NSCLC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Among the targeted therapies, resistance to inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common and remains a problem to be solved. MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) amplification is one of the major causes of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Therefore, there exists a need to find new and more efficacious therapies. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) extracted from Anthriscus sylvestris roots exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. In this study we sought to determine the anti-cancer effects of DPT on HCC827GR cells, which are resistant to gefitinib (EGFR-TKI) due to regulation of EGFR and MET and their related signaling pathways. To identify the direct binding of DPT to EGFR and MET, we performed pull-down, ATP-binding, and kinase assays. DPT exhibited competitive binding with ATP against the network kinases EGFR and MET and reduced their activities. Also, DPT suppressed the expression of p-EGFR and p-MET as well as their downstreat proteins p-ErbB3, p-AKT, and p-ERK. The treatment of HCC827GR cells with DPT induced high ROS generation that led to endoplasmic-reticulum stress. Accordingly, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis by multi-caspase activation were observed. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the apoptotic effects of DPT on HCC827GR cells and signify the potential of DPT to serve as an adjuvant anti-cancer drug by simultaneously inhibiting EGFR and MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea,
J.I. Chae Phone: +82-63-270-4024 Fax: +82-63-270-4037 E-mail:
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China,Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H. Shim Phone: +82-61-450-2684 Fax: +82-61-450-2689 E-mail:
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Li YN, Ning N, Song L, Geng Y, Fan JT, Ma CY, Jiang HZ. Derivatives of Deoxypodophyllotoxin Induce Apoptosis through Bcl-2/Bax Proteins Expression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:611-620. [PMID: 32748757 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200730160952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxypodophyllotoxin, isolated from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Anthriscus sylvestris, is well-known because of its significant anti-tumor activity with strong toxicity in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE In this article, a series of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and their anti-tumor effectiveness was evaluated. METHODS The anti-tumor activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives was investigated by the MTT assay method. Apoptosis percentage was measured by flow cytometer analysis using Annexin-V-FITC. RESULTS The derivatives revealed obvious cytotoxicity in the MTT assay by decreasing the number of late cancer cells. The decrease of Bcl-2/Bax could be observed in MCF-7, HepG2, HT-29, and MG-63 using Annexin V-FITC. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the administration group was decreased, which was determined by the ELISA kit. CONCLUSION The derivatives of deoxypodophyllotoxin could induce apoptosis in tumor cell lines by influencing Bcl-2/Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ni Ning
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yun Geng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jun-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Ying Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - He-Zhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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