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Rossi RE, Lavezzi E, Jaafar S, Cristofolini G, Laffi A, Nappo G, Carrara S, Bertuzzi AF, Uccella S, Repici A, Zerbi A, Lania AGA. Urinary 5-Hydroxyindolacetic Acid Measurements in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumor-Related Carcinoid Syndrome: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4065. [PMID: 37627093 PMCID: PMC10452849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoid syndrome (CS), mostly associated with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) or lung-related NETs, is characterized by symptoms related to hormonal secretion and long-term complications, including carcinoid heart disease (CHD), which is potentially life-threatening. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are non-specific, which leads to delayed diagnoses. The availability of reliable tumor markers is crucial for a prompt diagnosis and proper management. This review summarizes available evidence on the role of 24 h urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (24u5HIAA), which is the urinary breakdown metabolite of serotonin, in the diagnosis/follow-up of NET-related CS, with a focus on its potential prognostic role, while eventually attempting to suggest a timeline for its measurement during the follow-up of NET patients. The use of 24u5HIAA is an established biomarker for the diagnosis of NETs with CS since it shows a sensibility and specificity of 100% and 85-90%, respectively. The downside of 24u5-HIAA is represented by the need for 24 h urine collection and the risk of confounding factors (foods and medication), which might lead to false positive/negative results. Moreover, 24u5HIAA is useful in the follow-up of NETs with CS since a shorter double time correlates to a higher risk of disease progression/disease-specific mortality. Furthermore, an elevation in 24u5-HIAA is correlated with a dismal prognosis because it is associated with an increased likelihood of CHD development and disease progression/mortality. Other potentially interesting biochemical markers have been proposed, including plasmatic 5HIAA, although further standardization and prospective studies are required to define their role in the management of NETs. Meanwhile, 24u5HIAA remains the most accurate CS biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (R.E.R.); (S.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Lavezzi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Simona Jaafar
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Giacomo Cristofolini
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Alice Laffi
- Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Gennaro Nappo
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (G.N.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (R.E.R.); (S.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexia Francesca Bertuzzi
- Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.L.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Silvia Uccella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
- Pathology Service, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (R.E.R.); (S.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (G.N.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Gerardo Antonio Lania
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (E.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy;
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Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Mattivi F, Praticò G, Dragsted LO, Manach C. Biomarkers of intake for tropical fruits. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:11. [PMID: 32560627 PMCID: PMC7304196 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of fruit and vegetable is a key component of a healthy and sustainable diet. However, their accurate dietary assessment remains a challenge. Due to errors in self-reporting methods, the available dietary information is usually biased. Biomarkers of intake constitute objective tools to better reflect the usual or recent consumption of different foods, including fruits and vegetables. Partners of The Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBall) Project have undertaken the task of reviewing the available literature on putative biomarkers of tropical fruit intake. The identified candidate biomarkers were subject to validation evaluation using eight biological and chemical criteria. This publication presents the current knowledge on intake biomarkers for 17 tropical fruits including banana, mango, and avocado as the most widely consumed ones. Candidate biomarkers were found only for banana, avocado, and watermelon. An array of banana-derived metabolites has been reported in human biofluids, among which 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid, dopamine sulfate, methoxyeugenol glucuronide, salsolinol sulfate, 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-sulfate, and other catecholamine metabolites. Their validation is still at an early stage, with insufficient data on dose-response relationship. Perseitol and mannoheptulose have recently been reported as candidate biomarkers for avocado intake, while the amino acid citrulline has been associated with watermelon intake. Additionally, the examination of food composition data revealed some highly specific phytochemicals, which metabolites after absorption may be further studied as putative BFI for one or several tropical fruits. To make the field move forward, untargeted metabolomics, as a data-driven explorative approach, will have to be applied in both intervention and observational studies to discover putative BFIs, while their full validation and the establishment of dose-response calibration curves will require quantification methods at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Ulaszewska
- Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - G Praticò
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Manach
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Thai PK, O'Brien JW, Banks APW, Jiang G, Gao J, Choi PM, Yuan Z, Mueller JF. Evaluating the in-sewer stability of three potential population biomarkers for application in wastewater-based epidemiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:248-253. [PMID: 30928753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous chemicals specific to human metabolism have been suggested to be good candidates for markers of population size in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). So far, creatinine is the only endogenous chemical to be assessed against the criteria of in-sewer stability. This study thus aimed to evaluate the fate of three other endogenous compounds, 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), cortisol and androstenedione, under different sewer conditions using laboratory-scale sewer reactors. The results showed that while all compounds were stable in wastewater only (i.e. without biofilm), cortisol and androstenedione degraded quickly in sewers with the presence of sewer biofilms. The degradation followed first-order kinetics similar to that of creatinine. In contrast, 5-HIAA was relatively stable in sewer reactors. This study also recognised the impact of wastewater pH on the detectability of 5-HIAA using a LC-MS/MS direct injection method. In samples acidified to pH 2, the method did not allow routine detection/quantification of 5-HIAA whereas in non-acidified samples the method was sufficiently sensitive for routine quantification of 5-HIAA. The stability of 5-HIAA in sewers and the possibility to measure it using a simple and rapid analytical method corroborate that 5-HIAA may be a suitable biomarker for estimation of population size in WBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Thai
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew P W Banks
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jack Gao
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Phil M Choi
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Němečková-Makrlíková A, Matysik FM, Navrátil T, Barek J, Vyskočil V. Determination of three Tumor Biomarkers (Homovanillic Acid, Vanillylmandelic Acid, and 5-Hydroxyindole-3-Acetic Acid) Using Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Němečková-Makrlíková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 2030/8, CZ- 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 2155/3 CZ-182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- University of Regensburg; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors; Universitätsstraße 31 D-93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 2155/3 CZ-182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Barek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 2030/8, CZ- 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Vyskočil
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 2030/8, CZ- 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Corcuff JB, Chardon L, El Hajji Ridah I, Brossaud J. Urinary sampling for 5HIAA and metanephrines determination: revisiting the recommendations. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:R87-R98. [PMID: 28566493 PMCID: PMC5527357 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid (5HIAA) the main metabolite of serotonin or metanephrines (catecholamines metabolites) are used as biomarkers of neuroendocrine tumours. OBJECTIVE To re-evaluate the recommendations for urinary sampling (preservatives, diet, drugs, etc.) as many of the reported analytical interferences supporting these recommendations are related to obsolete assays. METHODS Bibliographic analysis of old and modern assays concerning preservation, extraction, assay and interferences. RESULTS 5HIAA may degrade as soon as urine is excreted. Thus, acids as preservatives (hydrochloric or acetic acid) have to be immediately added. Care should be taken not to decrease the pH under 2. Urine preservative for metanephrine assays is not mandatory. Diets including serotonin-, tryptophan- and dopamine-rich foods have to be avoided depending on the biomarkers investigated (bananas, plantain, nuts, etc.). Tryptophan-rich over-the-counter formulas have to be prohibited when 5HIAA has to be assayed. Acetaminophen may interfere with electrochemical detection depending on high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) parameters. No interference is known with mass spectrometric assays but with the one described for metanephrines determination. Some drugs interfere however with serotonin and catecholamines secretion and/or metabolism (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin or dopamine recapture inhibitors, etc.). CONCLUSION Revisited recommendations are provided for the diet, the drugs and the preservatives before HPLC coupled with electrochemical and mass spectrometry assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoît Corcuff
- Department of Nuclear MedicineHaut Lévêque Hospital, Pessac, France
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégréeUMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Groupe de Biologie SpécialiséeSociété Française de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Chardon
- Department of BiochemistryEdouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | - Julie Brossaud
- Department of Nuclear MedicineHaut Lévêque Hospital, Pessac, France
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégréeUMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Groupe de Biologie SpécialiséeSociété Française de Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
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Makrlíková A, Ktena E, Economou A, Fischer J, Navrátil T, Barek J, Vyskočil V. Voltammetric Determination of Tumor Biomarkers for Neuroblastoma (Homovanillic Acid, Vanillylmandelic Acid, and 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic Acid) at Screen-printed Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makrlíková
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Evangelia Ktena
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 157 71 Athens Greece
| | - Anastasios Economou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 157 71 Athens Greece
| | - Jan Fischer
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i.; Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Barek
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Vyskočil
- Charles University; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry; Hlavova 8 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Li Q, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Electrooxidative Decarboxylation of Vanillylmandelic Acid: Voltammetric Differentiation between the Structurally Related Compounds Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9713-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104137p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Strawn JR, Ekhator NN, Geracioti TD. In-use stability of monoamine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 760:301-6. [PMID: 11530989 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) are commonly used to provide information about central nervous system (CNS) dopaminergic and serotonergic activity. However, little attention has been given to the effects of sample handling on the concentrations of these compounds in human CSF. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection, we observed that, in CSF stored at -80 degrees C, concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA and the dopamine metabolite HVA remained unchanged through six 1-h and six 24-h freeze-thaw cycles. Exposure to bright room light (3 h, 1,230 lux) resulted in a 5-HIAA concentration that was 96.3 +/- 2.0% of the initial and an HVA concentration that was 98.8 +/- 1.03% of initial. The pH of the CSF significantly increased during both freeze-thaw series and while maintained on ice (4 degrees C). These results demonstrate the in-use stability of 5-HIAA and HVA in human CSF under commonly-encountered laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Strawn
- Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, OH 45220-2213, USA.
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