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Keszthelyi TM, Tory K. The importance of pseudouridylation: human disorders related to the fifth nucleoside. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-023-00158-3. [PMID: 37000312 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudouridylation is one of the most abundant RNA modifications in eukaryotes, making pseudouridine known as the "fifth nucleoside." This highly conserved alteration affects all non-coding and coding RNA types. Its role and importance have been increasingly widely researched, especially considering that its absence or damage leads to serious hereditary diseases. Here, we summarize the human genetic disorders described to date that are related to the participants of the pseudouridylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kálmán Tory
- Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Stockert JA, Weil R, Yadav KK, Kyprianou N, Tewari AK. Pseudouridine as a novel biomarker in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:63-71. [PMID: 32712138 PMCID: PMC7880613 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic analysis has recently led to the profiling of modified nucleosides in cancer cell biological matrices, helping to elucidate their functional roles in cancer and reigniting interest in exploring their use as potential markers of cancer development and progression. Pseudouridine, one of the most well-known and the most abundant of the RNA nucleotide modifications, is the C5-glycoside isomer of uridine and its distinctive physiochemical properties allows it to perform many essential functions. Pseudouridine functionally (a) confers rigidity to local RNA structure by enhancing RNA stacking, engaging in a cooperative effect on neighboring nucleosides that overall contributes to RNA stabilization (b) refines the structure of tRNAs, which influences their decoding activity (c) facilitates the accuracy of decoding and proofreading during translation and efficiency of peptide bond formation, thus collectively improving the fidelity of protein biosynthesis and (e) dynamically regulates mRNA coding and translation. Biochemical synthesis of pseudouridine is carried out by pseudouridine synthases. In this review we discuss the evidence supporting an association between elevated pseudouridine levels with the incidence and progression of human prostate cancer and the translational significance of the value of this modified nucleotide as a novel biomarker in prostate cancer progression to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Stockert
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Rachel Weil
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- Department of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029.
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
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3
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Modern LC in therapeutic drug monitoring and diagnosis of pediatric leukemia. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2897-909. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The approaches of combining analytical and pharmacokinetic tools can currently assist clinicians in routinely providing more effective and individualized treatment, including in complicated cases of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Anticancer drug dosing based on synchronized drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic analysis can provide a better estimation of the drug systemic exposure than that obtained with the stable dosing plan. Leukemia is difficult to treat and, in the case of children, has the most dramatic and tragic course. Therefore, it is important to search for new biomarkers of leukemia that will enable early diagnosis. Hence, a completed strategy with chromatographic methods as the core element of analytical procedures provides an efficient tool that is beneficial for clinicians involved in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia.
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Montenegro Álvarez de Tejera P, Cabanes-Mariscal M, Gutiérrez-Ortega C, Medina Font J, Villa-Corbatón M, Gómez de Terreros J. Catabolismo muscular en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Rev Clin Esp 2011; 211:511-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bolton CE, Broekhuizen R, Ionescu AA, Nixon LS, Wouters EFM, Shale DJ, Schols AMWJ. Cellular protein breakdown and systemic inflammation are unaffected by pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD. Thorax 2006; 62:109-14. [PMID: 16928709 PMCID: PMC2111241 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2006.060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve the functional capacity, but has a variable effect on the low fat-free mass (FFM) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HYPOTHESIS Pulmonary rehabilitation would not affect catabolic drives such as systemic inflammation and also protein breakdown. METHODS Patients (n = 40) were studied at the start of an 8-week in-patient pulmonary rehabilitation programme, at the end of the programme and 4 weeks later. FFM and functional capacity (quadriceps strength, handgrip strength and peak workload) were assessed. Pseudouridine (PSU) urinary excretion (cellular protein breakdown) and inflammatory status were determined. Healthy participants had a single baseline assessment (n = 18). RESULTS PSU, (IL)-6 and soluble tumour necrosis factor (sTNF)alpha R75 were increased in patients compared with healthy participants, whereas FFM and functional capacity were reduced (all p < 0.01). PSU was inversely related to both FFM and skeletal muscle function. FFM and functional parameters increased with rehabilitation, but PSU and inflammatory status were unaffected. The gain in FFM was lost 4 weeks after the completion of rehabilitation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The anabolic effect of pulmonary rehabilitation improved FFM, but it did not reverse the increased protein breakdown or systemic inflammation. Thus, on cessation of pulmonary rehabilitation the FFM gains were lost owing to a loss of anabolic drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Bolton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Academic Centre, Llandough Hospital, Vale of Glamorgan, Cardiff, UK.
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Broekhuizen R, Grimble RF, Howell WM, Shale DJ, Creutzberg EC, Wouters EF, Schols AM. Pulmonary cachexia, systemic inflammatory profile, and the interleukin 1beta -511 single nucleotide polymorphism. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:1059-64. [PMID: 16280439 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is thought to be linked to an enhanced systemic inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE We investigated differences in the systemic inflammatory profile and polymorphisms in related inflammatory genes in COPD patients. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed in 99 patients with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages II-IV), who were stratified by cachexia based on fat-free mass index (FFMI; in kg/m2: <16 for men and <15 for women) and compared with healthy control subjects (HCs). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Plasma concentrations and gene polymorphisms of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta -511), IL-6 (IL-6 -174), and the tumor necrosis factor system (TNF-alpha -308 and lymphotoxin-alpha +252) were determined. Plasma C-reactive protein, leptin, and urinary pseudouridine (as a marker of cellular protein breakdown) were measured. RESULTS Fat mass, leptin, and pseudouridine were significantly different (P < 0.001) between noncachectic patients (NCPs) and cachectic patients (CPs: n = 35); the systemic inflammatory cytokine profile was not. NCPs had a body compositional shift toward a lower fat-free mass and a higher fat mass compared with HCs. CPs and NCPs had a greater systemic inflammatory response (P < 0.05) than did HCs, as reflected in C-reactive protein, soluble TNF-R75, and IL-6 concentrations. The overall distribution of the IL-1beta -511 polymorphism was significantly different between the groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In COPD patients, who are characterized by an elevated systemic inflammatory response, cachexia is not discriminatory for the extent of increase in inflammatory status. This study, however, indicates a potential influence of genetic predisposition on the cachexia process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelinka Broekhuizen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Rodríguez Flores J, Berzas Nevado JJ, Durán Merás I, Rodríguez Gómez MJ. Capillary electrophoretic determination of triamterene, methotrexate, and creatinine in human urine. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:658-64. [PMID: 15912736 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method using a fused-silica capillary (60.2 cm x 75 microm ID) was investigated for the determination of triamterene (TRI), methotrexate (MTX), and creatinine (CREA) in human urine. The separation was performed using a hydrodynamic injection time of 7 s (0.5 psi), a voltage of 25 kV, a capillary temperature of 30 degrees C, and 40 mM phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 2.25 by addition of triethanolamine as separation electrolyte. Under these conditions, analysis takes about 15 min. A linear response over the 0.5-15.0 mg L(-1) concentration range was found for TRI and MTX, and 0.5-80.0 mg L(-1) for CREA. Dilution of the sample (water:urine, 1:1 for TRI and MTX, and 1:25 for CREA determination) was the only step necessary prior to analysis by electrophoresis. The developed method is easy, rapid, and sensitive and has been applied to determine triamterene,methotrexate, and creatinine in urine samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rodríguez Flores
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Foods Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Bolton CE, Ionescu AA, Shiels KM, Pettit RJ, Edwards PH, Stone MD, Nixon LS, Evans WD, Griffiths TL, Shale DJ. Associated loss of fat-free mass and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:1286-93. [PMID: 15374843 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200406-754oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, loss of fat-free mass (FFM) and loss of bone mineral density (BMD) were related to (1) each other and may be clinically inapparent, (2) urinary markers of cellular and bone collagen protein breakdown, and (3) severity of lung disease. Eight-one patients and 38 healthy subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition and BMD. Urinary protein breakdown markers, inflammatory mediators, and their soluble receptors were determined. Thirty-three patients had a low fat-free mass index (kg/m(2)), 17 of whom had a normal body mass index. Thirty-two percent of patients (13% of healthy subjects) had osteoporosis at the hip or lumbar spine. The marker of cellular protein breakdown was elevated in patients and related to lung disease severity and body composition. The marker of bone collagen breakdown was greater in patients with osteoporosis. Inflammatory mediators were elevated in patients. Loss of FFM and loss of BMD were related, occurred commonly, and could be subclinical in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Loss of both was greatest with severe lung disease. Increased excretion of cellular and bone collagen protein breakdown products in those with low FFM and BMD indicates a protein catabolic state in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Bolton
- Section of Respiratory and Communicable Diseases, University of Wales College of Medicine, Academic Centre, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan CF64 2XX, UK
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Smith-Palmer T. Separation methods applicable to urinary creatine and creatinine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:93-106. [PMID: 12450655 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary creatinine has been analyzed for many years as an indicator of glomerular filtration rate. More recently, interest in studying the uptake of creatine as a result of creatine supplementation, a practice increasingly common among bodybuilders and athletes, has lead to a need to measure urinary creatine concentrations. Creatine levels are of the same order of magnitude as creatinine levels when subjects have recently ingested creatine, while somewhat elevated urinary creatine concentrations in non-supplementing subjects can be an indication of a degenerative disease of the muscle. Urinary creatine and creatinine can be analyzed by HPLC using a variety of columns. Detection methods include absorption, fluorescence after post-column derivatization, and mass spectrometry, and some methods have been automated. Capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography have also been used to analyze urinary creatine and creatinine. Creatine and creatinine have also been analyzed in serum and tissue using HPLC and CE, and many of these separations could also be applicable to urinary analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truis Smith-Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada B2G 2W5.
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Ionescu AA, Nixon LS, Luzio S, Lewis-Jenkins V, Evans WD, Stone MD, Owens DR, Routledge PA, Shale DJ. Pulmonary function, body composition, and protein catabolism in adults with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:495-500. [PMID: 11850342 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.4.2104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased survival in cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with bone thinning and fat-free mass (FFM) loss. We hypothesized that the severity of lung disease would be associated with increased protein catabolism and systemic inflammatory status in clinically stable patients. Forty adults with CF and 22 age-matched healthy subjects were studied. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Urinary pseudouridine (PSU), a marker of protein breakdown, and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx), a marker of bone connective tissue breakdown, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and their soluble receptors were measured. A 3-d food intake diary revealed 21 patients had a low energy intake. Excretion of PSU (p = 0.019) and NTx (p < 0.01) was increased in patients and was inversely related to FEV(1); PSU (r = - 0.53, p = 0.001) and NTx (r = - 0.43, p < 0.01). Increased excretion of PSU and NTx (p < 0.05 for both) was also related to a low FFM. All inflammatory mediators were greater in patients and were related to PSU and NTx. Clinically stable adults were catabolic with both cellular and connective tissue protein breakdown, which was related to lung disease severity, systemic inflammation, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A Ionescu
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Bone Research Unit, Department of Geriatrics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Academic Centre, University Hospital of Wales and Llandough Hospital NHS Trust, Penarth, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
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11
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Kochansky CJ, Strein TG. Determination of uremic toxins in biofluids: creatinine, creatine, uric acid and xanthines. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 747:217-27. [PMID: 11103907 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate determination of small molecule metabolic end-products is vital for clinical diagnosis and study of many metabolic disorders and medical abnormalities. Chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques are attractive for clinical analyses because of the inherent ability to analyze multiple component biofluids and determine the analytes of interest with minimal interference from other species. This manuscript reviews recent (1990-present) developments in chromatography and electrophoresis methodology for the determination of creatinine, creatine, uric acid and xanthines in biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kochansky
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17847, USA
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Mak TW, Ho SS, Ho CS, Jones MG, Lai CK, Lam CW. Pleural fluid pseudouridine in malignant and benign pleural effusions. Ann Clin Biochem 1998; 35 ( Pt 1):94-8. [PMID: 9463745 DOI: 10.1177/000456329803500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudouridine in urine and plasma has been proved to be a useful tumour marker in many malignant conditions. We studied its usefulness in pleural fluid for distinguishing malignant from non-malignant pleural effusions. Pleural fluid pseudouridine concentrations in different groups of patients with pleural effusion (31 malignant, 29 benign, 16 unknown, 1 double pathology) was measured and compared. Its usefulness in distinguishing malignant from non-malignant pleural effusions was analysed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Pseudouridine concentrations in the malignant group were significantly higher than the non-malignant group (P < 0.017, Bonferroni adjustment) with values overlapping extensively at the lower end. The area-under-the curve (AUC) value in the ROC curve analysis was 0.675 (P < 0.05). We conclude that the pleural fluid pseudouridine is of limited clinical value in distinguishing malignant from non-malignant pleural effusion due to its extensive overlap. However, it is useful when the concentration is higher than 65 mumol/L, which indicates malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Mak
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Yokoyama Y, Ozaki O, Sato H. Separation and determination of amino acids, creatinine, bioactive amines and nucleic acid bases by dual-mode gradient ion-pair chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996; 739:333-42. [PMID: 8765852 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of amino acids and biological bases such as creatinine was developed using a technique termed "dual-mode gradient ion-pair chromatography". A butyl-silica reversed-phase column and water-acetonitrile eluent containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and perchloric acid were used for the separation. A concentration gradient of acetonitrile from 15 to 35% provided a good separation of such organic cations. Since change in concentration of acetonitrile causes change in distribution equilibrium of SDS between mobile and stationary phases, a complete regeneration of the column to the initial state is required for the reproducible separations. Completion of the reequilibrium was indicated by a system peak appearing in the UV chromatogram and by conductivity measurements. The formation mechanism of the system peak was revealed. A flow-rate gradient from 1 to 2 ml/min was introduced in addition to the concentration gradient to shorten the cycle time of the chromatography. More than twenty kinds of amino acids, creatine and creatinine were simultaneously separated within 50 min and the cycle time was 80 min including the reequilibration time. A post-column derivatization fluorescence detection system was usable as well as UV detection. This elution system was also useful for the separation of bioactive amines and nucleic acid bases. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine and diagnostic amino acids due to inherited metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan
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Wong SHY, Ghodgaonkar B, Fong P, Campbell B, Burdick JF, Boctor F. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressants: Selectivity for Cyclosporine A, Fk 506 (Tacrolimus), and Rapamycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Marvel CC, Del Rowe J, Bremer EG, Moskal JR. Altered RNA turnover in carcinogenesis. The diagnostic potential of modified base excretion. MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY 1994; 21:353-68. [PMID: 7522008 DOI: 10.1007/bf02815361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Excretion of urinary modified nucleosides is frequently elevated in patients with oncogenic disease. Increases of urinary pseudouridine excretion are now demonstrated in patients with a variety of brain tumors. The potential use of urinary modified base excretion as a cancer marker is discussed and possible sources of the elevated nucleosides are detailed. The specific steps in RNA metabolism that result in increased levels of RNA nucleoside excretion are poorly understood. This knowledge will be necessary to understand the molecular mechanism and the clinical significance of urinary nucleoside excretion in treatment and diagnosis of oncogenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Marvel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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