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Yu S, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Chang Z, Wei Y, Sun Y, Jiang D, Jiang X, Tao J. Cholecystokinin type B receptor-mediated inhibition of A-type K + channels enhances sensory neuronal excitability through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and c-Src-dependent JNK pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:68. [PMID: 31215470 PMCID: PMC6582535 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholecystokinin (CCK) is implicated in the regulation of nociceptive sensitivity of primary afferent neurons. Nevertheless, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Methods Using patch clamp recording, western blot analysis, immunofluorescent labelling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, adenovirus-mediated shRNA knockdown and animal behaviour tests, we studied the effects of CCK-8 on the sensory neuronal excitability and peripheral pain sensitivity mediated by A-type K+ channels. Results CCK-8 reversibly and concentration-dependently decreased A-type K+ channel (IA) in small-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons through the activation of CCK type B receptor (CCK-BR), while the sustained delayed rectifier K+ current was unaffected. The intracellular subunit of CCK-BR coimmunoprecipitated with Gαo. Blocking G-protein signaling with pertussis toxin or by the intracellular application of anti-Gβ antibody reversed the inhibitory effects of CCK-8. Antagonism of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) but not of its common downstream target Akts abolished the CCK-BR-mediated IA response. CCK-8 application significantly activated JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase. Antagonism of either JNK or c-Src prevented the CCK-BR-mediated IA decrease, whereas c-Src inhibition attenuated the CCK-8-induced p-JNK activation. Application of CCK-8 enhanced the action potential firing rate of DRG neurons and elicited mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity in mice. These effects were mediated by CCK-BR and were occluded by IA blockade. Conclusion Our findings indicate that CCK-8 attenuated IA through CCK-BR that is coupled to the Gβγ-dependent PI3K and c-Src-mediated JNK pathways, thereby enhancing the sensory neuronal excitability in DRG neurons and peripheral pain sensitivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Yu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyang Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Chang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Hospital Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology & Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Kong L, Berg FJ. Identification of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide amide metabolites in liver microsomes of human, Rhesus Monkey, Sprague-Dawley rat and CD1 mouse using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:80-87. [PMID: 30149298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is a fragment derived from a larger peptide hormone, cholecystokinin (or gastrin). As a panicogenic agent, CCK-4 is commonly used in clinic settings to induce panic attacks for the study of new anxiolytic drugs. However, few studies on CCK-4 metabolism have been published to date. In the present study, we investigate the metabolism of CCK-4 in liver microsomes of human (HLM), Rhesus Monkey (RMLM), Sprague-Dawley rat (RLM) and CD1 mouse (MLM) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spetrometer. Ten metabolites, inlcuding tryptophan (M1), tryptophan amide (M2), hydroxy metabolites (M3-M5), truncated peptides (M6-M9), and CCK-4 acid (M10), were identified and 8 of them were reported for the first time. The metabolic pattern of CCK-4 in HLM was distinctly different from these in RMLM, RLM, and MLM. M2 and M9 were the major metabolites in HLM and accounted for 19.8% and 13.4% of initial CCK-4, respectively. In contrast, M2 was the major metabolite in RMLM and accounted for 41.4%, whereas M6 was the major metabolite in RLM and account for 39.1%. Three major metabolites M2, M7 and M8 in MLM accounted for 22.6%, 17.9% and 17.8% of initial CCK-4, respectively. Chemical inhibition experiment showed that aminopeptidase and/or endopeptidase hydrolysis were the major metabolic pathways in human to generate these metabolites. We further showed that cytochrome P450 were also involved in the metabolism of CCK-4 via hydroxylation, but to a less extend. These findings provide valuable information for the metabolic processes of CCK-4 among various species and an important reference basis for its safety evaluation and rational clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- Research and Technology Directorate, U. S. Army, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, United States.
| | - Frederic J Berg
- Research and Technology Directorate, U. S. Army, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, United States
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Tachibana T, Matsuda K, Kawamura M, Ueda H, Khan MSI, Cline MA. Feeding-suppressive mechanism of sulfated cholecystokinin (26–33) in chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 161:372-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Separation and determination of peptide hormones by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence coupled with transient pseudo-isotachophoresis preconcentration. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pérez de la Mora M, Hernández-Gómez AM, Arizmendi-García Y, Jacobsen KX, Lara-García D, Flores-Gracia C, Crespo-Ramírez M, Gallegos-Cari A, Nuche-Bricaire A, Fuxe K. Role of the amygdaloid cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin-2 receptors and terminal networks in the modulation of anxiety in the rat. Effects of CCK-4 and CCK-8S on anxiety-like behaviour and [3H]GABA release. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 26:3614-30. [PMID: 18088282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala plays a key role in fear and anxiety. The intercalated islands are clusters of glutamate-responsive GABAergic neurons rich in cholecystokinin (CCK)-2 receptors which control the trafficking of nerve impulses from the cerebral cortex to the central nucleus of amygdala. In this study, the nature of the CCK-glutamate-GABA interactions within the rat rostral amygdala, and their relevance for anxiety, were studied. CCK/gastrin-like immunoreactive nerve terminals were found to be mainly restricted to the paracapsular intercalated islands and the rostrolateral part of the main intercalated island. Behaviourally, the bilateral microinjection of CCK-4 (0.043-4.3 pmol/side) or CCK-8S (4.3 pmol/side) into the rostrolateral amygdala reduced the open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze without affecting locomotion. In contrast, neither CCK-4 nor CCK-8S (0.043-4.3 pmol/side) had any effects in the shock-probe burying test as compared with their saline-treated controls. Biochemically, CCK-4 (0.3 and 1.5 microm), unlike CCK-8S, enhanced significantly the K(+)-stimulated release of [(3)H]GABA from amygdala slices. These effects were fully prevented by prior superfusion of the slices with either the selective CCK-2 receptor antagonist CR2945 (3 microm), or 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione (DNQX), 10 microm, a glutamatergic (+/-)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist. It is suggested that CCK modulates glutamate-GABA mechanisms by acting on CCK-2 receptors via volume transmission occurring at the level of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and/or by synaptic or perisynaptic volume transmission in the region of the rostrolateral main and paracapsular intercalated islands, resulting in subsequent disinhibition of the central amygdaloid nucleus and anxiety or panic-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pérez de la Mora
- Department of Biophysics, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, México 04510 DF, México.
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Nordin C, Sjödin I. CSF cholecystokinin, γ-aminobutyric acid and neuropeptide Y in pathological gamblers and healthy controls. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 114:499-503. [PMID: 17109076 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The sulphated cholecystokinin (CCK) octapeptide (CCK-8S), the CCK tetrapeptide (CCK-4), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 11 pathological male gamblers and 11 healthy male controls. Compared with healthy controls, pathological male gamblers displayed higher concentrations of CCK-8S, CCK-4 and GABA (but not NPY). A gradient with decreasing concentrations from the first to the third 6-ml CSF fraction was found for CCK-8S, CCK-4 and NPY, but only in pathological gamblers. Disrupted gradients were found for GABA and for NPY in healthy controls. Given that CCK is a modulator of dopamine in the reward process, the increase in CCK-8S and CCK-4 is not unexpected. The high level of GABA in pathological gamblers is in conformity with a compensatory inhibitory action on noradrenergic neurons. The CSF gradient of CCK-8S and CCK-4 in pathological male gamblers (but not healthy controls) might indicate a difference in diurnal variation. The results obtained are in line with an altered CCK and GABA function in pathological gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nordin
- Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Psychiatry Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Bonnard E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Francés B, Mazarguil H, Monsarrat B, Zajac JM, Roussin A. Identification of neuropeptide FF-related peptides in rodent spinal cord. Peptides 2001; 22:1085-92. [PMID: 11445238 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptides which should be generated from the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) precursor were identified in mouse and rat spinal cord, by using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with radioimmunoassay and electrospray mass spectrometry detection. In both species, two octapeptides, NPFF (Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) and NPSF (Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) were identified but a longer peptide NPA-NPFF (Asn-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) was present at the highest concentration in rat spinal cord. In mouse, the homologous peptide, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) was not detected. Both peptides NPFF and NPSF reverse morphine-induced analgesia in the tail flick test. Our data reveal species differences in the maturation of NPFF precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonnard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, C.N.R.S. UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, 31077 France
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Abstract
Methionine-enkephalin (met-enk), an endogenous opiate, mimics many of the effects of morphine by binding to opiate receptors, thereby eliciting similar cellular and behavioral effects. Using biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, several peptides have been identified in bone and joint tissues. Here we report, for the first time, the presence as well as concentration of met-enk in bone and joint tissues. Immunohistochemistry using electron and immunofluorescence microscopy showed cellular and neuronal distribution of met-enk in bone and joint tissues. The concentration of met-enk analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection or radioimmunoassay was high in bone marrow, periosteum, ankle joint tissue, and cortical bone. Analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry suggested that the recovered fragment was met-enk Administration of met-enk inhibits osteoblast cell growth in culture, which is reversible by naltrexone. In arthritic rats, the concentration of met-enk was significantly decreased in ankle joints compared with controls, suggesting a role for met-enk in the pathophysiology of adjuvant arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/chemistry
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Enkephalin, Methionine/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Joints/chemistry
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Osteoblasts/chemistry
- Radioimmunoassay
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
- Tarsus, Animal/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Elhassan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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Gunnarsson T, Eklundh T, Eriksson M, Qureshi GA, Sjöberg S, Nordin C. Cholecystokinin peptides in cerebrospinal fluid: a study in healthy male subjects. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1997; 68:57-61. [PMID: 9094755 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(96)02104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical reliability of measuring cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we have assayed CCK-8S and CCK-4 in CSF obtained from 14 healthy male subjects, lumbar-punctured at the L4-5 level following a strictly standardised procedure. CSF concentrations of free CCK-8S and free CCK-4 were used as dependent variables while age, height, body weight, atmospheric pressure and some other factors served as independent variables. It was shown that the CCK-8S ratio between the second (7-12 ml) and first (0-6 ml) CSF fractions, correlated significantly with the atmosphere pressure at the time of puncture. Neither CCK-8S nor CCK-4 displayed concentration gradients in CSF. The CCK-4 levels, expressed as pmol l-1 in the total amount of CSF were found to be positively correlated with the neuraxis distance in the lying position and negatively with the neuraxis distance in the sitting position. Furthermore, CCK-4, expressed as pmol l-1 per min of tapping-time (pmol l-1 min-1), showed a negative correlation with storage time, presumably mirroring a proteolytic process. CCK-8S and CCK-4 intercorrelated positively independently of whether expressed as pmol l-1 or pmol l-1 min-1. In conclusion, the results of this exploratory study indicate that the neuraxis distance (in the sitting and lying positions) and storage-time have to be accounted for when interpreting data on CSF levels of CCK-4. Attention has to be paid to the potential influence of atmospheric pressure on the concentration ratio of CCK-8S.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gunnarsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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