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Facile and highly efficient three-phase single drop microextraction in-line coupled with capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462520. [PMID: 34517164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance version of in-line, three-phase direct immersion-single drop microextraction (DI-SDME) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) was demonstrated using a commercial CE instrument, and all the major and minor details were described to provide an easy-to-follow and user-friendly protocol. The excellent sample cleanup and enrichment power of this method was demonstrated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. The only preparation of urine samples was the addition of HCl to acidify the urine sample to pH 2. The acidic NSAIDs in the acidified urine sample were extracted into a basic acceptor drop covered with a thin organic layer attached to the inlet tip of a capillary immersed in the sample. A simple but powerful DI-SDME-CE method could be carried out automatically without any modification of the existing CE instrument. For improved performance, sample agitation and heating were employed by installing a microstirrer and a thermostating jacket in the sample tray. With 10 min of DI-SDME at 35°C with stirring, NSAIDs such as ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen in urine were enriched 340-970-fold with intraday and interday RSDs of 0.8-2.4% and 1.1-3.6%, respectively. The LODs obtained with in-line coupled CE/UV were 10-50 nM (2-10 µg/L). The performance of DI-SDME-CE/UV was also demonstrated by determining the naproxen level in human urine collected 24 h after taking a single oral dose of the drug. The spike recovery of naproxen from a single-point standard addition to the urine sample was 80%. Our high-performance three-phase DI-SDME-CE method is quite promising for the analysis of ionizable trace analytes in a complex sample matrix.
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2
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Zhang Y, Lin L, Li Y, Zeng Q, Guo S, Nkinahamira F, Yu CP, Sun Q. Determination of 38 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water by lyophilization combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:299-310. [PMID: 33399138 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, effective, and low-cost method was developed for the determination of 38 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), including 19 antibiotics in surface water samples by lyophilization combined with liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The components of the extraction solvent, the volume of the water sample, and the volume of extraction solvent were successively optimized. The analytes in 80 mL water samples were concentrated by lyophilization, eluted effectively by the solvent of 2 mL acetonitrile, 2 mL acetone, and 2 mL ultrapure water. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 ng L-1 (caffeine) to 0.17 μg L-1 (glibenclamide). The recoveries of 30 analytes ranged from 40.0% (sulfaguanidine) to 124.4% (flumequine). The relative standard deviations of all analytes were below 21% except ciprofloxacin (29%). The performance of the optimized method was comparable to the solid phase extraction and ultrasonic extraction method with much less consumption of labor, organic solvent, and consumables. The developed method was successfully applied to surface river water, reservoir water, and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Mohammadi P, Masrournia M, Es’haghi Z, Pordel M. Hollow fiber coated Fe3O4@Maleamic acid-functionalized graphene oxide as a sorbent for stir bar sorptive extraction of ibuprofen, aspirin, and venlafaxine in human urine samples before determining by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Mixed Matrix Membrane Tip Extraction Coupled with UPLC–MS/MS for the Monitoring of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Water Samples. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method, in combination with a mixed matrix membrane microextraction method for the quantification of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in environmental water samples, is reported. The extraction device was prepared by casting well-dispersed polymeric bonded octadecyl (C18) particles in a cellulose triacetate matrix solution onto commercially available 200 μL micropipette tips. The membrane formed contains 25% of the adsorbent loading amount and was firmly attached to the inner wall of the membrane tip. The dynamic extraction was performed by withdrawing and dispensing the sample solution through the tip device for effective analyte adsorption, followed by the analyte desorption process into 40 μL of methanol and acetonitrile (1:1) prior to UPLC–MS/MS analysis. NSAIDs—namely diclofenac, ibuprofen, indoprofen, naproxen and sulindac—were chosen as targeted analytes. Several extraction parameters were comprehensively optimized, including sample pH value, ionic strength, dynamic extraction cycle, desorption solvent and desorption time. The optimized conditions demonstrated a linear range from 0.25 to 500 ng L−1, with correlation coefficients (r2) from 0.9988 to 0.9992 and detection limits ranging from 0.08 to 0.40 ng L−1. The recoveries of the spiked water samples were between 92% and 99% and exhibited excellent precision relative to standard deviations (RSDs ≤ 4.9%), and enrichment factors (EFs) were at 201–249 for the developed approach.
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A modified zeolite/iron oxide composite as a sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction for the preconcentration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water and urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Magnetic nanoparticle of metal-organic framework with core-shell structure as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Talanta 2019; 194:514-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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García-Córcoles MT, Rodríguez-Gómez R, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Çipa M, Martín-Pozo L, Kauffmann JM, Zafra-Gómez A. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water and Wastewater Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:160-186. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1496010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. García-Córcoles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. de Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Çipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - J.-M. Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Syed Yaacob SFF, Mohd Jamil AK, Kamboh MA, Wan Ibrahim WA, Mohamad S. Fabrication of calixarene-grafted bio-polymeric magnetic composites for magnetic solid phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5108. [PMID: 30002963 PMCID: PMC6037154 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calixarene framework functionalized bio-polymeric magnetic composites (MSp-TDI-calix) were synthesized and utilized as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbent for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely indoprofen (INP), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBP) and fenoprofen (FNP), from environmental water samples. MSp-TDI-calix was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, VSM and BET analysis, and the results were compared with Sp-TDI and Sp-TDI-calix. To maximize the extraction performance of MSp-TDI-calix decisive MSPE affective parameters such as sorbent amount, extraction time, sample volume, type of organic eluent, volume of organic eluent, desorption time and pH were comprehensively optimized prior to HPLC-DAD determination. The analytical validity of the proposed MSPE method was evaluated under optimized conditions and the following figures of merit were acquired: linearity with good determination coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.991) over the concentration range of 0.5–500 µg/L, limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.06–0.26 µg/L and limits of quantitation (LOQ) between 0.20–0.89 µg/L. Excellent reproducibility and repeatability under harsh environment with inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were obtained in the range of 2.5–3.2% and 2.4–3.9% respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for analysis of NSAIDs in tap water, drinking water and river water with recovery efficiency ranging from 88.1–115.8% with %RSD of 1.6–4.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal Kamboh
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Espina-Benitez M, Araujo L, Prieto A, Navalón A, Vílchez JL, Valera P, Zambrano A, Dugas V. Development of a New Microextraction Fiber Combined to On-Line Sample Stacking Capillary Electrophoresis UV Detection for Acidic Drugs Determination in Real Water Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070739. [PMID: 28686186 PMCID: PMC5551177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method coupling a (off-line) solid-phase microextraction with an on-line capillary electrophoresis (CE) sample enrichment technique was developed for the analysis of ketoprofen, naproxen and clofibric acid from water samples, which are known as contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environments. New solid-phase microextraction fibers based on physical coupling of chromatographic supports onto epoxy glue coated needle were studied for the off-line preconcentration of these micropollutants. Identification and quantification of such acidic drugs were done by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using ultraviolet diode array detection (DAD). Further enhancement of concentration sensitivity detection was achieved by on-line CE “acetonitrile stacking” preconcentration technique. Among the eight chromatographic supports investigated, Porapak Q sorbent showed higher extraction and preconcentration capacities. The screening of parameters that influence the microextraction process was carried out using a two-level fractional factorial. Optimization of the most relevant parameters was then done through a surface response three-factor Box-Behnken design. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the three drugs ranged between 0.96 and 1.27 µg∙L−1 and 2.91 and 3.86 µg∙L−1, respectively. Recovery yields of approximately 95 to 104% were measured. The developed method is simple, precise, accurate, and allows quantification of residues of these micropollutants in Genil River water samples using inexpensive fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Espina-Benitez
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zulia, P.O. Box 4011-A-526, Maracaibo 4005, Venezuela.
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 VILLEURBANNE, France.
| | - Lilia Araujo
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zulia, P.O. Box 4011-A-526, Maracaibo 4005, Venezuela.
| | - Avismelsi Prieto
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zulia, P.O. Box 4011-A-526, Maracaibo 4005, Venezuela.
| | - Alberto Navalón
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Luis Vílchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Paola Valera
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zulia, P.O. Box 4011-A-526, Maracaibo 4005, Venezuela.
| | - Ana Zambrano
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zulia, P.O. Box 4011-A-526, Maracaibo 4005, Venezuela.
| | - Vincent Dugas
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 VILLEURBANNE, France.
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Martinez-Sena T, Armenta S, Guardia MDL, Esteve-Turrillas FA. Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water and urine using selective molecular imprinted polymer extraction and liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Bagheri H, Javanmardi H, Abbasi A, Banihashemi S. A metal organic framework-polyaniline nanocomposite as a fiber coating for solid phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Ribeiro C, Ribeiro AR, Maia AS, Gonçalves VMF, Tiritan ME. New trends in sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 44:142-85. [PMID: 25391434 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.833850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental samples include a wide variety of complex matrices, with low concentrations of analytes and presence of several interferences. Sample preparation is a critical step and the main source of uncertainties in the analysis of environmental samples, and it is usually laborious, high cost, time consuming, and polluting. In this context, there is increasing interest in developing faster, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. Recently, new methods have been developed and optimized in order to miniaturize extraction steps, to reduce solvent consumption or become solventless, and to automate systems. This review attempts to present an overview of the fundamentals, procedure, and application of the most recently developed sample preparation techniques for the extraction, cleanup, and concentration of organic pollutants from environmental samples. These techniques include: solid phase microextraction, on-line solid phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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13
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Fabrication of aluminum terephthalate metal-organic framework incorporated polymer monolith for the microextraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water and urine samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1393:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Bottoni P, Caroli S. Detection and quantification of residues and metabolites of medicinal products in environmental compartments, food commodities and workplaces. A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 106:3-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Du W, Zhang S, Fu Q, Zhao G, Chang C. Combined solid-phase microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultroviolet detection for simultaneous analysis of clenbuterol, salbutamol and ractopamine in pig samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1775-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Siruo Zhang
- Department of microbiology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710061 People's Republic of China
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Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine by hollow-fiber liquid membrane-protected solid-phase microextraction based on sol–gel fiber coating. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 908:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Moradi M, Yamini Y. Surfactant roles in modern sample preparation techniques: A review. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2319-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples by solid-phase microextraction based sol–gel technique using poly(ethylene glycol) grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated fiber. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 720:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Afonso-Olivares C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Analysis of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, stimulant and antidepressant drugs in purified water from wastewater treatment plants using SPE-LC tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:887-895. [PMID: 22423996 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.665005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an effective sample preparation method for the evaluation of seven pharmaceutical compounds belonging to different therapeutic classes in purified water from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The target compounds include caffeine (stimulant), nicotine (stimulant), atenolol (beta blocker), metamizole (anti-inflammatory and analgesic), fluoxetine (antidepressant), paraxanthine (stimulant) and clofibric acid (lipid regulator). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were selected as extraction and detection techniques, respectively. A detailed study of the experimental conditions of extraction was performed. Under optimal conditions, recoveries obtained were in the range of 21% to 100%, and the relative standard deviations were below 12%. The detection and quantification limits of the method were in the range 2.2-97.4 and 21.1-324.7 ng L(-1), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to evaluate the presence of these pharmaceutical compounds in wastewaters samples from wastewater treatment plants located on the Gran Canaria Island (Spain). Most of the compounds were detected at concentrations up to 12.31 μg L(-1) in the WWTP influents that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Afonso-Olivares
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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An anionic exchange stir rod sorptive extraction based on monolithic material for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in environmental aqueous samples. Talanta 2011; 86:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Kamali AS, Thompson JG, Bertman S, Miller JB, Venter AR. Spray desorption collection of free fatty acids onto a solid phase microextraction fiber for trap grease analysis in biofuel production. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:683-687. [PMID: 32938091 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00567c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spray desorption collection (SDC) is a sample collection and preparation method that allows for the collection of soluble chemical compounds directly from solid surfaces. Here the analysis of trap grease, a potential biofuel feedstock, is demonstrated by combining SDC with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) collection followed by direct GC-MS analysis. The SPME fiber collects droplets of solvent, which has picked up analytes from the solid sample surface. It is found that the SDC-SPME combination is a simple and convenient method to collect sample components from surfaces when they are less volatile than heptanoic acid, while the collection efficiency of highly volatile compounds is increasingly reduced due to the purging effect of the nebulising gas. In a real trap grease analysis the SDC-SPME method was able to analyze both the longer chain fatty acids in the sample, important for energy production evaluation of the sample, as well as volatile sample components down to pentanoic acid, which may add to off-odours produced during biofuel use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kamali
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA.
| | - J G Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA.
| | - S Bertman
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA.
| | - J B Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA.
| | - A R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA.
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Yao C, Li T, Twu P, Pitner WR, Anderson JL. Selective extraction of emerging contaminants from water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using functionalized ionic liquids. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1556-66. [PMID: 21324466 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized ionic liquids containing the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP) anion were used as extraction solvents in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the extraction of 14 emerging contaminants from water samples. The extraction efficiencies and selectivities were compared to those of an in situ IL DLLME method which uses an in situ metathesis reaction to exchange 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM-Cl) to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (BMIM-NTf(2)). Compounds containing tertiary amine functionality were extracted with high selectivity and sensitivity by the 1-(6-amino-hexyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (HNH(2)MPL-FAP) IL compared to other FAP-based ILs and the BMIM-NTf(2) IL. On the other hand, polar or acidic compounds without amine groups exhibited higher enrichment factors using the BMIM-NTf(2) IL. The detection limits for the studied analytes varied from 0.1 to 55.1 μg/L using the traditional IL DLLME method with the HNH(2)MPL-FAP IL as extraction solvent, and from 0.1 to 55.8 μg/L using in situ IL DLLME method with BMIM-Cl+LiNTf(2) as extraction solvent. A 93-fold decrease in the detection limit of caffeine was observed when using the HNH(2)MPL-FAP IL compared to that obtained using in situ IL DLLME method. Real water samples including tap water and creek water were analyzed with both IL DLLME methods and yielded recoveries ranging from 91% to 110%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 602, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Application of DLLME to Isolation and Concentration of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Environmental Water Samples. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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