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Yin F, Adhikari D, Peay M, Cortes D, Garada M, Shane Woolf M, Ma E, Lebarbenchon D, Mylott W, Dyszel M, Harriman S, Pinkas J. Development and validation of a hybrid immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS assay for quantitation of total antibody (TAb) from an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) PYX-201 in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123844. [PMID: 37579604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the quantitation of total antibody (TAb) from an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) PYX-201 in human plasma. PYX-201 was proteolyzed using trypsin, and a characteristic peptide fragment PYX-201 P1 with ten amino acids IPPTFGQGTK from the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) was used as a surrogate for the quantitation of the TAb from PYX-201. Stable isotope labelled (SIL) peptide I(13C6, 15N)PPTFG(13C9, 15N)QGTK was used as the internal standard (IS). We performed chromatographic analysis using a Waters Acquity BEH Phenyl column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 µm). Quantification of PYX-201 TAb was carried out on a Sciex triple quadrupole mass spectrometer API 6500 using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization. To validate PYX-201 TAb, a concentration range of 0.0500 µg/mL to 20.0 µg/mL was used, yielding a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥ 0.9947. For intra-assay measurements, the percent relative error (%RE) ranged from -23.2% to 1.0%, with a coefficient of variation (%CV) of ≤ 14.2%. In terms of inter-assay measurements, the %RE was between -10.5% and -5.7%, with a %CV of ≤ 12.7%. The average recovery of the analyte was determined to be 81.4%, while the average recovery of the internal standard (IS) was 97.2%. Furthermore, PYX-201 TAb demonstrated stability in human plasma and human whole blood under various tested conditions. This assay has been successfully applied to human sample analysis to support a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc, 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Diana Adhikari
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc, 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marlking Peay
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Diego Cortes
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Mohammed Garada
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - M Shane Woolf
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Eric Ma
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Diane Lebarbenchon
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - William Mylott
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services (a part of ThermoFisher Scientific), 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Mike Dyszel
- Department of Project Management, Pyxis Oncology, Inc, 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shawn Harriman
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc, 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Jan Pinkas
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc, 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Bai B, Wang X, Yang L, Song H, Yan G, Han Y, Fang H, Sun H. Quantitative multicomponent analysis of a single marker-based simultaneous determination and quality assessment of nucleoside analogs from Qi Zhi capsules. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5560. [PMID: 36461617 PMCID: PMC10078555 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Qi Zhi capsule (QZC) is approved by the State Drug Administration of China. The QZC consists of nine crude drugs, including astragalus, leeches, ground beetles, curcuma zedoary, hawthorn, semen cassiae, rhizoma sparganii, polygonum multiflorum, and peach kernel, of which leeches and ground beetles are Traditional Chinese Medicine of animal origin. Nucleosides are animal substances with pharmacological effects that are easy to extract and quantify. Different nucleoside analogs in distinct animal-based formulations can be used to characterize animal-based medicines. However, the quality control of a single indicator does not reflect the overall quality of Chinese medicine. Here, we developed a method to simultaneously determine the nucleoside analogs uracil, xanthine, hypoxanthine, uridine, guanine, and uric acid in QZCs using high-performance liquid chromatography. Hypoxanthine was used as an internal reference to determine relative correction factors for the other five components. The six components were determined in ten different batches of QZCs. There was no significant difference between the quantitative multicomponent analysis of a single marker and the external standard method. The relative standard deviation of total nucleosides analogs of 10 batches of samples was 7%. This method can be applied to simultaneously determine multiple active components in QZCs and other nucleoside analog drugs, enabling multi-indicator quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Bai
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Fang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Qu M, An B, Shen S, Zhang M, Shen X, Duan X, Balthasar JP, Qu J. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of protein biotherapeutics with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:734-754. [PMID: 27097288 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the advancement of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques has enabled their broad application in protein characterization, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Owing to certain important merits of LC/MS techniques (e.g., high selectivity, flexibility, and rapid method development), LC/MS assays are often deemed as preferable alternatives to conventional methods (e.g., ligand-binding assays) for the analysis of protein biotherapeutics. At the discovery and development stages, LC/MS is generally employed for two purposes absolute quantification of protein biotherapeutics in biological samples and qualitative characterization of proteins. For absolute quantification of a target protein in bio-matrices, recent work has led to improvements in the efficiency of LC/MS method development, sample treatment, enrichment and digestion, and high-performance low-flow-LC separation. These advances have enhanced analytical sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. As to qualitative analysis, a range of techniques have been developed to characterize intramolecular disulfide bonds, glycosylation, charge variants, primary sequence heterogeneity, and the drug-to-antibody ratio of antibody drug conjugate (ADC), which has enabled a refined ability to assess product quality. In this review, we will focus on the discussion of technical challenges and strategies of LC/MS-based quantification and characterization of biotherapeutics, with the emphasis on the analysis of antibody-based biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and ADCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:734-754, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
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Do we have a mature LC–MS/MS methodology for therapeutic monoclonal antibody bioanalysis? Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1289-1292. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Ravipaty S, Wu W, Dalvi A, Tanna N, Andreazi J, Friss T, Klotz A, Liao C, Garren J, Schofield S, Diamandis EP, Klein EA, Dobi A, Srivastava S, Tekumalla P, Kiebish MA, Vishnudas V, Sarangarajan RP, Narain NR, Akmaev VR. Clinical Validation of a Serum Protein Panel (FLNA, FLNB and KRT19) for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8. [PMID: 29682400 PMCID: PMC5909981 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9929.1000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the development of a novel serum protein panel of three prostate cancer biomarkers, Filamin A, Filamin B and Keratin-19 (FLNA, FLNB and KRT19) using multivariate models for disease screening and prognosis. ELISA and IPMRM (LC-MS/MS) based assays were developed and analytically validated by quantitative measurements of the biomarkers in serum. Retrospectively collected and clinically annotated serum samples with PSA values and Gleason scores were analyzed from subjects who underwent prostate biopsy, and showed no evidence of cancer with or without indication of prostatic hyperplasia, or had a definitive pathology diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Probit linear regression models were used to combine the analytes into score functions to address the following clinical questions: does the biomarker test augment PSA for population screening? Can aggressive disease be differentiated from lower risk disease, and can the panel discriminate between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia? Modelling of the data showed that the new prostate biomarkers and PSA in combination were better than PSA alone in identifying prostate cancer, improved the prediction of high and low risk disease, and improved prediction of cancer versus benign prostate hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Ravipaty
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Wenfang Wu
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Aditee Dalvi
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Nikunj Tanna
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Joe Andreazi
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Tracey Friss
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Allison Klotz
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Chenchen Liao
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Jeonifer Garren
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Sally Schofield
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Vivek Vishnudas
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Niven R Narain
- Berg, LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path Framingham, MA 01701, USA
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Gaubert A, Jeudy J, Rougemont B, Bordes C, Lemoine J, Casabianca H, Salvador A. Identification and absolute quantification of enzymes in laundry detergents by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4669-81. [PMID: 27098933 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a stricter legislative context, greener detergent formulations are developed. In this way, synthetic surfactants are frequently replaced by bio-sourced surfactants and/or used at lower concentrations in combination with enzymes. In this paper, a LC-MS/MS method was developed for the identification and quantification of enzymes in laundry detergents. Prior to the LC-MS/MS analyses, a specific sample preparation protocol was developed due to matrix complexity (high surfactant percentages). Then for each enzyme family mainly used in detergent formulations (protease, amylase, cellulase, and lipase), specific peptides were identified on a high resolution platform. A LC-MS/MS method was then developed in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) MS mode for the light and corresponding heavy peptides. The method was linear on the peptide concentration ranges 25-1000 ng/mL for protease, lipase, and cellulase; 50-1000 ng/mL for amylase; and 5-1000 ng/mL for cellulase in both water and laundry detergent matrices. The application of the developed analytical strategy to real commercial laundry detergents enabled enzyme identification and absolute quantification. For the first time, identification and absolute quantification of enzymes in laundry detergent was realized by LC-MS/MS in a single run. Graphical Abstract Identification and quantification of enzymes by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaubert
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jérémy Jeudy
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Blandine Rougemont
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Bordes
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Lemoine
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hervé Casabianca
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Salvador
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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Introduction of a routine quan/qual approach into research DMPK: experiences and evolving strategies. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:3337-48. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After graduating with an Oceanography degree from Swansea University, Lloyd has spent over 20 years in the field of bioanalysis and metabolite profiling. He started his career in large pharma at Wyeth UK, where he was involved in setting up the first GC and LC–MS/MS systems for both QC and early DMPK assays, employing EI/CI, thermospray, and the then new electrospray ionization techniques. Lloyd then joined Celltech, now UCB, where he is primarily tasked with metabolite profiling by LC–MS and NMR to support both early research projects and late-stage clinical studies. The application of liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantitative and qualitative (quan/qual) analysis has gained momentum across a range of different scientific arenas in recent years. The ability to acquire high quality quantitative data, whilst also capturing qualitative data for either parallel or retrospective analysis, is a powerful resource, especially in view of ever-reducing cycle times, laboratory space and budgets. The quan/qual approach employing a Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer has been successfully introduced into UCB's research DMPK department. This article describes our experiences in introducing quan/qual, issues that we discovered in establishing this new working paradigm, the evolution of the strategy and its future potential.
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Abstract
New technologies in mass spectrometry are beginning to mature and show unique advantages for the identification and quantitation of proteins. In recent years, one of the significant goals of clinical proteomics has been to identify biomarkers that can be used for clinical diagnosis. As technology has progressed, the list of potential biomarkers has grown. However, the verification and validation of these potential biomarkers is increasingly challenging and require high-throughput quantitative assays, targeting specific candidates. Targeted proteomics bridges the gap between biomarker discovery and the development of clinically applicable biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Harlan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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An B, Zhang M, Qu J. Toward sensitive and accurate analysis of antibody biotherapeutics by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1858-66. [PMID: 25185260 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable methodological advances in the past decade have expanded the application of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of biotherapeutics. Currently, LC/MS represents a promising alternative or supplement to the traditional ligand binding assay (LBA) in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic studies of protein drugs, owing to the rapid and cost-effective method development, high specificity and reproducibility, low sample consumption, the capacity of analyzing multiple targets in one analysis, and the fact that a validated method can be readily adapted across various matrices and species. While promising, technical challenges associated with sensitivity, sample preparation, method development, and quantitative accuracy need to be addressed to enable full utilization of LC/MS. This article introduces the rationale and technical challenges of LC/MS techniques in biotherapeutics analysis and summarizes recently developed strategies to alleviate these challenges. Applications of LC/MS techniques on quantification and characterization of antibody biotherapeutics are also discussed. We speculate that despite the highly attractive features of LC/MS, it will not fully replace traditional assays such as LBA in the foreseeable future; instead, the forthcoming trend is likely the conjunction of biochemical techniques with versatile LC/MS approaches to achieve accurate, sensitive, and unbiased characterization of biotherapeutics in highly complex pharmaceutical/biologic matrices. Such combinations will constitute powerful tools to tackle the challenges posed by the rapidly growing needs for biotherapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.); New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York (B.A., M.Z., J.Q.)
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An exploratory universal LC–MS/MS assay for bioanalysis of hinge region-stabilized human IgG4 mAbs in clinical studies. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1747-58. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing number of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug candidates entering clinical development, bioanalytical laboratories can benefit from generic liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assays capable of quantifying a variety of human mAb-based therapeutic drug candidates in plasma/serum samples from clinical studies. Results: We have developed and evaluated an exploratory LC–MS/MS assay capable of quantifying hinge region-stabilized IgG4 therapeutic mAb drugs and drug candidates in clinical samples. The exploratory assay is based upon a single ‘universal IgG4’ surrogate peptide. Conclusion: The novel exploratory LC–MS/MS assay reported herein, upon further refinement and full validation, is predicted to enable bioanalytical scientists to quantify all hinge region-stabilized human IgG4 therapeutic mAbs in human studies without having to develop a new assay for every new stabilized IgG4 mAb entering clinical development.
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11
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Quantitation of human peptides and proteins via MS: review of analytically validated assays. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1843-57. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the development of monoclonal antibodies in the 1970s, antibody-based assays have been used for the quantitation of proteins and peptides and, today, they are the most widely used technology in routine laboratory medicine and bioanalysis. However, in the last couple of decades, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) techniques have been adopted in the quantitation of small molecules, and more recently have made significant contributions in the quantitation of proteins and peptides. In this article, we will review clinical MS-based assays for endogenous peptides, proteins, and therapeutic antibodies, for which validated methods exist. We will also cover the measurement of protein turnover and the unique solutions that MS can offer in this field.
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Abstract
Currently, chromatography (GC but more commonly HPLC) is the analytical method of choice for several hormones, either because the immunoassays suffer from extensive crossreactivity or because chromatography permits simultaneous measurements of hormones. However, sometimes the conventional detection systems with HPLC methods do not meet desired specificity. With the increase of robust and affordable LC–MS/MS systems, the next step forward in specificity was taken. LC–MS/MS is rapidly being incorporated in the endocrine laboratories. To be useful in the clinical diagnostic practice, it is of utmost importance that methods are both analytically and clinically vaidated, as until now, the majority of applications of LC–MS/MS in the clinical laboratories are ‘home-made’ methods, therefore special case must be taken. This review aims to focus on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or comparable validated LC–MS/MS methods for targeted hormone analysis used for diagnostic purposes in human samples, published in the last 5 years.
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Dual universal peptide approach to bioanalysis of human monoclonal antibody protein drug candidates in animal studies. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1363-76. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a need for general and reliable LC–MS assays capable of supporting the bioanalysis of a variety of human monoclonal antibody-based therapeutic drug candidates in animal PK/TK studies. Results: We present herein improvements in our previously reported universal peptide approach to the bioanalysis of human monoclonal antibody protein drug candidates in animal studies. These improvements include incorporation of a second, light chain-based universal peptide into the assay, thus introducing the concept of a dual universal peptide assay; and incorporation of a universal stable isotope-labeled monoclonal antibody into the assay. Conclusion: Improvements reported herein to the universal peptide assay will enable more reliable quantification of human monoclonal antibody protein drug candidates in animal studies.
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Arsene CG, Schulze D, Kratzsch J, Henrion A. High sensitivity mass spectrometric quantification of serum growth hormone by amphiphilic peptide conjugation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1554-1560. [PMID: 23280743 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic peptide conjugation affords a significant increase in sensitivity with protein quantification by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. This has been demonstrated for human growth hormone (GH) in serum using N-(3-iodopropyl)-N,N,N-dimethyloctylammonium iodide as derivatizing reagent. The signal enhancement achieved is up to a factor of 5-6 and enables extension of the applicable concentration range down to the very low concentrations (≤ 1.0 µg/L) as encountered with clinical glucose suppression tests for patients with acromegaly. The method has been validated using a set of serum samples spiked with known amounts of recombinant 22 kDa GH in the range of 0.48 to 7.65 µg/L. The coefficient of variation (CV) calculated based on the deviation of results from the expected concentrations was 3.5%. The limit of detection (LoD) was determined as 0.1 µg/L and the limit of quantification (LoQ) as 0.4 µg/L. The potential of the method as a tool in clinical practice has been demonstrated with patient samples of about 1 µg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian G Arsene
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Pailleux F, Beaudry F. Internal standard strategies for relative and absolute quantitation of peptides in biological matrices by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:881-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animal du Québec (GREPAQ), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire; Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe; Québec; Canada
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16
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Furlong MT, Ouyang Z, Wu S, Tamura J, Olah T, Tymiak A, Jemal M. A universal surrogate peptide to enable LC-MS/MS bioanalysis of a diversity of human monoclonal antibody and human Fc-fusion protein drug candidates in pre-clinical animal studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1024-32. [PMID: 22623136 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For the development of human antibody Fc (fraction crystallizable) region-containing therapeutic protein candidates, which can be either monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or pharmacologically active proteins/peptides fused to the Fc region of human Immunoglobulin G (IgG), reliable quantification of these proteins in animal pharmacokinetic study plasma samples is critical. LC-MS/MS has emerged as a promising assay platform for this purpose. LC-MS/MS assays used for bioanalysis of human antibody Fc region-containing therapeutic protein candidates frequently rely upon quantification of a 'signature' surrogate peptide whose sequence is unique to the protein analyte of interest. One drawback of the signature peptide approach is that a new LC-MS/MS assay must be developed for each new human Fc region-containing therapeutic protein. To address this issue, we propose an alternative 'universal surrogate peptide' approach for the quantification of human antibody Fc region-containing therapeutic protein candidates in plasma samples from all nonclinical species. A single surrogate tryptic peptide was identified in the Fc region of most human antibody Fc-containing therapeutic protein candidates. An LC-MS-MS method based upon this peptide was shown to be capable of supporting bioanalysis of a diversity of human Fc region-containing therapeutic protein candidates in plasma samples of all commonly used animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Furlong
- Analytical Research and Development, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
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17
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Rauh M. LC–MS/MS for protein and peptide quantification in clinical chemistry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Satou M, Nakamura Y, Ando H, Sugimoto H. Understanding the functional significance of ghrelin processing and degradation. Peptides 2011; 32:2183-90. [PMID: 21763742 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification, cleavage and processing of circulating hormones are common themes in the control of hormone activities. Full-length ghrelin is a 28 amino acid protein that exists in several modified and processed forms, including addition of an acyl moiety at the third serine of the N-terminus. When modified with octanoic acid, the first five N-terminal residues of ghrelin can modulate a signaling pathway via the ghrelin receptor GHSR1a. Although modification via a lipid moiety is essential for binding and activation of GHSR1a by ghrelin, many reports suggest that a desacyl form of ghrelin exists and has synergistic, opposing and distinct properties as compared to the acyl form. Therefore, it is important to clarify the physiological relevance of ghrelin derivatives. Based on lines of evidence from various studies, we propose that a larger proportion of secreted ghrelin is present in the deacylated form and furthermore, that circulating acyl and desacyl forms of ghrelin may be hydrolyzed to form short peptide fragments. Here, we summarize the results of studies aimed at understanding ghrelin processing and its implications for physiological function, as well as our recent findings regarding enzymes in the blood capable of generating processed forms of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Satou
- Departments of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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19
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Bao KD, Letellier A, Beaudry F. Analysis of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B using differential isotopic tags and liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:1049-57. [PMID: 22102423 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus produces enterotoxins, which are causative agents of foodborne intoxications. Enterotoxins are single-chain polypeptides and have a molecular weight of about 26-28 kDa. The consumption of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins results in the onset of acute gastroenteritis within 2-6 h. The objective of this study was the development of a new method for the quantification of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in food matrices. Tryptic peptide map was generated and nine proteolytic fragments were clearly identified (sequence coverage of 35%). Among these, three specific tryptic peptides were selected to be used as surrogate peptides and internal standards for quantitative analysis using an isotopic tagging strategy along with analysis by LC-MS/MS. The linearity of the measurement by LC-MS/MS was evaluated by combining mixtures of both isotopes at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ¹H/²H molar ratios with a slope near to 1, values of R² above 0.98 and %CV obtained from six repeated measurement was below 8%. The precision and accuracy of the method were assessed using SEB spiked in chicken meat homogenate samples. SEB was fortified at 0.2, 1 and 2 pmol/g. The accuracy results indicated that the method can provide accuracy within a 84.9-91.1% range. Overall, the results presented in this manuscript show that proteomics-based methods can be effectively used to detect, confirm and quantify SEB in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Dang Bao
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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