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Briki M, Murisier A, Guidi M, Seydoux C, Buclin T, Marzolini C, Girardin FR, Thoma Y, Carrara S, Choong E, Decosterd LA. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic anticancer drugs: An update. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124039. [PMID: 38490042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, there is increasing evidence that conventional cytotoxic agents may be suitable candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)- guided drug dosage adjustments and patient's tailored personalization of non-selective chemotherapies. To that end, many liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays have been developed for the quantification of conventional cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapies, that have been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The use of stable isotopically labelled internal standards (IS) of cytotoxic drugs was strikingly uncommon, accounting for only 48 % of the methods found, although their use could possible to suitably circumvent patients' samples matrix effects variability. Furthermore, this approach would increase the reliability of cytotoxic drug quantification in highly multi-mediated cancer patients with complex fluctuating pathophysiological and clinical conditions. LC-MS/MS assays can accommodate multiplexed analyses of cytotoxic drugs with optimal selectivity and specificity as well as short analytical times and, when using stable-isotopically labelled IS for quantification, provide concentrations measurements with a high degree of certainty. However, there are still organisational, pharmacological, and medical constraints to tackle before TDM of cytotoxic drugs can be more largely adopted in the clinics for contributing to our ever-lasting quest to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Briki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Murisier
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Seydoux
- Internal Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Marzolini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F R Girardin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Thoma
- School of Engineering and Management Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - S Carrara
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - E Choong
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L A Decosterd
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Zhao K, Guo T, Sun X, Xiong T, Ren X, Wu L, Yang R, Sun H, Shi S, Zhang J. Mechanism and optimization of supramolecular complexation-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy for the determination of SN-38 in plasma and cells. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:531-542. [PMID: 33125824 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of two different forms of SN-38 in biological samples is, currently, cumbersome and difficult. A revisit to the mechanism of supramolecular complexation-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy helps to optimize the determination of SN-38 in plasma and the cellular pharmacokinetics in A549 cells based on the supramolecular complexation. Firstly, the inclusion mechanism dominated by thermodynamic constants was determined by measuring kinetic/thermodynamic parameters (kon , koff , ΔG, ΔH, ΔS). On this basis, the best effect of fluorescence sensitization was optimized through screening the interaction conditions (cyclodextrin species and concentrations, drug levels, temperature, pH of the buffer, and reaction time). Furthermore, the proportional relationship between the concentration of the inclusion complex and the fluorescence intensity was confirmed. Finally, a highly sensitive, selective spectrofluorimetric method was established and validated for quantitative analysis of the lactone and carboxylate molecular states of SN-38 plasma levels in rats and cell membrane transfer kinetics in A549 cell lines. The limits of detection for the lactone and carboxylate forms in plasma were found to be 0.44 ng·ml-1 and 0.28 ng·ml-1 , respectively. Precision and accuracy met the requirements of biological samples analysis. The proposed detection method provided a reference for elucidating the biodistribution of SN-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.,Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute for Control of Pharmaceutical Excipient and Packaging Material, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Institute for Control of Pharmaceutical Excipient and Packaging Material, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Senlin Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.,Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparations, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
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Wong ALA, Xiang X, Ong PS, Mitchell EQY, Syn N, Wee I, Kumar AP, Yong WP, Sethi G, Goh BC, Ho PCL, Wang L. A Review on Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods for Rapid Quantification of Oncology Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040221. [PMID: 30413076 PMCID: PMC6321130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the tremendous improvement in the sensitivity and also affordability of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has revolutionized its application in pharmaceutical analysis, resulting in widespread employment of LC-MS/MS in determining pharmaceutical compounds, including anticancer drugs in pharmaceutical research and also industries. Currently, LC-MS/MS has been widely used to quantify small molecule oncology drugs in various biological matrices to support preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies in R&D of oncology drugs. This mini-review article will describe the state-of-the-art LC-MS/MS and its application in rapid quantification of small molecule anticancer drugs. In addition, efforts have also been made in this review to address several key aspects in the development of rapid LC-MS/MS methods, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and matrix effect evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Pei Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Ee Qin Ying Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Nicholas Syn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Ian Wee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Crotti S, Posocco B, Marangon E, Nitti D, Toffoli G, Agostini M. Mass spectrometry in the pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer natural products. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:213-251. [PMID: 26280357 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the history of medicine, nature has represented the main source of medical products. Indeed, the therapeutic use of plants certainly goes back to the Sumerian and Hippocrates and nowadays nature still represents the major source for new drugs discovery. Moreover, in the cancer treatment, drugs are either natural compounds or have been developed from naturally occurring parent compounds firstly isolated from plants and microbes from terrestrial and marine environment. A critical element of an anticancer drug is represented by its severe toxicities and, after administration, the drug concentrations have to remain in an appropriate range to be effective. Anyway, the drug dosage defined during the clinical studies could be inappropriate for an individual patient due to differences in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. For this reason, personalized medicine, based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), represents one of most important challenges in cancer therapy. Mass spectrometry sensitivity, specificity and fastness lead to elect this technique as the Golden Standard for pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism studies therefore for TDM. This review focuses on the mass spectrometry-based methods developed for pharmacokinetic quantification in human plasma of anticancer drugs derived from natural sources and already used in clinical practice. Particular emphasis was placed both on the pre-analytical and analytical steps, such as: sample preparation procedures, sample size required by the analysis and the limit of quantification of drugs and metabolites to give some insights on the clinical practice applicability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:213-251, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crotti
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Yao Y, Yu L, Su X, Wang Y, Li W, Wu Y, Cheng X, Zhang H, Wei X, Chen H, Zhang R, Gou L, Chen X, Xie Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wei Y. Synthesis, characterization and targeting chemotherapy for ovarian cancer of trastuzumab-SN-38 conjugates. J Control Release 2015; 220:5-17. [PMID: 26439663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), combining monoclonal antibody with high cytotoxicity chemotherapeutic drug (warhead), have been successfully applied for clinical cancer therapy. Linker technology to select and design linker connecting warhead with antibody, is critical to the success of therapeutic ADCs. In this study, three kinds of linkers were designed to connect SN-38, the bioactive metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan (CPT-11), which is 100-1000 times more potent than CPT-11, with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab to prepare three different ADC conjugates (T-SN38 A, B and C). Meanwhile, we compared the anti-ovarian cancer effect of these three T-SN38 conjugates with trastuzumab in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro results showed that T-SN38 A, B and C (drug-to-antibody ratio, DAR=3.7, 3.2, 3.4) were 2 to 3 times as cytotoxic as SN-38, and the IC50 for these three conjugates on SKOV-3 cell line at 72 h were 5.2 ± 0.3, 4.4 ± 0.7, and 5.1 ± 0.4 nM respectively. In our in vivo studies, T-SN38 conjugates had well targeting ability for tumor tissue and all three of them had much higher anti-ovarian cancer potency than trastuzumab. Among of them, T-SN38 B, which coupled SN-38 with trastuzumab by a carbonate bond, has the best anti-ovarian cancer potency. In conclusion, the novel HER2-targeting ADCs T-SN38 have great potential for HER2-positive ovarian cancer. Moreover, the SN-38-Linkers designed in this study can also be used to connect with other antibodies for the therapy of other cancers.
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Key Words
- 10-hydroxycamptothecin (PubChem CID: 97,226)
- 4-dimethylaminopyridine (PubChem CID:14,284)
- 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (PubChem CID:104,842)
- Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)
- Bi-function linker
- N-hydroxysuccinimide (PubChem CID:80,170)
- Ovarian cancer
- PEG4 (PubChem CID:21,896,924)
- SN-38
- Targeting chemotherapy
- Trastuzumab
- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (PubChem CID:10,868)
- dithiothreitol (PubChem CID:19,001)
- ethyldiisopropylamine (PubChem CID:81,531)
- mercaptoacetic acid (PubChem CID:1133)
- triphosgene (PubChem CID:94,429)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wenting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yangpin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiangzheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xian Wei
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rundong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hostpital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Medicine/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Nittayacharn P, Manaspon C, Hongeng S, Nasongkla N. HPLC analysis and extraction method of SN-38 in brain tumor model after injected by polymeric drug delivery system. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1619-29. [PMID: 24990485 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214539227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SN-38 is a highly potent anticancer drug but its poor solubility in aqueous solvent and adverse side effects limit clinical applications. To overcome these limitations, SN-38-loaded-injectable drug delivery depots have been intratumorally administered in xenograft tumor model in nude mice. The extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed in order to determine the amount of SN-38 inside tumors. SN-38 was extracted from tumors using DMSO. HPLC analysis was validated and resulted in linearity over the concentration range from 0.03 to 150 µg/mL (r(2) ≥ 0.998). Lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were 0.308 µg/mL and 1.02 µg/mL, respectively. The extraction efficiency (% recovery) of SN-38 in porcine tissues was similar to that of tumors which provided more than 90% recovery in all concentrations. Moreover, the variability of precision and accuracy within and between-day were less than 15%. Therefore, this extraction and HPLC protocol was applied to determine the amount of SN-38 in tumors. Results show higher remaining amount of SN-38 in tumor from SN-38-loaded polymeric depots than that of SN-38 solution. These results reveal that SN-38-loaded polymeric depots can prevent the leakage of free-drug out of tumors and can sustain higher level of SN-38 inside tumor. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy can be elevated by SN-38-loaded polymeric depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinunta Nittayacharn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chawan Manaspon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Park DJ, Won JH, Cho A, Yun HJ, Heo JH, Hwhang TH, Lee DH, Kim WM. Determination of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 in rabbit plasma and tumors using a validated method of tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 962:147-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of sinotecan and its active metabolite in human blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 951-952:62-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Saraswat S, Snyder B, Isailovic D. Quantification of HPLC-separated peptides and proteins by spectrofluorimetric detection of native fluorescence and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 902:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Chen X, Peer CJ, Alfaro R, Tian T, Spencer SD, Figg WD. Quantification of irinotecan, SN38, and SN38G in human and porcine plasma by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to hepatic chemoembolization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 62:140-8. [PMID: 22305081 PMCID: PMC3288457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of irinotecan, its active metabolite SN38, and glucuronidated SN38 (SN38-G) in both porcine and human plasma. Calibration curves were linear within the concentration range of 0.5-100 ng/mL for SN38 and SN38-G, and 5-1000 ng/mL for irinotecan. Sample pretreatment involved solid-phase extraction of 0.1 mL aliquots of plasma. Irinotecan, SN38, SN38-G, and the internal standards, irinotecan-d10, tolbutamide, and camptothecin, respectively, were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH RP18 column (2. 1mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm), using a mobile phase composed of methanol and 0.1% formic acid. Accuracy of quality control samples in human plasma ranged from 98.5 to 110.3%, 99.5 to 101.7% and 96.2 to 98.9% for irinotecan, SN38, and SN38-G, respectively. Precision of the three analytes in the same order ranged from 0.8 to 2.8%, 2.4 to 5.7%, and 2.4 to 2.8%. All three analytes proved stable in plasma through four freeze/thaw cycles, as well as through 6h in whole blood at room temperature. The method was likewise validated in porcine plasma with comparable accuracies and precisions also within the generally acceptable range. The validated method was applied to both preclinical and clinical trials involving hepatic chemoembolization of irinotecan drug-eluting beads to study the pharmacokinetics of the three analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cody J. Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raul Alfaro
- Pharmacy Section, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tian Tian
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shawn D. Spencer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Rodríguez-Cáceres MI, Bohoyo Gil D, Durán-Merá I, Hurtado Sánchez MC. Spectrofluorimetric determination of SN-38, a promising new anti-tumor agent, in the presence and absence of organized media. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 65:298-306. [PMID: 21352650 DOI: 10.1366/10-06019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the spectrofluorimetric behavior of the camptothecin derivative 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) alone and in the presence of organized media and also on its potential analytical applications. SN-38 displays native fluorescence in both lactone and carboxylate form, which has been the base for development of two spectrofluorimetric methods, one for the lactone form (acidic media) and another for the carboxylate form (basic media). In an attempt to improve the understanding of SN-38, its interaction with several cyclodextrins and surfactants has been studied using spectrofluorimetry. Consequently, the optimal working conditions for the determination of SN-38 have been established in both the presence and the absence of organized media. The proposed methods were applied to human urine, using liquid-liquid extraction for clean-up of the samples, with satisfactory recoveries. No interference of the urine matrix was observed.
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DURÁN MARTÍN-MERÁS I, RODRÍGUEZ-CÁCERES MI, HURTADO-SÁNCHEZ MDC. First-Order Multivariate Calibration Applied to the Simultaneous Fluorometric Determination of the Anticancer Agents CPT-11 and SN-38 in Serum and Urine Samples. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:745. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fast Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Routine Assessment of Irinotecan Metabolic Phenotype. Ther Drug Monit 2010; 32:638-46. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181ec3bf5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Population pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 (irinotecan) in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding after its intraperitoneal administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 66:1235-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-010-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ramesh M, Ahlawat P, Srinivas NR. Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38: review of bioanalytical methods and recent update from clinical pharmacology perspectives. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:104-23. [PMID: 19852077 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of irinotecan has revolutionized the applicability of camptothecins as predominant topoisomerase I inhibitor for anti-cancer therapy. The potent anti-tumor activity of irinotecan is due to rapid formation of an in vivo active metabolite, SN-38. Therefore, irinotecan is considered as a pro-drug to generate SN-38. Over the past decade, side-by-side with the clinical advancement of the use of irinotecan in the oncology field, a plethora of bioanalytical methods have been published to quantify irinotecan, SN-38 and other metabolites. Because of the availability of HPLC, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, the pharmacokinetic profiling of irinotecan and its metabolites has been accomplished in multiple species, including cancer patients. The developed assays continue to find use in the optimization of newly designed delivery systems with regard to pharmacokinetics to promote safe and effective use of either irinotecan or SN-38. This review intends to: firstly, provide an exhaustive compilation of the published assays for irinotecan, SN-38 and other metabolite(s) of irinotecan, as applicable; secondly, to enumerate the validation parameters and applicable conclusions; and thirdly, provide some recent perspectives in the clinical pharmacology arena pertaining to efflux transporters, pediatric profiling, role of kidney function in defining toxicity, drug-drug interaction potential of irinotecan, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mullangi Ramesh
- Jubilant Innovation, 96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
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El-Aneed A, Banoub J, Koen-Alonso M, Boullanger P, Lafont D. Establishment of mass spectrometric fingerprints of novel synthetic cholesteryl neoglycolipids: the presence of a unique C-glycoside species during electrospray ionization and during collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:294-310. [PMID: 17088074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the fragmentation pattern of 16 novel amphiphilic neoglycolipid cholesteryl derivatives that can be efficiently used to increase cationic liposomal stability and to enhance gene transfer ability. These neoglycolipids bear different sugar moieties, such as D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-trideuterioacetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyllactosamine, L-fucose, N-allyloxycarbonyl-D-glucosamine, and some of their per-O-acetylated derivatives. Regardless of the structure of the tested neoglycolipid, QqToF-MS analysis using electrospray ionization (ESI) source showed abundant protonated [M+H]+ species. We also identified by both QqToF-MS and low-energy collision tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MS/MS) of the [M+H]+ ion, the presence of specific common fingerprint fragment ions: [Cholestene]+, sugar [oxonium]+, [(Sugar-spacer-OH)+H]+, [oxonium-H2O]+, and [(Cholesterol-spacer-OH)+H]+. In addition, we observed a unique ion that could not be rationally explained by the expected fragmentation of these amphiphilic molecules. The structure of this ion was tentatively proposed with that of a C-glycoside species formed by a chemical reaction between the sugar portion and the cholesterol. MS/MS analysis of this unique [C-glycoside]+ confirmed the validity of the proposed structure of this ion. The presence of an amino group at position C-2 and free hydroxyl groups of the sugar motif is crucial for the formation of a "reactive" sugar oxonium ion that can form the [C-glycoside]+ species. In summary, we precisely established the fragmentation patterns of the tested series of neoglycolipid cholesteryl derivatives and authenticated their structure as well; moreover, we speculated on the formation of a C-glycoside with the ESI source under atmospheric pressure and in the collision cell during MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas El-Aneed
- Biochemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Xing J, Xie C, Lou H. Recent applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in natural products bioanalysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:368-78. [PMID: 17317073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and sesquiterpenoids have been extensively investigated because of their biological and physiological significances, as well as their promising clinical uses. It is necessary to monitor them or their metabolites in biological fluids for both pre-clinical studies and routine clinical uses. The successful hyphenation of LC and MS, which was thought as "the bird wants to marry with fish", has been conducted widely in biological samples analysis. This present paper reviewed the feasibility of LC-MS techniques in the identification and quantification of natural products (flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and sesquiterpenoids) in biological fluids, dealing with sample preparation, LC techniques, suitability of different MS techniques. Perspective of LC-MS was also discussed to show the potential of this technology. The citations cover the period 2002-2006. We conclude that LC-MS is an extremely powerful tool for the analysis of natural products in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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Nagaoka Y, Maeda T, Kawai Y, Nakashima D, Oikawa T, Shimoke K, Ikeuchi T, Kuwajima H, Uesato S. Synthesis and cancer antiproliferative activity of new histone deacetylase inhibitors: hydrophilic hydroxamates and 2-aminobenzamide-containing derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:697-708. [PMID: 16584813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
New series histone deacetylase inhibitors comprising a hydroxamic acid or 2-aminobenzamide group as a zinc-chelating function were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against a panel of human cancer cells. The 2-aminobenzamide series inhibitors generally had the potency in cell growth inhibitions comparable to that of MS-275. Among them, the compound having a (3,4-difluorobenzyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino group at one end and a 2-aminobenzamide group at the other of molecule showed the most promising profile as an anticancer drug candidate, since it had a comparatively low toxicity as did MS-275 against a normal fibroblast cell CCD-1059SK. Additionally, the derivative exhibited a high recovery in human plasma stability test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagaoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Sun D, Wang H, Wu K. Electrochemical Determination of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin Using a Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-005-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bardin S, Guo W, Johnson JL, Khan S, Ahmad A, Duggan JX, Ayoub J, Ahmad I. Liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric assay for the simultaneous quantification of Camptosar® and its metabolite SN-38 in mouse plasma and tissues. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:249-55. [PMID: 15909526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method has been developed to simultaneously quantify Camptosar (CPT-11) and its active metabolite, SN-38, in mouse plasma and tissues. A single step protein precipitation with acetonitrile in 96-well plates was used for sample preparation. Camptothecin (CPT) was used as the internal standard. Fast separation of SN-38, CPT-11 and CPT was carried out isocratically on a C18, 2 mm x 50 mm, 5 microm HPLC column with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.5) and a 2.5 min chromatographic run time. The API 4000 MS/MS system was operated in positive ionization multiple reaction monitoring mode, and the transitions for SN-38, CPT-11 and CPT were 393.4 --> 349.3, 587.6 --> 167.2 and 349.3 --> 305.3, respectively. The SN-38 and CPT-11 concentrations in samples were calculated from a standard curve of peak area ratios of the analyte to that of the internal standard using a 1/chi2 weighted linear regression. The quantitation limit of 0.5 ng/mL was achieved by using a low sample volume (100 microL) of plasma or tissue homogenates. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-500 ng/mL with acceptable precision and accuracy. The method was used for the quantification of CPT-11 and SN-38 in plasma and tissues to support a preclinical pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of CPT-11 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bardin
- Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy Department, Research and Development, NeoPharm, Inc., 1850 Lakeside Drive, Waukegan, IL 60085, USA
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Literature alerts. J Microencapsul 2004; 21:473-9. [PMID: 15513753 DOI: 10.1080/02652040410001729313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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