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Śniegocki T, Samorek E, Sell B, Krajewska W. Development of a method for the determination of sedatives in bovine and porcine urine and kidneys by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Vet Res 2024; 68:137-145. [PMID: 38525223 PMCID: PMC10960330 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sedatives have been used for a long time as animal tranquillisers to prevent stress and weight loss during their transportation. The proper determination of these substances in food of animal origin is essential for consumer safety. Material and Methods A 1 g portion of pig or cow urine or homogenised kidney was mixed with acetonitrile, sodium chloride was added, and the solution was further mixed and then centrifuged. The supernatant was transferred to a new centrifuge tube with primary and secondary amine, octadecylsilane and ZrO2, and mixed rapidly. The filtered solution was evaporated under a nitrogen stream. The residue was dissolved in 200 μL of acetonitrile, centrifuged with filters and then transferred to vials. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The decision limit for confirmation was calculated at 2.5 μg kg-1 for all sedatives with relative standard deviation repeatability and reproducibility below 20%. Conclusion The validation results showed that this method meets the pertinent EU criteria for such methods and is suitable for sedative analysis in urine and kidney matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Śniegocki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 21-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Samorek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 21-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 21-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Weronika Krajewska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 21-100Puławy, Poland
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Kośka I, Kubalczyk P. Development of the Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Azaperone and Azaperol in Animal Kidneys and Livers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010100. [PMID: 36613536 PMCID: PMC9820613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of azaperone and azaperol in meat tissues has been developed. This paper describes the first method to be so fast, simple, and useful, especially for many laboratories that do not have sophisticated equipment. This method is based on LC separation and UV-Vis detection. During the sample preparation, the meat tissue was homogenized in acetonitrile at a ratio of 1:4 (tissue weight:acetonitrile volume). The homogenate was centrifuged, the supernatant was evaporated in a lyophilizator, and then the evaporation residue was dissolved in 20 µL of ethanol. For deproteinization, 15 µL of perchloric acid was added, and the sample prepared in this way was injected into a chromatographic column and analyzed using reversed-phased HPLC. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 3.00 (component A) and acetonitrile (component B). UV detection was conducted at 245 nm. The experimentally determined LOQs were 0.25 µg/kg for azaperone and 0.12 µg/kg for azaperol. For both analytes, the calibration curves showed linearity in the tested concentration range from 50 to 300 µg/kg of tissue. The accuracy of the presented method did not exceed 15%, and the recovery was in the range of 85-115%. A validated analytical procedure was implemented for the analysis of various animal tissues for their content of azaperone and azaperol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Kośka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (P.K.); Tel.: +48-4263-558-44 (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kubalczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (P.K.); Tel.: +48-4263-558-44 (P.K.)
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Phosphorus Fertilizers from Sewage Sludge Ash and Animal Blood as an Example of Biobased Environment-Friendly Agrochemicals: Findings from Field Experiments. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092769. [PMID: 35566125 PMCID: PMC9100326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastes of biological origin from wastewater treatment systems and slaughterhouses contain substantial amounts of phosphorus (P) with high recovery potential and can contribute to alleviating the global P supply problem. This paper presents the performance of fertilizer (AF) and biofertilizer (BF) from sewage sludge ash and animal blood under field conditions. BF is AF incorporated with lyophilized cells of P-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus megaterium. In the experiments with spring or winter wheat, the biobased fertilizers were compared to commercial P fertilizer, superphosphate (SP). No P fertilization provided an additional reference. Fertilizer effects on wheat productivity and on selected properties of soil were studied. BF showed the same yield-forming efficiency as SP, and under poorer habitat conditions, performed slightly better than AF in increasing yield and soil available P. Biobased fertilizers applied at the P rate up to 35.2 kg ha-1 did not affect the soil pH, did not increase As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb content, and did not alter the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in the soil. The findings indicate that biobased fertilizers could at least partially replace conventional P fertilizers. Research into strain selection and the proportion of P-solubilizing microorganisms introduced into fertilizers should be continued.
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Rapid screening and identification of multi-class substances of very high concern in textiles using liquid chromatography-hybrid linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1386:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choi JH, Lamshöft M, Zühlke S, Abd El-Aty AM, Rahman MM, Kim SW, Shim JH, Spiteller M. Analyses and decreasing patterns of veterinary antianxiety medications in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 275:154-165. [PMID: 24857899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonic-assisted extraction method was developed to detect 16 antianxiety medications in soil samples using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The determination method resulted in satisfactory sensitivity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, and within-laboratory reproducibility. Acepromazine, azaperone, and xylazine were incubated in control, amended, and sterilized soils. The amendment with powdered blood meal affected the relatively fast dissipations of acepromazine, azaperone, and xylazine in the soils. Dissipation kinetics of acepromazine were consistent with bi-phasic kinetics (first-order multi compartment) and the other couples were fit to single first-order kinetics. A hydroxylated acepromazine was identified from soil samples using Orbitrap mass spectrometry. According to sorption batch experiments, the adsorption of acepromazine and azaperone was greatly high, whereas that of xylazine was relatively low. Xylazine was persistent in the incubated soils, and acepromazine demonstrated fast initial dissipation; hence, xylazine could have a potential harmful effect on the environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the dissipation and adsorption-desorption patters of animal pharmaceutical tranquilizers and α, β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Heui Choi
- Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Marc Lamshöft
- Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zühlke
- Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Md Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 500-757 Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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