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Ferreira PCL, Thiesen FV, Pereira AG, Zimmer AR, Fröehlich PE. A short overview on mycophenolic acid pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e13997. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Valladao Thiesen
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Andrea Garcia Pereira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Fröehlich
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Comparison of plasma and oral fluid concentrations of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide metabolite by LC-MS in kidney transplant patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75:553-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-02614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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de Oliveira MH, Ferreira PCL, Carlos G, Salazar FR, Bergold AM, Pechansky F, Limberger RP, Fröehlich PE. Pharmacokinetics study of mazindol in plasma, oral fluid, and urine of volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:945-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Saka C. Analytical Strategies for the Determination of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:40-66. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.948679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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de Oliveira MH, Ferreira PCL, Carlos G, Salazar FR, Bergold AM, Pechansky F, Limberger RP, Fröehlich PE. Validation and application of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method for determination of mazindol in human plasma and urine. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 79:1-6. [PMID: 26718151 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even after removal of some stimulants, like fenproporex, amfepramone and mazindol, from Brazilian market, the use of these substances is still high, especially by drivers. Mazindol is the second most used anorectic agent in the world acting as an indirect sympathomimetic agonist, having stimulatory action on central nervous system. Plasma is a good matrix to monitor since it reflects the psychomotor effects of these drugs, but unlike urine has an invasive collection; drug levels and detection time are quite low. METHOD The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction of the samples and a LC-MS analysis was fully validated. Method was used to analyze samples of urine and plasma collected from health volunteers in a period of 24h. Metabolite of mazindol was synthesized using alkaline conditions. RESULTS After validation the method proved to be adequate to analyze samples collected from health volunteers. Method was linear in the concentration range of 0.1-10ng/mL (r=0.9982) for plasma and 5-50ng/mL (r=0.9973) for urine. DISCUSSION Analysis of the samples showed that mazindol can be detected after 1h of administration and that concentration levels in urine were always higher than in plasma. Mazindol metabolite was detected only in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Herbstrith de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Pâmela Cristina Lukasewicz Ferreira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
| | - Graciela Carlos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Salazar
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Bergold
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Centro de Pesquisas Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Álvaro Alvim, 400, 90420-020 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Renata Pereira Limberger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Fröehlich
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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