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Kafle B, Baak J, Brede C. Quantification by LC-MS/MS of astragaloside IV and isoflavones in Astragali radix can be more accurate by using standard addition. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:466-473. [PMID: 32929766 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Astragali radix (AR), the root of Astragalus, is an important medical herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Bioactive components include isoflavones and a unique class of triterpenoid saponins (named astragalosides). OBJECTIVES Accurate measurement of bioactive components, especially astragaloside IV, is necessary for confirming AR authenticity, quality control and future medical research. METHODOLOGY Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a suitable technique but suffers from ion suppression effects due to sample matrix. This can be corrected by using isotopic labelled internal standards, but these are not available for many phytochemicals. We explored the use of standard addition to circumvent this issue. RESULTS LC-MS/MS and liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (LC-UV) detection provided linear calibration curves (R2 > 0.99). LC-MS/MS provided superior selectivity and detection limits below 10 ng/mL, which was 2-3 magnitudes lower than LC-UV detection. Precision and accuracy were overall improved by using LC-MS/MS with diluted sample extracts, resulting in an inter series coefficient of variation (CV) of 12% or less and mean recovery estimates in the 85-115% range. LC-MS/MS quantification by standard addition resulted in significantly higher concentrations of astragaloside IV measured in the samples. Concentrations calculated by standard addition were unaffected by large variation in signal response caused by matrix effects, independent of variation in slope of the standard addition curves. CONCLUSION Sample dilution was helpful but not sufficient for reducing effects of ion suppression. We have shown that LC-MS/MS quantification by standard addition can be a powerful approach for accurate measurement of phytochemicals in the absence of isotopic labelled internal standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Baak
- Medical Health and Research, Tananger, Risavegen 66, 4056, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Guan J, Wang L, Jin J, Chang S, Xiao X, Feng B, Zhu H. Simultaneous determination of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, cinnamic acid, paeoniflorin and albiflorin in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 170:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rao T, Gong YF, Peng JB, Wang YC, He K, Zhou HH, Tan ZR, Lv LZ. Comparative pharmacokinetic study on three formulations of Astragali Radix by an LC-MS/MS method for determination of formononetin in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4563. [PMID: 31025385 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for healing the cardiovascular, liver and immune systems. Recently, superfine pulverizing technology has been applied to developing novel formulations to improve bioavailability of the active constituents in herbs, such as ultrafine granular powder of AR. In this study, a universal and sensitive quantitative method based on LC-MS/MS was employed for determining formononetin, the main flavonoid in AR, in human plasma for comparative pharmacokinetics of three oral formulations of AR. Formononetin and IS (quercetin) were extracted by ethyl acetate from human plasma and were separated on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. Positive-ion electrospray-ionization mode was applied in mass spectrometric detection. The quantitative method was validated with regards to selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability, and was applied to comparing the pharmacokinetics of ultrafine granular powder (UGP), ultrafine powder (UP) and traditional decoction pieces (TDP) of AR after oral administration. The peak concentration and areas under the concentration-time curve of formononetin in UGP and UP were significantly higher than those of TDP. UGP and UP could significantly improve the bioavailability of AR in human compared with TDP after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Bo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Zhi Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang P, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Sun S, Wen X, Guo X, Jiang Z. A UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Bioactive Compounds in Rat Plasma, and its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies of Naoshuantong Granule in Rats. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180409143452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
It is urgently needed to clarify the pharmacokinetic mechanism for the multibioactive
constituents in Traditional Chinese Medicines for its clinical applications. A rapid, sensitive
and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed
and validated for the simultaneous determination of Danshensu, Ferulic acid, Astragaloside IV,
Naringin, Neohesperidin and Puerarin after oral administration of Naoshuantong Granule using Carbamazepine
as internal standard (IS).
Methods:
The plasma samples were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate
after acidification, and separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 column (50×2.1 mm, i.d.,
1.7 µm) by gradient elution with a mobile phase composing of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and
acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with both positive
and negative ion mode was operated using an electrospray ionization (ESI) to detect the six compounds.
Result:
All calibration curves showed good linearity (r>0.99) over a wide concentration range. The
intra- and inter-day precision (RSD%) was below 8.4% and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from 91.1% to
107.5%. The extraction recoveries of the six analytes and IS in the plasma were more than 77.9% and
no severe matrix effect was observed.
Conclusion:
The fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of Naoshuantong
Granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shenmeng Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Tao Y, Huang S, Yang G, Li W, Cai B. A simple and sensitive LC–MS/MS approach for simultaneous quantification of six bioactive compounds in rats following oral administration of aqueous extract and ultrafine powder of Astragalus propinquus: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1096:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim SJ, Shin H, Cheon SM, Ko SM, Ham SH, Kwon YD, Lee YB, Cho HY. A sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of three lignans in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3430-3439. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Shin
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Moon Cheon
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Se-mi Ko
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ham
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine; Jangheung-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dal Kwon
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine; Wonkwang University Gwangju Medical Center; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Cho
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Wei S, Luo C, Chen F, Song S, Shen Q, Mo Z, Wei F. Simultaneous determination of wogonin, oroxylin a, schisandrin, paeoniflorin and emodin in rat serum by HPLC-MS/MS and application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28236316 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wogonin and oroxylin A in Scutellariae Radix, schisandrin in Chinensis Fructus, paeoniflorin in Moutan Cortex and emodin in Polygoni Cuspidate Rhizome et Radix are anti-inflammatory active compounds. A method for simultaneous determination of the five compounds in rat was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The separation was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm) with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases. The detection was performed using multiple-reaction monitoring with electrospray ionization source in positive-negative ion mode. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9955). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL for wogonin and schisandrin, 10 ng/mL for oroxylin A and emodin, and 15 ng/mL for paeoniflorin, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intraday and interday precisions were <11.49 and 14.28%, respectively. The extraction recoveries and matrix effects were acceptable. The analytes were stable under the experiment conditions. The validated method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of the five compounds in rats after oral administration of Hu-gan-kan-kang-yuan capsule. This paper would be a valuable reference for pharmacokinetic studies of Chinese medicine preparations containing the five compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suying Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA
| | - Chaohua Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghuan Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Dai P, Luo F, Wang Y, Jiang H, Wang L, Zhang G, Zhu L, Hu M, Wang X, Lu L, Liu Z. Species- and gender-dependent differences in the glucuronidation of a flavonoid glucoside and its aglycone determined using expressed UGT enzymes and microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 36:622-35. [PMID: 26317684 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids occur naturally as glucosides and aglycones. Their common phenolic hydroxyl groups may trigger extensive UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)- catalysed metabolism. Unlike aglycones, glucosides contain glucose moieties. However, the influence of these glucose moieties on glucuronidation of glucosides and aglycones remains unclear. In this study, the flavonoid glucoside tilianin and its aglycone acacetin were used as model compounds. The glucuronidation characteristics and enzyme kinetics of tilianin and acacetin were compared using human UGT isoforms, liver microsomes and intestinal microsomes obtained from different animal species. Tilianin and acacetin were metabolized into different glucuronides, with UGT1A8 produced as the main isoform. Assessment of enzyme kinetics in UGT1A8, human liver microsomes and human intestinal microsomes revealed that compared with tilianin, acacetin displayed lower Km (0.6-, 0.7- and 0.6-fold, respectively), higher Vmax (20-, 60- and 230-fold, respectively) and higher clearance (30-, 80- and 300-fold, respectively). Furthermore, glucuronidation of acacetin and tilianin showed significant species- and gender-dependent differences. In conclusion, glucuronidation of flavonoid aglycones is faster than that of glucosides in the intestine and the liver. Understanding the metabolism and species- and gender-dependent differences between glucosides and aglycones is crucial for the development of drugs from flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Xin Jiang, 832008, China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ming Hu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Xinchun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Xin Jiang, 832008, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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Li L, Hou X, Xu R, Liu C, Tu M. Research review on the pharmacological effects of astragaloside IV. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 31:17-36. [PMID: 27567103 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge has been used to treat numerous diseases for thousands of years. As the main active substance of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, astragaloside IV (AS-IV) also demonstrates the potent protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, liver fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Based on studies published during the past several decades, the current state of AS-IV research and the pharmacological effects are detailed, elucidated, and summarized. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects, metabolism mechanism, and the toxicity of AS-IV. AS-IV has multiple pharmacologic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidative stress, anti-asthma, antidiabetes, immunoregulation, and cardioprotective effect via numerous signaling pathways. According to the existing studies and clinical practices, AS-IV possesses potential for broad application in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Menbayaer Tu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
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