LC-MS/MS determination of cinacalcet enantiomers in rat plasma on Chirobiotic V column in polar ionic mode: application to a pharmacokinetic study

Enantioseparation of Cinacalcet, and its Two Related Compounds by HPLC with Self-Made Chiral Stationary Phases and Chiral Mobile Phase Additives

Background:

Cinacalcet is one of the second-generation calcimimetics which consists of a chiral center. The pharmacological effect of R-cinacalcet is 1000 times greater than that of the Scinacalcet. As mentioned in many literatures, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine is used as the starting material for the synthesis of cinacalcet. The absolute structure of cinacalcet is influenced by the starting materials.

Methods:

We present the chiral separation of cinacalcet and its starting material, 1-(1-naphthyl) ethylamine along with one of its intermediates, N-(1-(naphthalen-1-yl) ethyl)-3- (3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) propanamide by high-performance liquid chromatography with chiral stationary phase and chiral mobile phase additives.

Results:

On vancomycin and cellulose tri 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase, cinacalcet and 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine achieved enantioseparation under normal phase with addition of triethylamine additives, respectively. Meanwhile, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine and N-(1-(naphthalen-1- yl)ethyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) propanamide achieved enantioseparation on 1-napthalene vancomycin chiral stationary phase using D-tartaric acid, diethyl L-tartrate and diethyl D-tartrate as chiral mobile phase additives.

Conclusion:

The chiral recognition in our experiment was based on the hydrogen-bonding, dipoledipole and π-π interactions among the solutes, chiral stationary phases and chiral mobile phase additives. In addition, the space adaptability of chiral stationary phases also affected the separation efficacy.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Enantioseparations Using Macrocyclic Glycopeptide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases: An Overview

Since their introduction by Daniel W. Armstrong in 1994, antibiotic-based chiral stationary phases have proven their applicability for the chiral resolution of various types of racemates. The unique structure of macrocyclic glycopeptides and their large variety of interactive sites (e.g., hydrophobic pockets, hydroxy, amino and carboxyl groups, halogen atoms, aromatic moieties) are the reasons for their wide-ranging selectivity. The commercially available Chirobiotic™ phases, which display complementary characteristics, are capable of separating a broad variety of enantiomeric compounds with good efficiency, good column loadability, high reproducibility, and long-term stability. These are the major reasons for the frequent use of macrocyclic antibiotic-based stationary phases in HPLC enantioseparations.This overview chapter provides a brief summary of general aspects of antibiotic-based chiral stationary phases including their preparation and their application to direct enantioseparations of various racemates focusing on the literature published since 2004.

Chiral capillary zone electrophoresis in enantioseparation and analysis of cinacalcet impurities: Use of Quality by Design principles in method development

A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomeric purity and of impurities of the chiral calcimimetic drug cinacalcet hydrochloride has been developed following Quality by Design principles. The scouting phase was aimed to select the separation operative mode and to identify a suitable chiral selector. Among the tested cyclodextrins, (2-carboxyethyl)-β-cyclodextrin and (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (HPγCyD) showed good chiral resolving capabilities. The selected separation system was solvent-modified capillary zone electrophoresis with the addition of HPγCyD and methanol. Voltage, buffer pH, methanol concentration and HPγCyD concentration were investigated as critical method parameters by a multivariate strategy. Critical method attributes were represented by enantioresolution and analysis time. A Box-Behnken Design allowed the contour plots to be drawn and quadratic and interaction effects to be highlighted. The Method Operable Design Region (MODR) was identified by applying Monte-Carlo simulations and corresponded to the multidimensional zone where both the critical method attributes fulfilled the requirements with a desired probability π≥90%. The working conditions, with the MODR limits, corresponded to the following: capillary length, 48.5cm; temperature, 18°C; voltage, 26kV (26-27kV); background electrolyte, 150mM phosphate buffer pH 2.70 (2.60-2.80), 3.1mM (3.0-3.5mM) HPγCyD; 2.00% (0.00-8.40%) v/v methanol. Robustness testing was carried out by a Plackett-Burman matrix and finally a method control strategy was defined. The complete separation of the analytes was obtained in about 10min. The method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and was applied for the analysis of a real sample of cinacalcet hydrochloride tablets.

Determination of trantinterol enantiomers in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry using vancomycin chiral stationary phase and solid phase extraction and stereoselective pharmacokinetic application

A sensitive and enantioselective vancomycin chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of trantinterol enantiomers in human plasma. Baseline resolution was achieved using the vancomycin chiral stationary phase known as Chirobiotic V with polar ionic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-methanol (60:40, v/v) containing 0.01% ammonia and 0.02% acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Waters Oasis HLB C18 solid phase extraction cartridges were used in the sample preparation of trantinterol samples from plasma. The detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via electrospray ionization. The calibration curve was linear in a concentration range from 0.0606 to 30.3 ng/mL in plasma, with the lower limit of quantification of 0.0606 ng/mL. The intra- and interday precision (relative standard deviation) values were within 9.7% and the accuracy (relative error) was from -6.6 to 7.2% at all quality control levels. The method was successfully applied to a study of stereoselective pharmacokinetics in human.