Drug-drug interactions between moxifloxacin and rifampicin based on pharmacokinetics in vivo in rats

Effect of Dexketoprofen on the Disposition Kinetics of Moxifloxacin in Plasma and Lung in Male and Female Rats

BACKGROUND

The simultaneous use of NSAIDs and antibiotics is recommended for bacterial diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Moxifloxacin (MFX) and dexketoprofen (DEX) can be used simultaneously in bacterial infections. However, there are no studies on how the simultaneous use of DEX affects the pharmacokinetics of MFX in rats.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DEX on plasma and lung pharmacokinetics of MFX in male and female rats.

METHODS

A total of 132 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: MFX (n=66, 33 males/33 females) and MFX+DEX (n=66, 33 females/33 males). MFX at a dose of 20 mg/kg and DEX at a dose of 25 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally. Plasma and lung concentrations of MFX were determined using the highperformance liquid chromatography-UV and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by noncompartmental analysis.

RESULTS

Simultaneous administration of DEX increased the plasma and lung area under the curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0-8) and peak concentration (Cmax) of MFX in rats, while it significantly decreased the total body clearance (CL/F). When female and male rats were compared, significant differences were detected in AUC0-8, Cmax, CL/F and volume of distribution. The AUC0-8lung/AUC0-8plasma ratios of MFX were calculated as 1.68 and 1.65 in female rats and 5.15 and 4.90 in male rats after single and combined use, respectively.

CONCLUSION

MFX was highly transferred to the lung tissue and this passage was remarkably higher in male rats. However, DEX administration increased the plasma concentration of MFX in both male and female rats but did not change its passage to the lung. However, there is a need for a more detailed investigation of the difference in the pharmacokinetics of MFX in male and female rats.

Investigation of the effects of three different generations of fluoroquinolone derivatives on antioxidant and immunotoxic enzyme levels in different rat tissues

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are synthetic and broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs derived from nalidixic acid. FQs are used against SARS-CoV-2 in our country, and for the treatment of some urinary tract diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory tract diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, and dermatological diseases. The present study investigated the effect of 1-,7-,14-day treatments of three different FQ derivatives; ciprofloxacin (CIP) 80 mg/kg/day, levofloxacin (LVX) 40 mg/kg/day, and moxifloxacin (MXF) 40 mg/kg/day, on biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and immunotoxicity. 72 Wistar albino male rats were distributed to four groups including 18 rats in each group and were sacrificed on three different time points. The 14-day treatment of MXF significantly reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Furthermore, 14-day treatment of LVX increased liver [GSH, MPO, ADA, superoxide dismutase (SOD)], and GSH (erythrocyte) levels; whereas it significantly reduced the levels of AST, TG (triglycerides) and associated parameters levels in all the tissues (MDA), erythrocytes, and liver (MPO, CAT, SOD, GPx). After 14-day treatment of CIP; the erythrocyte levels of GSH, MPO, GPx, and CAT significantly decreased; whereas the levels of glucose, creatinine, MPO (liver), and GST (kidney and erythrocyte) significantly increased. It has been concluded that FQ derivatives used in this experiment did not display any correlation in terms of the efficacies in the different time points and tissues. Thus, it is recommended to use such FQ derivatives considering the duration of use and target tissue.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-193b in patients with glioma and its effect on tumor progression

Emerging evidence has indicated the important roles of microRNAs (miRs) in the pathogenesis of cancer in humans. The present study sought to assess the expression patterns of miR-193b in patients with glioma, and investigated its clinical significance and biological function in this disease. The expression of miR-193b in the serum, tissues and cells of patients with glioma was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Its diagnostic value was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and its prognostic value was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Experiments on glioma cells were conducted to explore the influence of miR-193b on proliferation, migration and invasion. Increased expression of miR-193b was observed in serum, tissues and cells of patients with glioma compared with the corresponding controls (all P<0.05). miR-193b expression was associated with the World Health Organization grading and the Karnofsky Performance Scale of the patients (all P<0.05). The area under the curve of the ROC analysis of miR-193b was 0.903, indicating its high diagnostic accuracy for glioma. High expression of miR-193b was associated with poor overall survival rate in patients (P=0.002). Therefore, miR-193b is a potential independent prognostic factor in glioma. Furthermore, the overexpression of this miR in glioma cells led to increased proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas its inhibition resulted in the opposite effects on these cell behaviors (all P<0.05). Thus, the findings from the present study indicate that the overexpression of miR-193b serves as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of prognosis in glioma. The upregulation of miR-193b expression may enhance glioma progression, and may therefore be a potential target for glioma therapy.

Dihydromyricetin improves vascular hyporesponsiveness in experimental sepsis via attenuating the over-excited MaxiK and KATP channels

CONTEXT

Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has oxidation resistance, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging capabilities. The preventive effects of DMY for vascular hyporeactivity remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the preventive effects of DMY in vascular hyporeactivity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experimental sepsis was induced by transvenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. DMY-treated rats received daily administration of DMY, 5 μg/kg dissolved in DMSO through the tail vein for 7 days. The invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the caudal ventral artery was measured. Dose-response curves for norepinephrine (NE, doses from 10^-9 to 10^-6M) were obtained in isolated thoracic aorta in a cumulative manner. The function of MaxiK and K_ATP channels were investigated using whole-cell patch clamp recording. The Elisa was adopted to measure the serum concentration of NO, MDA, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α.

RESULTS

The increased MAP in septic rats induced by vasopressor agents was smaller than that in control rats. However, the % of increased MAP induced by vasopressor agents was raised by DMY injection (NE: 20.4 ± 8.495 vs. 15.16 ± 5.195%; AVP: 14.05 ± 2.459 vs. 9.583 ± 2.982%, p < 0.05). The vascular hyporesponsiveness to NE (10^-6M) in vitro. was increased by 51% in LPS + DMY group compared with that in LPS + Con group (2.74 ± 0.81 vs. 1.82 ± 0.92 g, p < 0.05). Charybdotoxin (a potent MaxiK channel blocker) and glibenclamide (a K_ATP channel blocker) pretreatment, instead of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and BaCl₂, could diminish the DMY-induced improvement of vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity (ChTX: 73.2 ± 11.8 vs. 71.8 ± 13.5%; Glib: 63.1 ± 12.5 vs. 58.1 ± 13.7%, p > 0.05). DMY blunted the highly sensitized MaxiK and K_ATP channels of arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from the thoracic aorta of LPS rats. DMY decreased the serum level of NO, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α, which had increased in LPS rats.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that DMY administration ameliorated the impaired contractility of the rat aorta in experimental sepsis. Such an effect is mediated by normalization of the over-excited MaxiK and K_ATP, channels possibly via oxidative stress inhibition.