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Li Y, Xu C, Zhou X, Li J, Xu S, Tu Y, Mu X, Huang J, Huang Q, Kang L, Wang H, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Wu C, Zhang J. DNA adductomics aided rapid screening of genotoxic impurities using nucleosides and 3D bioprinted human liver organoids. Talanta 2024; 273:125902. [PMID: 38508126 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Current genotoxicity assessment methods are mainly employed to verify the genotoxic safety of drugs, but do not allow for rapid screening of specific genotoxic impurities (GTIs). In this study, a new approach for the recognition of GTIs has been proposed. It is to expose the complex samples to an in vitro nucleoside incubation model, and then draw complete DNA adduct profiles to infer the structures of potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs). Subsequently, the genotoxicity is confirmed in human by 3D bioprinted human liver organoids. To verify the feasibility of the approach, lansoprazole chloride compound (Lanchlor), a PGI during the synthesis of lansoprazole, was selected as the model drug. After confirming genotoxicity by Comet assay, it was exposed to different models to map and compare the DNA adduct profiles by LC-MS/MS. The results showed Lanchlor could generate diverse DNA adducts, revealing firstly its genotoxicity at molecular mechanism of action. Furthermore, the largest variety and content of DNA adducts were observed in the nucleoside incubation model, while the human liver organoids exhibited similar results with rats. The results showed that the combination of DNA adductomics and 3D bioprinted organoids were useful for the rapid screening of GTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xueting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shiting Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanbo Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xue Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Devision of Inspection Technology Research, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Devision of Inspection Technology Research, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Yaozuo Yuan
- Devision of Inspection Technology Research, Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, 210019, China.
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Junying Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Lou Y, Sun Z, Chai Y, Qin H, Hu Q, Liu Y, Zheng X, Hu Y, Bao M, Gu J, Zhang Y. Simultaneous quantification of donafenib, sorafenib, and their N-oxide metabolites in rat plasma using a HPLC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123871. [PMID: 37717473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Donafenib and sorafenib are small molecule chemotherapy drugs for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, with donafenib being a deuterated derivative of sorafenib. To date, a high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method that quantify donafenib, sorafenib, and their main metabolites has not yet been developed. The objective of this study was to establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous detection of donafenib, donafenib-N-oxide, sorafenib, and sorafenib-N-oxide and for the pharmacokinetic studies in rat. The extraction of all analytes was achieved by simple protein precipitation utilizing acetonitrile. The Waters XBridge C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) was selected, and the analytes could be efficiently separated and quantitated during a 2.8 min gradient elution procedure. The method was linear within the predefined quantification ranges and provided acceptable precision (%CV < 9.4%), reproducible extraction recovery (99.4%-111.5%), and low matrix effect (88.1%-98.6%). The hemolysis effect did not interfere with the quantification of all analytes, and similar results were obtained by changing the anticoagulant K2-EDTA to heparin or sodium citrate. Plasma pharmacokinetics revealed that the values of t1/2, Cmax, and AUC0-t of donafenib were 1.4-, 6.2-, and 3.1-fold higher than those of sorafenib, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed bioassay was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in rat after administration of donafenib and sorafenib. Our work not only improves the bioanalytical method for determining the plasma concentrations of donafenib, sorafenib, and their N-oxide metabolites, but also provides a scientific reference for clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Lou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yitao Chai
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Rand Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Nieto López de la Nieta L, Guzmán Bernardo FJ, Castañeda Peñalvo G, Rodríguez Flores J. Solid phase extraction prior to non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection as a valuable strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring of cabozantinib. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Jones R, Holleran J, Parise RA, Rudek MA, Chan J, Wen Y, Gobburu J, Lewis LD, Beumer JH. Quantitation of Cabozantinib in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:274-279. [PMID: 34240176 PMCID: PMC8946687 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To support a phase III randomized trial of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib in neuroendocrine tumors, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to quantitate cabozantinib in 50 μL of human plasma. After acetonitrile protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was achieved with a Phenomenex synergy polar reverse phase (4 μm, 2 × 50 mm) column and a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water over a 5-min run time. Detection was performed on a Quattromicro quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray, positive-mode ionization. The assay was linear over the concentration range 50-5000 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (103.4-105.4%) and precise (<5.0%CV). Hemolysis (10% RBC) and use of heparin as anticoagulant did not impact quantitation. Recovery from plasma varied between 103.0-107.7% and matrix effect was -47.5 to -41.3%. Plasma freeze-thaw stability (97.7-104.9%), stability for 3 months at -80°C (103.4-111.4%), and stability for 4 h at room temperature (100.1-104.9%) were all acceptable. Incurred sample reanalysis of (N = 64) passed: 100% samples within 20% difference, -0.7% median difference and 1.1% median absolute difference. External validation showed a bias of less than 1.1%. This assay will help further define the clinical pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Jones
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Julianne Holleran
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jennifer Chan
- Dana Farber/Partners CancerCare, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline Ave. Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA
| | - Yujia Wen
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, 125 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60606 , USA
| | - Joga Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201 , USA
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 , USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace St Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Functional evaluation of vandetanib metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 350:109700. [PMID: 34648813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the enzymatic properties of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) variants and their ability to metabolize vandetanib (VNT) in vitro, and to study potential drug interactions in combination with VNT. METHOD Recombinant CYP3A4 cell microsomes were prepared using a Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. Enzymatic reactions were carried out, and the metabolites were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS The activities of 27 CYP3A4 variants were determined to assess the degree of VNT metabolism that occurred. Analysis indicated that there was enhanced intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km, CLint) for eight variants (CYP3A4.2, 3, 9, 15, 16, 29, 32, and 33), while there was a significant decrease in CYP3A4.5, 7, 8, 10-14, 17-20, 23, 24, 28, 31, and 34. Compared with CYP3A4.1, no significant differences were found for CYP3A4.6 and 30. Furthermore, the relative clearances were compared between VNT and cabozantinib, which were all metabolized by CYP3A4 with the same indications. When combined with ketoconazole, which is a CYP inhibitor, obvious differences were observed in the potency of VNT between different variants, including CYP3A4.2, 15, and 18. CONCLUSION This comprehensive assessment of CYP3A4 variants provides significant insights into the allele-specific metabolism of VNT and drug interactions in vitro. We hope that these comprehensive data will provide references and predictions for the clinical application of VNT.
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Concurrent detection of cabozantinib as an anticancer agent and its major metabolites in human serum using fluorescence-coupled micellar liquid chromatography. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Alam P, Salem-Bekhit MM, Al-Joufi FA, Alqarni MH, Shakeel F. Quantitative analysis of cabozantinib in pharmaceutical dosage forms using green RP-HPTLC and green NP-HPTLC methods: A comparative evaluation. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY 2021; 21:100413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2021.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
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Magdy G, Belal F, Abdel Hakiem AF, Abdel-Megied AM. Salmon sperm DNA binding study to cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1852-1862. [PMID: 34062156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, the binding interaction of cabozantinib with salmon sperm DNA (SS-DNA) was studied under simulated physiological conditions (pH 7.4) using fluorescence emission spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, ionic strength measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy, and molecular modeling methods. The obtained experimental data demonstrated an apparent binding interaction of cabozantinib with SS-DNA. The binding constant (Kb) of cabozantinib with SS-DNA evaluated from the Benesi-Hildebrand plot was equal to 5.79 × 105 at 298 K. The entropy and enthalpy changes (∆S0 and ∆H0) in the binding interaction of SS-DNA with cabozantinib were 44.13 J mol-1 K-1 and -19.72 KJ mol-1, respectively, demonstrating that the basic binding interaction forces are hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Results from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, competitive binding interaction with rhodamine B or ethidium bromide, and viscosity measurements revealed that cabozantinib binds to SS-DNA via minor groove binding. The molecular docking results revealed that cabozantinib fits into the AT-rich region of the B-DNA minor groove and the binding site of cabozantinib was 4 base pairs long. Moreover, cabozantinib has eight active torsions, implying a high degree of flexibility in its structure, which played a significant role in the formation of a stable cabozantinib-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt.
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Faried Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Gerner B, Scherf-Clavel O. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabozantinib to Simulate Enterohepatic Recirculation, Drug-Drug Interaction with Rifampin and Liver Impairment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060778. [PMID: 34067429 PMCID: PMC8224782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib (CAB) is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several cancer types. Enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) of the substance is assumed but has not been further investigated yet. CAB is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4 and is susceptible for drug-drug interactions (DDI). The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to investigate EHC, to simulate DDI with Rifampin and to simulate subjects with hepatic impairment. The model was established using PK-Sim® and six human clinical studies. The inclusion of an EHC process into the model led to the most accurate description of the pharmacokinetic behavior of CAB. The model was able to predict plasma concentrations with low bias and good precision. Ninety-seven percent of all simulated plasma concentrations fell within 2-fold of the corresponding concentration observed. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) were predicted correctly (predicted/observed ratio of 0.9-1.2 for AUC and 0.8-1.1 for Cmax). DDI with Rifampin led to a reduction in predicted AUC by 77%. Several physiological parameters were adapted to simulate hepatic impairment correctly. This is the first CAB model used to simulate DDI with Rifampin and hepatic impairment including EHC, which can serve as a starting point for further simulations with regard to special populations.
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Ferrer F, Solas C, Giocanti M, Lacarelle B, Deville JL, Gravis G, Ciccolini J. A simple and rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to assay cabozantinib in plasma: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with renal cell carcinoma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1138:121968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pharmacokinetic and Metabolism Studies of Monomethyl Auristatin F via Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152754. [PMID: 31362431 PMCID: PMC6696338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight–mass spectrometric assay (LC-TOF-MS/MS) has been developed for the evaluation of metabolism and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) in rat, which is being used as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates. LC-TOF-MS/MS method was qualified for the quantification of MMAF in rat plasma. The calibration curves were acceptable over the concentration range from 3.02 to 2200 ng/mL using quadratic regression. MMAF was stable in various conditions. There were no significant matrix effects between rat and other preclinical species. The PK studies showed that the bioavailability of MMAF was 0% with high clearance. Additionally, the metabolite profiling studies, in vitro/in vivo, were performed. Seven metabolites for MMAF were tentatively identified in liver microsome. The major metabolic pathway was demethylation, which was one of the metabolic pathways predicted by MedChem Designer. Therefore, these results will be helpful to understand the PK, catabolism, and metabolism behavior of MMAF comprehensively when developing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the future.
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Lin QM, Li YH, Lu XR, Wang R, Pang NH, Xu RA, Cai JP, Hu GX. Characterization of Genetic Variation in CYP3A4 on the Metabolism of Cabozantinib in Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1583-1590. [PMID: 31293154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a multityrosine kinase inhibitor and has a wide range of applications in the clinic, whose metabolism is predominately dependent on CYP3A4. This study was performed to characterize the enzymatic properties of 29 CYP3A4 alleles toward cabozantinib and the functional changes of five selected alleles (the wild-type, CYP3A4.2.8.14 and .15) toward cabozantinib in the presence of ketoconazole. Cabozantinib, 1-100 μM, with/without the presence of ketoconazole and CYP3A4 enzymes in the incubation system went through 30 min incubation at 37 °C, and the concentrations of cabozantinib N-oxide were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS to calculate the corresponding kinetic parameters of each variant. Collectively, without the presence of ketoconazole, most variants displayed defective enzymatic activities in different degrees, and only CYP3A4.14 and .15 showed significantly augmented enzymatic activities. With the presence of ketoconazole, five tested CYP3A4 alleles, even CYP3A4.14 and .15, exhibited obvious reductions in intrinsic clearance. Besides, we compared cabozantinib with regorafenib in relative clearance to confirm that CYP3A4 has the property of substrate specificity. As the first study of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms toward cabozantinib, our observations can provide prediction of an individual's capability in response to cabozantinib and guidance for medication and treatment of cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Meng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Xiang-Ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ni-Hong Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital , National Center of Gerontology , 100000 Beijing , PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
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Han X, Wen Z, Fan Z, Ma Y, Wang L, Cheng Z. LC-MS/MS assay for the determination of a novel anti-fibrotic candidate mefunidone in monkey plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetics study. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:1057-1064. [PMID: 30869197 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mefunidone (MFD) is a promising anti-fibrotic candidate molecule with greater anti-fibrotic activity than pirfenidone (PFD). However, there has been no report on the methodology used for the quantification of MFD or on any investigation of its pharmacokinetics. In this study, an efficient and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to assay MFD in monkey plasma. This assay method was validated and applied to a pharmacokinetics study in monkeys. The lower limit of quantification of this assay was 0.1 μg·mL-1 , and the linear calibration curve was acquired with R2 > 0.99 between 0.1 and 60 μg·mL-1 . The intra-day and inter-day precision were evaluated with coefficient of variations of 1.5%-5.8%, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 91.7% to 106.9%. A negligible matrix effect and good recovery were obtained using this assay, with average extraction recoveries of MFD and the internal standard (IS) in the range of 85.5%-124.8% and 84.1%-94.0%, respectively. The precision of the absolute matrix effect of MFD and the IS was 1.2-3.0% and 1.2-7.3%, respectively. The samples were stable under all experimental conditions. Linear pharmacokinetics were observed for MFD in monkeys, where the exposures of MFD increased proportionally with increasing MFD doses at the range of 10-90 mg·kg-1 . Moderate elimination of MFD from the body was observed, with t1/2 of 5-7 h, and the elimination rate of MFD was stable during multiple dosing. In conclusion, this method provides an reliable analytical approach for quantification of MFD in plasma and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics study in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhou Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Hunan Huize Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhihong Fan
- Hunan Taixin Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Hunan Taixin Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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