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Xiang ZD, Guan HD, Zhao X, Xie Q, Cai FJ, Xie ZJ, Dang R, Li ML, Wang CH. Protoberberine alkaloids: A review of the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155444. [PMID: 38367423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach diseases have become global health concerns. Protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) are a group of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from abundant natural sources and have been shown to improve gastric disorders in preclinical and clinical studies. The finding that PBAs exhibit low oral bioavailability but potent pharmacological activity has attracted great interest. PURPOSE This review aims to provide a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms of PBAs in the treatment of gastric disorders and to discuss the current understanding of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of PBAs. METHODS The articles related to PBAs were collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using relevant keywords. The collected articles were screened and categorized according to their research content to focus on the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs. RESULTS Based on the results of preclinical studies, PBAs have demonstrated therapeutic effects on chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer by activating interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) pathway and suppressing transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The major PBAs exhibit similar pharmacokinetic properties, including rapid absorption, slow elimination, and low bioavailability. Notably, the natural organ-targeting property of PBAs may account for the finding of their low blood levels and high pharmacological activity. PBAs interact with other compounds, including conventional drugs and natural products, by modulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters. The potential tissue toxicity of PBAs should be emphasized due to their high tissue accumulation. CONCLUSION This review highlights the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs and will contribute to the evaluation of drug properties and clinical translational studies of PBAs, accelerating their transfer from the laboratory to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Dong Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Da Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fu-Jie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe-Jun Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Dang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man-Lin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chang-Hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Cai Y, Yang Q, Yu Y, Yang F, Bai R, Fan X. Efficacy and underlying mechanisms of berberine against lipid metabolic diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283784. [PMID: 38034996 PMCID: PMC10684937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-lowering therapy is an important tool for the treatment of lipid metabolic diseases, which are increasing in prevalence. However, the failure of conventional lipid-lowering drugs to achieve the desired efficacy in some patients, and the side-effects of these drug regimens, highlight the urgent need for novel lipid-lowering drugs. The liver and intestine are important in the production and removal of endogenous and exogenous lipids, respectively, and have an important impact on circulating lipid levels. Elevated circulating lipids predisposes an individual to lipid deposition in the vascular wall, affecting vascular function. Berberine (BBR) modulates liver lipid production and clearance by regulating cellular targets such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). It influences intestinal lipid synthesis and metabolism by modulating gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Finally, BBR maintains vascular function by targeting proteins such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). This paper elucidates and summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms of berberine in lipid metabolic diseases from a multi-organ (liver, intestine, and vascular system) and multi-target perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Cai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoning Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruina Bai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
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Khoshandam A, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacokinetic of berberine, the main constituent of Berberis vulgaris L.: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4063-4079. [PMID: 36221815 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) is a medicinal plant and its main constituent is an isoquinoline alkaloid named berberine that has multiple pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-microbial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-dyslipidemia, and anti-obesity. However, it has restricted clinical uses due to its very poor solubility and bioavailability (less than 1%). It undergoes demethylenation, reduction, and cleavage of the dioxymethylene group in the first phase of metabolism. Its phase two reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation. The liver is the main site for berberine distribution. Berberine could excrete in feces, urine, and bile. Fecal excretion of berberine (11-23%) is higher than urinary and biliary excretion routes. However, a major berberine metabolite is excreted in urine greater than in feces. Concomitant administration of berberine with other drugs such as metformin, cyclosporine A, digoxin, etc. may result in important interactions. Thus, in this review, we gathered and dissected any related animal and human research articles regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of berberine including bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, excretion, and drug-drug interactions. Also, we discussed and gathered various animal and human studies regarding the developed products of berberine with better bioavailability and consequently, better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Khoshandam
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Yan SH, Hu LM, Hao XH, Liu J, Tan XY, Geng ZR, Ma J, Wang ZL. Chemoproteomics reveals berberine directly binds to PKM2 to inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104773. [PMID: 35992091 PMCID: PMC9386086 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most serious tumors and berberine can inhibit the recurrence and transformation of colorectal adenoma into colorectal cancer. However, the direct binding target proteins of berberine in inhibiting colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this study, the chemical proteomics method was used and demonstrated that berberine is directly bound to pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) in colorectal cancer cells. The triangular N-O-O triangular structure of berberine contributed to hydrophobic interaction with I119 amino acid residues and π-π interaction with F244 amino acid residues of PKM2 protein. Moreover, berberine was shown to inhibit the reprogramming of glucose metabolism and the phosphorylation of STAT3, down regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 genes, ultimately inhibiting the progression of colorectal cancer. This study uncovered the direct binding target protein and mechanism of berberine to improve metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer, which is helpful to guide the optimization of berberine. Berberine directly targets PKM2 to inhibit colorectal cancer Berberine forms hydrophobic interaction with I119 and π-π interaction with F244 of PKM2 P-aminobenzoic acid-berberine ester was synthesized to improve the biological activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Li-Mu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ying Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
| | - Zhi-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
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Guo Y, Zhao L, Chang B, Yu J, Bao J, Yao Q, Luo J. The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Applications of Corydalis saxicola Bunting: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822792. [PMID: 35250571 PMCID: PMC8890665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Corydalis saxicola Bunting (CSB) is a perennial herb belonging to genus Corydalis (Papaveraceae), called “Yan-huang-lian” in the Chinese folk. Traditionally, it is used to treat acute conjunctivitis, corneal pannus, acute abdominal pain, hemorrhoidal bleeding, haematochezia, swelling, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concepts. Purpose: This review aims to summarize and analyze the pharmacokinetics, pharmacological and toxicological properties of CSB and its extracts; to highlight the relevance of modern pharmacology to traditional pharmacology; also to assess its therapeutic potential. Methods: CSB related literatures were searched and screened from databases including PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI. The selected literatures provided reliable source identification evidences. Results: In traditional medicine concepts, CSB has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, eliminating dampness, relieving pain, and stopping bleeding. Its modern pharmacology includes hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-oxidative effects. Further, some pharmacological effects support its traditional uses. The CSB total alkaloids (CSBTA) are the main constituents isolated from this plant, and they exert the major of the pharmacological effects. Toxicological studies have shown that the toxicity of CSBTA is mild and reversible in rodents and beagle dogs. Conclusion: Although the present study summarizes the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, toxicity, and applications of this plant, it is still necessary to systemically evaluate the chemistry, safety and parameters related to drug metabolism of the extracts or compounds from this plant before or in clinical trials in the future. Meanwhile, cancers and inflammatory-related diseases may be new research directions of this ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- College of Graduate, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Linjun Zhao
- Xintian Community Health Service Center of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Botao Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- College of Graduate, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiangping Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Yao, ; Jun Luo,
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Yao, ; Jun Luo,
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Hu K, Pang T, Shi Y, Cheng J, Huang Y. Facile preparation of a magnetic porous organic frameworks for highly sensitive determination of eight alkaloids in urine samples based UHPLC-MS/MS. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie 2019; 162:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xie R, Liu M, Li S. Emodin weakens liver inflammatory injury triggered by lipopolysaccharide through elevating microRNA-145 in vitro and in vivo. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1877-1887. [PMID: 31079494 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1614015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RuiJin Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - ShuJie Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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Wen Y, Gong L, Wang L, Zhao N, Sun Q, Kamara MO, Ma H, Meng F. Comparative pharmacokinetics study of leonurine and stachydrine in normal rats and rats with cold‐stagnation and blood‐stasis primary dysmenorrhoea after the administration of
Leonurus japonicus
houtt electuary. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1725-1732. [PMID: 30839168 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐qing Wen
- School of pharmacy China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Li‐ying Gong
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe People's Hospital of Liaoning Province Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of pharmacy China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of pharmacy China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- School of pharmacy China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | | | - Hai‐ying Ma
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
| | - Fan‐hao Meng
- School of pharmacy China Medical University Shenyang P. R. China
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Xia Z, Lv L, Di X, Xue J, Gao Z, Zhang G, Zhang H. The compatibility of six alkaloids in ermiao pill explored by a comparative pharmacokinetic and network pharmacological study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4509. [PMID: 30756408 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Xuemei Di
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Jiyang Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zhen Gao
- School of Software EngineeringTongji University Shanghai China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of PharmacyShanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai P.R. China
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