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Akakpo JY, Olivos H, Shrestha B, Midey A, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Spatial analysis of renal acetaminophen metabolism and its modulation by 4-methylpyrazole with DESI mass spectrometry imaging. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:328-346. [PMID: 38291912 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in acetaminophen (APAP) overdose patients and can negatively impact prognosis. Unfortunately, N-acetylcysteine, which is the standard of care for the treatment of APAP hepatotoxicity does not prevent APAP-induced AKI. We have previously demonstrated the renal metabolism of APAP and identified fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole, 4MP) as a therapeutic option to prevent APAP-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the kidney has several functionally distinct regions, and the dose-dependent effects of APAP on renal response and regional specificity of APAP metabolism are unknown. These aspects were examined in this study using C57BL/6J mice treated with 300-1200 mg/kg APAP and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to provide spatial cues relevant to APAP metabolism and the effects of 4MP. We find that renal APAP metabolism and generation of the nonoxidative (APAP-GLUC and APAP-SULF) and oxidative metabolites (APAP-GSH, APAP-CYS, and APAP-NAC) were dose-dependently increased in the kidney. This was recapitulated on MSI which revealed that APAP overdose causes an accumulation of APAP and APAP GLUC in the inner medulla and APAP-CYS in the outer medulla of the kidney. APAP-GSH, APAP-NAC, and APAP-SULF were localized mainly to the outer medulla and the cortex where CYP2E1 expression was evident. Interestingly, APAP also induced a redistribution of reduced GSH, with an increase in oxidized GSH within the kidney cortex. 4MP ameliorated these region-specific variations in the formation of APAP metabolites in renal tissue sections. In conclusion, APAP metabolism has a distinct regional distribution within the kidney, the understanding of which provides insight into downstream mechanisms of APAP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jephte Yao Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | | | | | - Anthony Midey
- Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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2
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Tawade AK, Khairnar AP, Kamble JV, Kadam AR, Sharma KKK, Powar AA, Patil VS, Patil MR, Mali SS, Hong CK, Tayade SN. Designing a TiO 2-MoO 3-BMIMBr nanocomposite by a solvohydrothermal method using an ionic liquid aqueous mixture: an ultra high sensitive acetaminophen sensor. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21283-21295. [PMID: 37456552 PMCID: PMC10345954 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02611f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows a simplistic, efficient procedure to synthesize TiO2-MoO3-BMIMBr nanocomposites. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have all been used to completely analyse the materials. The detection of acetaminophen (AC) has been examined at a modified glassy carbon electrode with TiO2-MoO3-BMIMBr nanocomposites. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the nanocomposite modified electrode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linear response of AC was observed in the range 8.26-124.03 nM. The sensitivity and detection limits (S/N = 3) were found to be 1.16 μA L mol-1 cm-2 and 11.54 nM by CV and 24 μA L mol-1 cm-2 and 8.16 nM by DPV respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Tawade
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Ajay P Khairnar
- R. F. N. S. Senior Science College Akkalkuwa 425415 Maharashtra India
| | - Jayashri V Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Akash R Kadam
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Kiran Kumar K Sharma
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Anil A Powar
- Department of Chemistry, Walchand College of Engineering Sangli 416415 Maharashtra India
| | - Vijay S Patil
- R. F. N. S. Senior Science College Akkalkuwa 425415 Maharashtra India
| | - Manohar R Patil
- Nanochemistry Research Laboratory, G. T. Patil Collage Nandurbar 425412 Maharashtra India
| | - Sawanta S Mali
- Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
| | - Chang Kook Hong
- Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 South Korea
| | - Shivaji N Tayade
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University Kolhapur 416004 Maharashtra India
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3
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Fabrication of Sulfur-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (S@rGO/GCE) Based Acetaminophen Sensor. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the design and fabrication of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors have received enormous attention from electrochemists. Acetaminophen is an important drug that is used as an antipyretic and analgesic drug throughout the world. It is important to monitor the accurate amount of acetaminophen. Herein, we have prepared sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (S@rGO) using simple strategies. The morphological feature of the S@rGO was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy whereas phase purity and formation of S@rGO were authenticated by X-ray diffraction. Further, the glassy carbon electrode was modified using S@rGO as an electrode modifier and employed as an acetaminophen sensor (S@rGO/GCE). This modified sensor (S@rGO/GCE) demonstrates a reasonable detection limit of 0.07 µM and a sensitivity of 0.957 µA/µMcm2.
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4
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Koehn LM, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Nie S, Chiou SY, Banati RB, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Efflux transporters in rat placenta and developing brain: transcriptomic and functional response to paracetamol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19878. [PMID: 34615937 PMCID: PMC8494792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporters transfer lipid-soluble molecules across cellular interfaces either directly or after enzymatic metabolism. RNAseq analysis identified transcripts for ABC transporters and enzymes in rat E19, P5 and adult brain and choroid plexus and E19 placenta. Their functional capacity to efflux small molecules was studied by quantitative analysis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its metabolites using liquid scintillation counting, autoradiography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Animals were treated acutely (30 min) and chronically (5 days, twice daily) with paracetamol (15 mg/kg) to investigate ability of brain and placenta barriers to regulate ABC transport functionality during extended treatment. Results indicated that transcripts of many efflux-associated ABC transporters were higher in adult brain and choroid plexus than at earlier ages. Chronic treatment upregulated certain transcripts only in adult brain and altered concentrations of paracetamol metabolites in circulation of pregnant dams. Combination of changes to metabolites and transport system transcripts may explain observed changes in paracetamol entry into adult and fetal brains. Analysis of lower paracetamol dosing (3.75 mg/kg) indicated dose-dependent changes in paracetamol metabolism. Transcripts of ABC transporters and enzymes at key barriers responsible for molecular transport into the developing brain showed alterations in paracetamol pharmacokinetics in pregnancy following different treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Koehn
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M D Habgood
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S Y Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - R B Banati
- ANSTO - Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - K M Dziegielewska
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - N R Saunders
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Pietruk K, Gbylik-Sikorska M, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Gajda A, Giorgi M, Sartini I, Jedziniak P. Development of a Multimatrix UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Paracetamol and Its Metabolites in Animal Tissues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072046. [PMID: 33918518 PMCID: PMC8038326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol/acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular pharmacologically active substances used as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The metabolism of this drug occurs in the liver and leads to the formation of two main metabolites-glucuronic acid and sulfate derivate. Despite the wide use of paracetamol in veterinary medicine, a handful of analytical methods were published for the determination of paracetamol residues in animal tissues. In this paper, a multimatrix method has been developed for the determination of paracetamol and two metabolites-paracetamol sulfate (PS) and p-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide (PG). A validation procedure was conducted to verify method reliability and fit purpose as a tool for analyzing acetaminophen and metabolites in muscle, liver, lung, and kidney samples from different species of animals. Established validation parameters were in agreement with acceptable criteria laid by the European legislation. The initial significant matrix effect was successfully reduced by implementing an internal standard-4-Acetamidophenyl β-D-glucuronide-d3 (PG-d3, IS). The usefulness of the developed method was verified by analyzing samples from an experiment in which paracetamol was administrated to geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Pietruk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 81-889-3169
| | - Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, PhD School, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, PhD School, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Piotr Jedziniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.G.-S.); (A.G.); (P.J.)
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6
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Aprioku JS, Gospel P. Concurrent administration of acetaminophen and ethanol: impact on mouse liver and testis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1065-1074. [PMID: 34898134 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and alcohol are widely consumed as analgesic/antipyretic and recreational agent, respectively. High doses of both agents induce liver and male reproductive toxicities. This study investigated the toxicological outcome of concurrent administration of paracetamol and ethanol in the liver and testis in mice. METHODS Animals were gavaged paracetamol (250 mg/kg), ethanol (3 g/kg) or paracetamol + ethanol for 2 d. Some groups were sacrificed 12 h after the last dose, while others were sacrificed 21 d posttreatment for reversibility study. Control group received carboxymethylcellulose sodium (0.2%). Serum levels of liver biochemical indices and epididymal sperm were analysed. Histopathological analysis of the liver and testis were also performed. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin in serum were elevated (p<0.001); whereas albumin and total protein were reduced (p<0.001) in paracetamol or ethanol groups compared to control. In the combination group, only mild elevation of ALT (p<0.05) was observed. Additionally, hepatocyte necrosis occurred in the livers of paracetamol and ethanol groups, while only mild inflammatory changes were seen in the combination group. All liver indices were normal in reversibility study animals. Furthermore, sperm count, motility, viability and morphology did not change in all treated animals, except that sperm count was decreased (p<0.05) in paracetamol group. Testis histology of all animal groups were normal. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that simultaneous treatment with acute paracetamol and ethanol doses will possibly minimize hepatotoxicity and reduction of epididymal sperm reserve by the individual agents, and the toxicities are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Sydney Aprioku
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - Precious Gospel
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
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7
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Bazan HA, Bhattacharjee S, Burgos C, Recio J, Abet V, Pahng AR, Jun B, Heap J, Ledet AJ, Gordon WC, Edwards S, Paul D, Alvarez-Builla J, Bazan NG. A novel pipeline of 2-(benzenesulfonamide)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide analgesics that lack hepatotoxicity and retain antipyresis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112600. [PMID: 32629335 PMCID: PMC7324353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although acetaminophen (ApAP) is one of the most commonly used medicines worldwide, hepatotoxicity is a risk with overdose or in patients with compromised liver function. ApAP overdose is the most common cause of acute fulminant hepatic failure. Oxidation of ApAP to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) is the mechanism for hepatotoxicity. 1 is a non-hepatotoxic, metabolically unstable lipophilic ApAP analog that is not antipyretic. The newly synthesized 3 is a non-hepatotoxic ApAP analog that is stable, lipophilic, and retains analgesia and antipyresis. Intraperitoneal or po administration of the new chemical entities (NCEs), 3b and 3r, in concentrations equal to a toxic dose of ApAP did not result in the formation of NAPQI. Unlike livers from NCE-treated mice, the livers from ApAP-treated mice demonstrated large amounts of nitrotyrosine, a marker of mitochondrial free radical formation, and loss of hepatic tight junction integrity. Given the widespread use of ApAP, hepatotoxicity risk with overuse, and the ongoing opioid epidemic, these NCEs represent a novel, non-narcotic therapeutic pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan A Bazan
- Section of Vascular/Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Carolina Burgos
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQAR, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain
| | - Javier Recio
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQAR, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain
| | - Valentina Abet
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQAR, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain
| | - Amanda R Pahng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jessica Heap
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alexander J Ledet
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - William C Gordon
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Dennis Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Julio Alvarez-Builla
- Department of Organic Chemistry and IQAR, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Jiang D, Shen M, Ahiadu B, Rusling JF. Organ-Specific Screening for Protein Damage Using Magnetic Bead Bioreactors and LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5337-5345. [PMID: 32176468 PMCID: PMC7509849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new 96-well plate methodology for fast, enzyme-multiplexed screening for metabolite-protein adducts was developed. Magnetic beads coated with metabolic enzymes were used to make potentially reactive metabolites that can react with test protein in the wells, followed by sample workup in multiple 96-well filter plates for LC-MS/MS analysis. Incorporation of human microsomes from multiple organs and selected supersomes of single cytochrome P450 (cyt P450) enzymes on the magnetic beads provided a broad spectrum of metabolic enzymes. The reacted protein was then isolated, denatured, reduced, alkylated, and digested, and peptides were collected in a sequence of 96-well filter plates for analysis. Method performance was evaluated by trapping acetaminophen reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) with human glutathione S-transferase pi (hGSTP), human serum albumin (HSA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model target proteins. Relative amounts of acetaminophen metabolite and hGSTP adducts were compared with 10 different cyt P450 enzymes. Human liver microsomes and CYP1A2 supersomes showed the highest bioactivation rate for adduct formation, in which all four cysteines of hGSTP reacted with NAPQI. Eight cysteines of HSA and four cysteines of BSA have been detected to react with NAPQI. This method has the potential for fast multienzyme protein adduct screening with high efficiency and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ben Ahiadu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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