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Sirén H. Research of saccharides and related biocomplexes: A review with recent techniques and applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300668. [PMID: 38699940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides and biocompounds as saccharide (sugar) complexes have various roles and biological functions in living organisms due to modifications via nucleophilic substitution, polymerization, and complex formation reactions. Mostly, mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides are stabilized to inactive glycosides, which are formed in metabolic pathways. Natural saccharides are important in food and environmental monitoring. Glycosides with various functionalities are significant in clinical and medical research. Saccharides are often studied with the chromatographic methods of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and anion exchange chromatograpy, but also with capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with their on-line coupling systems. Sample preparation is important in the identification of saccharide compounds. The cases discussed here focus on bioscience, clinical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Sirén
- Chemicum Building, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abdel Hamid M, Habib A, Mabrouk M, Hammad S, Elshahawy M. Formation of plasmonic silver nanoparticles by glucosamine reduction: Application to a colorimetric sensor for determination of glucosamine in its pharmaceutical preparations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115705. [PMID: 37690186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a novel method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using glucosamine as reducing agent and to utilize the developed method for colorimetric detection and quantitative determination of the non-chromophoric drug, glucosamine. Silver nanoparticles are prepared by reducing 0.02 mol/L silver nitrate by glucosamine in 0.075 mol/L ammonia and stabilizing the nanoparticles with 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and the mixture is heated at 90 °C for 5 min. The prepared silver nanoparticles dispersed in water exhibit a bright yellow color due to a localized surface plasmon resonance band at 412 nm. The principle of glucosamine sensing is based on measuring the intensity of the surface plasmon resonance band at 412 nm which is directly proportional to the concentration of glucosamine with a linearity range (1 - 9 μg/mL), limit of detection 0.33 μg/mL and limit of quantitation 1.0 μg/mL. The proposed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines, and it was found to be accurate, precise, selective, and robust. The method was applied for determination of glucosamine in Joflex® capsules using the standard addition approach with mean % recovery ± standard deviation of 100.077 ± 1.786. The method is simple, rapid, and cost-effective and can be used for determination of glucosamine in bulk and in its pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdel Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Mabrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherin Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elshahawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Cui W, Yang L, Zhang L, Liu Y, Yan Y, Li A, Qin X. Rapid Quantitative Analysis of 19 Bioactive Components in Fangji Huangqi Decoction Based on UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:852-862. [PMID: 36250324 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2023]
Abstract
Fangji Huangqi Decoction (FHD) is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine which is recorded in "Jin Gui Yao Lue". The purpose of this study is to develop a method for simultaneous determination multicomponent in FHD. The separation of the 19 compounds that included calycosin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, formononetin, ononin, methylnissolin, methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside, isomucronulatol, tetrandrine, fangchinoline, atractylenolide-I, atractylenolide-III, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, isomucronulatol-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astragaloside-I, astragaloside-II, astragaloside-III, astragaloside-IV and glycyrrhetinic acid were achieved by linear gradient elution. The 19 components were identified by comparing the chromatographic peaks with the reference compounds and were quantitatively analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring. This method was strict validated with recovery (96.10-101.70%), precision [relative standard deviation (RSD), 1.34-3.34%], stability (RSD, 1.49-3.80%) and repeatability (RSD, 1.60-3.49%), respectively. All the compounds showed good linearities (R2 > 0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the 19 compounds were in the range of 0.03-0.27 μg/mL (LODs) and 0.05-1.23 μg/mL (LOQs). The correlation analysis indicated that astragalus flavonoids were negatively correlated with astragalosides, tetrandrine and their corresponding flavonoid glycosides, and atractylenolides were positively correlated with astragalosides and fangchinoline. This method proved to be reliable and effective, which would give a helpful basis for the quality control, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic of FHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Cui
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
- School of pharmacy, Shanxi Health Vocational College, No. 100, Wenjin Road, Jinzhong Shanxi 030600, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, the Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, China
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Separation of Monosaccharide Anomers on Photo-Click Cysteine-Based Stationary Phase: The α/β Interconversion Process Studied by Dynamic Hydrophilic Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the separation of reducing sugars can typically show three possible typologies of chromatographic profiles (i.e., single peak, two resolved peaks and two peaks interconnected by a plateau) due to the rate at which the relevant α/β anomers interconversion (anomerization) can take place in relation to their elution-time. By analyzing these chromatographic profiles, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of anomerization phenomenon can be extrapolated. In this work we studied the anomerization of some monosaccharides by using a recently developed photo-click cysteine-based stationary phase through dynamic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (D-HILIC) conditions. In the 5–25 °C temperature range, the ΔG#α→β and ΔG#β→α barriers were found to achieve values within the interval 21.1/22.2 kcal/mol for glucose, with differences between α→β and β→α reactions of about 0.4 kcal/mol. For xylose, in the same temperature range, the ΔG#α→β and ΔG#β→α barriers are between 20.7 to 21.5 kcal/mol, with differences between α→β and β→α reactions of about 0.2 kcal/mol. The experimental data are in agreement with those reported in literature, confirming the this new stationary phase using HILIC conditions is a robust platform to measure kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the isomerization reaction.
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Smets R, Van Der Borght M. Enhancing the specificity of chitin determinations through glucosamine analysis via ultra-performance LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3119-3130. [PMID: 33704524 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As chitin is gaining an increased attention as feedstock for industry, quantification thereof is becoming increasingly important. While gravimetric procedures are long, not specific and highly labour-intensive, acidic hydrolysis of chitin into glucosamine followed by quantification of the latter is more performant. Even though several quantification procedures for the determination of chitin can be found in the literature, they give inconsistent results and their accuracy was not assessed due to the lack of certified analytical standards. Therefore, in the present study, commercially available chitin from practical grade was characterised in detail, allowing the assessment of method accuracy. The procedure for the hydrolysis of chitin into glucosamine and subsequent quantification via UPLC-MS was investigated in detail as well. Using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) as derivatisation reagent, glucosamine was quantified using reversed-phase chromatography. For the chitin hydrolysis, the highest glucosamine recovery was obtained with 8.0 M HCl for 2 h at 100 °C. The entire procedure for chitin quantification, including the hydrolysis, was characterised by high interday and intraday precision and accuracy. The specificity of the procedure was assessed as well by analysing different mixtures of cellulose and chitin. Chitin recoveries from these analyses ranged from 98.8 to 105.8% while no signal was observed for 100% cellulose, indicating the high specificity of the procedure. It was also concluded that the procedure is much faster and less labour-intensive compared to the gravimetric procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Smets
- Lab4Food, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Mik Van Der Borght
- Lab4Food, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440, Geel, Belgium.
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Crha T, Pazourek J. Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091164. [PMID: 32846904 PMCID: PMC7555359 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known as Palatinose) from other common edible carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and maltodextrins, which are commonly present in food and dietary supplements. This method was applied to determine isomaltulose in selected food supplements for special diets and athletic performance. Due to the selectivity of the separation system, this method can also be used for rapid profiling analysis of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides in food.
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