Sharma P, Kumar D, Mutnuri S. Probing the degradation of pharmaceuticals in urine using MFC and studying their removal efficiency by UPLC-MS/MS.
J Pharm Anal 2020;
11:320-329. [PMID:
34277120 PMCID:
PMC8264381 DOI:
10.1016/j.jpha.2020.04.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer. However, urine also contains pharmaceuticals, steroid hormones, etc. and their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. The current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, lamivudine, levofloxacin, and estrone) at a concentration of 2 μg/mL. The MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as feed. The degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied, for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/mL. The maximum removal rate achieved was 96% ± 2%. The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic biodegradation. The voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content; however, after the reactor acclimatization, increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention time. This work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.
Biodegradation of the pharmaceuticals was shown in urine using MFC system.
MFC experiment conducted with urine spiked with four pharmaceuticals belonging to different class.
The developed LCMS method was used to quantify the rate of degradation.
Maximum degradation rate of 96 ± 2% was achieved.
The microbial oxidation of organics in MFC suggest that it can be a promising technology for pharmaceuticals degradation from urine.
Collapse