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Bajek-Bil A, Chmiel M, Włoch A, Stompor-Gorący M. Baicalin-Current Trends in Detection Methods and Health-Promoting Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040570. [PMID: 37111327 PMCID: PMC10146343 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (7-D-glucuronic acid-5,6-dihydroxyflavone) belongs to natural flavonoids extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, the plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been proven that baicalin has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-apoptotic ones. However, it is essential not only to determine the medical usefulness of baicalin, but also to find and develop the most effective methods for its extraction and detection. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current methods of detection and identification of baicalin and to present the medical applications of baicalin and the underlying mechanisms of its action. Based on the review of the latest literature, it can be concluded that liquid chromatography alone or together with mass spectrometry is the most commonly used method for the determination of baicalin. Recently, also new electrochemical methods have been established, e.g., biosensors with fluorescence, which have better detection limits, sensitivity, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bajek-Bil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marcelina Chmiel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Włoch
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Yang XY, Zhu YW, Fan L, Yi SY. A strategy combining chemical analysis and network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral solution in cough. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5592. [PMID: 36733235 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral Solution (XQZS) is a commonly used TCM formula to treat cough in children in China. Its complicated composition renders its chemical analysis and mechanism elucidation difficult. To evaluate the bioactive components and mechanism of XQZS against cough, we used a combination strategy of chemical analysis and network pharmacology. A UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS method was established for the identification and qualitative analysis of components of XQZS, and a total of 33 components were unambiguously identified. Aiming at identifying the components, network pharmacology revealed 107 potential targets related to cough. Using protein-protein interactions analysis, nine core targets were selected. Several cough-related pathways were enriched using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse and dopaminergic synapse. The herb-compound-target-pathway network indicated that PTGS2 (COX-2) was the core target of XQZS against cough. To demonstrate the inhibition effects of the major components against the key target, a COX-2 inhibitor screening assay was used. Compounds P2, P4, P23 and P49 exhibited promising inhibition effects on COX-2 at 20 μm, with inhibitory rates of 55.80-69.87%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that XQZS may alleviate cough via the inhibition of PTGS2 (COX-2) and the regulation of the serotonergic synapse pathway. The chemical analysis and network pharmacology integrated evaluation provided an efficient strategy for discovering the key pharmacological mechanism of XQZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Shan-Yong Yi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, AnHui, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu'an, AnHui, China
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Zhou X, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Mendoza R, Truong J, Chan K. A comparative study of Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix & Rhizoma raw material and granule products using chromatographic analysis and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Xu W, Niu Y, Ai X, Xia C, Geng P, Zhu H, Zhou W, Huang H, Shi X. Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Facilitate the Bioavailability and Anti-HBV Efficacy of Baicalin In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040900. [PMID: 35453650 PMCID: PMC9025464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy of baicalin (BA) is mediated by HBV-related hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs). However, this efficacy is severely limited by the low bioavailability of BA. Therefore, a novel liver-targeted BA liposome was constructed to promote the bioavailability and antiviral ability of BA. The results showed that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)–modified liposomes (BAA1) significantly enhanced BA’s cellular uptake and specific distribution in the liver. Furthermore, the substantial inhibitory effects of BAA1 on HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV RNA, and HBV DNA were assessed in HB-infected cells and mice. Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and transcriptomics analysis further revealed that the enhanced anti-HBV efficacy of BAA1 was attributed to the interaction between hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) and estrogen receptors (ERs). Based on the findings, we propose that the ApoA1-modified liposomes aid BA in inhibiting HBV transcription and replication by augmenting its bioavailability and the HNFs–ERs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Yijun Niu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Xin Ai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Chengjie Xia
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Ping Geng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Han Dan Road, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54237431; Fax: +86-21-51980037
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Gong D, Zhai M, Yang F, Sun G, Zhang H. Rapid determination of twelve bioactive components in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic and in vitro-in vivo correlation study of compound liquorice tablets. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ancuceanu R, Dinu M, Dinu-Pirvu C, Anuţa V, Negulescu V. Pharmacokinetics of B-Ring Unsubstituted Flavones. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E370. [PMID: 31374885 PMCID: PMC6723510 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B-ring unsubstituted flavones (of which the most widely known are chrysin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A) are 2-phenylchromen-4-one molecules of which the B-ring is devoid of any hydroxy, methoxy, or other substituent. They may be found naturally in a number of herbal products used for therapeutic purposes, and several have been designed by researchers and obtained in the laboratory. They have generated interest in the scientific community for their potential use in a variety of pathologies, and understanding their pharmacokinetics is important for a grasp of their optimal use. Based on a comprehensive survey of the relevant literature, this paper examines their absorption (with deglycosylation as a preliminary step) and their fate in the body, from metabolism to excretion. Differences among species (inter-individual) and within the same species (intra-individual) variability have been examined based on the available data, and finally, knowledge gaps and directions of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Dinu-Pirvu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Valentina Anuţa
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Vlad Negulescu
- Department of Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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