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Mishra N, Gutheil WG. Stereoselective Amine-omics Using Heavy Atom Isotope Labeled l- and d-Marfey's Reagents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1217-1226. [PMID: 38683793 PMCID: PMC11160435 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological amines and amino acids play essential roles in many biochemical processes. The chemical complexity of biological samples is challenging, and the selective identification and quantification of amines and amino acid stereoisomers would be very useful for amine-focused "amino-omics" studies. Many amines and amino acids are chiral, and their stereoisomers cannot be resolved on achiral media without chiral derivatization. In prior studies, we demonstrated the use of Marfey's reagent─a chiral derivatization reagent for amines and phenolic OH groups─for the LC-MS/MS resolution and quantification of amines and amino acid stereoisomers. In this study, a heavy atom isotope labeled Marfey's reagent approach for the stereoselective detection and quantification of amines and amino acids was developed. Heavy (13C2) l-Marfey's (Hl-Mar) and heavy (2H3) d-Marfey's (Hd-Mar) were synthesized from 13C2-l-Ala and 2H3-d-Ala, respectively. Both light and heavy Marfey's reagents were used to derivatize standard amine mixtures, which were analyzed by LC-QToF-HRMS. Aligned peak lists were comparatively analyzed by light vs heavy Mar mass differences to identify mono-, di-, and tri-Marfey's adducts and then by the retention time difference between l- and d-Mar derivatives to identify stereoisomers. This approach was then applied to identify achiral and chiral amine and amino acid components in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) extract. This approach shows high analytical selectivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish
R. Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - William G. Gutheil
- Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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2
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Absolute Stereochemistry Determination of Bioactive Marine-Derived Cyclopeptides by Liquid Chromatography Methods: An Update Review (2018-2022). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020615. [PMID: 36677673 PMCID: PMC9867211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopeptides are considered as one of the most important classes of compounds derived from marine sources, due to their structural diversity and a myriad of their biological and pharmacological activities. Since marine-derived cyclopeptides consist of different amino acids, many of which are non-proteinogenic, they possess various stereogenic centers. In this respect, the structure elucidation of new molecular scaffolds obtained from natural sources, including marine-derived cyclopeptides, can become a very challenging task. The determination of the absolute configurations of the amino acid residues is accomplished, in most cases, by performing acidic hydrolysis, followed by analyses by liquid chromatography (LC). In a continuation with the authors' previous publication, and to analyze the current trends, the present review covers recently published works (from January 2018 to November 2022) regarding new cyclopeptides from marine organisms, with a special focus on their biological/pharmacological activities and the absolute stereochemical assignment of the amino acid residues. Ninety-one unreported marine-derived cyclopeptides were identified during this period, most of which displayed anticancer or antimicrobial activities. Marfey's method, which involves LC, was found to be the most frequently used for this purpose.
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3
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Xie C, Chen Y, Wang X, Song Y, Shen Y, Diao X, Zhu L, Wang J, Cai Z. Chiral derivatization-enabled discrimination and on-tissue detection of proteinogenic amino acids by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14114-14123. [PMID: 36540812 PMCID: PMC9728562 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03604e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of chiral amino acids (AAs) in living organisms has been widely recognized since the discovery of endogenous d-AAs as potential biomarkers in several metabolic disorders. Chiral analysis by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has the advantages of high speed and sensitivity but is still in its infancy. Here, an N α-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-l-alaninamide (FDAA) derivatization is combined with trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) for chiral AA analysis. For the first time, we demonstrate the simultaneous separation of 19 pairs of chiral proteinogenic AAs in a single fixed condition TIMS-MS run. The utility of this approach is presented for mouse brain extracts by direct-infusion TIMS-MS. The robust separation ability in complex biological samples was proven in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) TIMS mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as well by directly depositing 19 pairs of chiral AAs on a tissue slide following on-tissue derivatization. In addition, endogenous chiral amino acids were also detected and distinguished. The developed methods show compelling application prospects in biomarker discovery and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Xin Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Jianing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
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4
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Pérez-Victoria I, Crespo G, Reyes F. Expanding the utility of Marfey's analysis by using HPLC-SPE-NMR to determine the C β configuration of threonine and isoleucine residues in natural peptides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8063-8070. [PMID: 36194241 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The determination of amino acid chirality in natural peptides is typically addressed by Marfey's analysis. This approach relies on the complete hydrolysis of the peptide followed by the reaction of the resulting amino acid pool with Marfey's reagent, a chiral derivatizing agent which turns amino acid enantiomers into diastereomeric pairs which can be resolved by conventional reversed-phase HPLC. However, for certain amino acids possessing a second chiral centre at Cβ, the discrimination between the two possible epimers may still be challenging due to the lack of chromatographic resolution. Such is the case of isoleucine and threonine which can also be found in natural nonribosomal peptides as their allo-diastereomers. We describe a new approach based on the extension of Marfey's analysis using HPLC-SPE-NMR to sort out this challenge. Marfey's derivatives of these epimeric amino acids at Cβ can be differentiated by their distinct NMR spectra. Thus, simple comparison of the NMR spectra of trapped HPLC peaks with the corresponding spectra of standards enables the unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration at the second chiral centre in such cases. The general applicability of this approach is showcased for two model cyclic peptides bearing L-Ile and L-Thr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Pérez-Victoria
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Gloria Crespo
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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5
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Bogos LG, Pralea IE, Moldovan RC, Iuga CA. Indirect Enantioseparations: Recent Advances in Chiral Metabolomics for Biomedical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137428. [PMID: 35806433 PMCID: PMC9267260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral metabolomics is starting to become a well-defined research field, powered by the recent advances in separation techniques. This review aimed to cover the most relevant advances in indirect enantioseparations of endogenous metabolites that were published over the last 10 years, including improvements and development of new chiral derivatizing agents, along with advances in separation methodologies. Moreover, special emphasis is put on exciting advances in separation techniques combined with mass spectrometry, such as chiral discrimination by ion-mobility mass spectrometry together with untargeted strategies for profiling of chiral metabolites in complex matrices. These advances signify a leap in chiral metabolomics technologies that will surely offer a solid base to better understand the specific roles of enantiomeric metabolites in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa-Gabriela Bogos
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-G.B.); (I.-E.P.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-G.B.); (I.-E.P.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-G.B.); (I.-E.P.); (C.-A.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advanced Medicine–MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-G.B.); (I.-E.P.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Aldholmi M, Ahmad R, Carretero‐Molina D, Pérez‐Victoria I, Martín J, Reyes F, Genilloud O, Gourbeyre L, Gefflaut T, Carlsson H, Maklakov A, O'Neill E, Field RA, Wilkinson B, O'Connell M, Ganesan A. Euglenatides, Potent Antiproliferative Cyclic Peptides Isolated from the Freshwater Photosynthetic Microalga Euglena gracilis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203175. [PMID: 35325497 PMCID: PMC9321709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
By limiting the nitrogen source to glutamic acid, we isolated cyclic peptides from Euglena gracilis containing asparagine and non-proteinogenic amino acids. Structure elucidation was accomplished through spectroscopic methods, mass spectrometry and chemical degradation. The euglenatides potently inhibit pathogenic fungi and cancer cell lines e.g., euglenatide B exhibiting IC50 values of 4.3 μM in Aspergillus fumigatus and 0.29 μM in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In an unprecedented convergence of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase assembly-line biosynthesis between unicellular species and the metazoan kingdom, euglenatides bear resemblance to nemamides from Caenorhabditis elegans and inhibited both producing organisms E. gracilis and C. elegans. By molecular network analysis, we detected over forty euglenatide-like metabolites in E. gracilis, E. sanguinea and E. mutabilis, suggesting an important biological role for these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aldholmi
- Natural Products and Alternative MedicineCollege of Clinical PharmacyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative MedicineCollege of Clinical PharmacyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam31441Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carretero‐Molina
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Ignacio Pérez‐Victoria
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINACentro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en AndalucíaAvenida del Conocimiento 3418016ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Léa Gourbeyre
- Université Clermont AuvergneClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal63000Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Thierry Gefflaut
- Université Clermont AuvergneClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal63000Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Hanne Carlsson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Alexei Maklakov
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Ellis O'Neill
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | | | - Maria O'Connell
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - A. Ganesan
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
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7
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Aldholmi M, Ahmad R, Carretero‐Molina D, Pérez‐Victoria I, Martín J, Reyes F, Genilloud O, Gourbeyre L, Gefflaut T, Carlsson H, Maklakov A, O'Neill E, Field RA, Wilkinson B, O'Connell M, Ganesan A. Euglenatides, Potent Antiproliferative Cyclic Peptides Isolated from the Freshwater Photosynthetic Microalga
Euglena gracilis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aldholmi
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicine College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicine College of Clinical Pharmacy Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carretero‐Molina
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez‐Victoria
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía Avenida del Conocimiento 34 18016 Armilla Granada Spain
| | - Léa Gourbeyre
- Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Thierry Gefflaut
- Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Hanne Carlsson
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Alexei Maklakov
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ellis O'Neill
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Robert A. Field
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | | | - Maria O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - A. Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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Bhushan R. 'Ab Ovo' Chiral Phases and Chiral Reagents for Liquid Chromatographic Separation and Isolation of Enantiomers. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100295. [PMID: 35005840 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The de-novo approach of mixing chirally pure reagents or Cu(II)-L-amino acid complexes in the slurry of silica gel for preparing TLC plates was reported from author's laboratory and was successful for separation and isolation of enantiomers. Using high molar absorptivity molecules, e. g., 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cyanuric chloride, more than 38 new chiral derivatizing reagents were synthesized in our laboratory by straightforward nucleophilic substitution with simple chiral auxiliaries. Besides, (S)-naproxen, (S)-ketoprofen, and (S)-levofloxacin were used as chiral platforms. A conceptual approach using both achiral phases in chromatography for enantioseparation was also adopted. 1 H NMR and DFT based software were used to explain structures of non-covalent and covalent diastereomeric pairs and determination of configuration and separation mechanism. The methods can be easily used to determine and control enantiomeric purity with advantages over a variety of commercial chiral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, India
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9
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Karongo R, Ge M, Geibel C, Horak J, Lämmerhofer M. Enantioselective multiple heart cutting online two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of all proteinogenic amino acids with second dimension chiral separations in one-minute time scales on a chiral tandem column. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338858. [PMID: 34538327 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a unique, robust and fully automated analytical platform technology for the enantioselective amino acid analysis using a multiple heart cutting RPLC-enantio/stereoselective HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS method. This 2D-LC method allows the full enantioselective separation of 20 proteinogenic AAs plus 5 isobaric analogues, namely allo-Threonine (aThr), homoserine (Hse), allo-isoleucine (aIle), tert-Leucine (Tle) and Norleucine (Nle), after pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC; AccQ). This N-terminal AA-derivatization method introduces on the one hand beneficial chromatographic properties for 1D RP-LC (stronger retention) and 2D chiral separation (better chiral recognition), and on the other hand favorable detection properties with its chromophoric, fluorophoric, and easily ionizable quinoline mass tag. The entire separation occurs within a total 2DLC run time of 45 min, which includes the 1D-RP run and the 68 s 2D chiral separations of 30 heart-cuts (from the 1D-RP-run) on a chiral quinine carbamate (core-shell QNAX/fully porous ZWIX) tandem column. This relatively short overall run time was only possible by utilizing the highly efficient "smart peak parking" algorithm for the heart cuts and the resulting optimized analysis order thereof. 1D retention time precisions of <0.21% RSD were a requirement for the time-based sampling mode and finally led to a robust, fully automated enantioselective amino acid analysis platform. This achiral-chiral 2DLC method was applied for the amino acid stereoconfiguration assignment of three peptides (aureobasidin A, a lipopeptide research sample, and octreotide) using an L-[u-13C15N] labelled internal AA standard mix spiked to each sample. The isotopically labelled L-AA standard allowed an easy and straightforward identification and configuration assignment, as well as the relative quantification of amino acids within the investigated peptides, allowing the direct determination of the number of respective amino acids and their chirality within a peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Min Ge
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Bhushan R. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation, determination, bioassay and isolation of enantiomers of Ketorolac: A review. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2021.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractKetorolac (Ket) is a potent non-narcotic analgesic drug (among the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The physiological activity of Ket resides with (S)-(−)-Ket while the drug is marketed and administered as a racemic mixture. Therefore, it is desirable that the pharmacokinetics is measured and quantified for enantiomers individually and not as a total drug. The present paper is focused on relevant literature on LC enantioseparation of (RS)-Ket along with bioassay, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies within the discipline of analytical chemistry. HPLC and Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods using both direct and indirect approaches are discussed. The methods provide chirality recognition even in the absence of pure enantiomers. Besides, a brief discussion on resolution by crystallization and enzymatic methods is included. The most interesting aspects include establishment of structure and molecular asymmetry of diastereomeric derivatives using LC-MS, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and by drawing conformations in three dimensional views by using certain software. A brief discussion has also been provided on the recovery of native enantiomers by TLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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11
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Abstract
Lanthipeptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products characterized by the presence of lanthionine and methyllanthionine. During the maturation of select lanthipeptides, five different alterations have been observed to the chemical structure of the peptide backbone. First, dehydratases generate dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine from Ser or Thr residues, respectively. A second example of introduction of unsaturation is the oxidative decarboxylation of C-terminal Cys residues catalyzed by the decarboxylase LanD. Both modifications result in loss of chirality at the α-carbon of the amino acid residues. Attack of a cysteine thiol onto a dehydrated amino acid results in thioether crosslink formation with either inversion or retention of the l-stereochemical configuration at the α-carbon of former Ser and Thr residues. A fourth modification of the protein backbone is the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acids to afford d-amino acids catalyzed by NAD(P)H-dependent reductases. A fifth modification is the conversion of Asp to isoAsp. Herein, the methods used to produce and characterize the lanthipeptide bicereucin will be described in detail along with a brief overview of other lanthipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Ayikpoe
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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12
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Loganathan D, Yi R, Patel B, Zhang J, Kong N. A sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the detection, resolution and quantitation of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2147-2161. [PMID: 33517480 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of cathinone enantiomers in equine anti-doping analysis is becoming more important to distinguish the inadvertent ingestion of plant-based products from those of deliberate administration of designer synthetic analogs. With this in mind, a rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the detection, resolution and quantitative determination of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine. The analytes were recovered from the blood plasma and urine matrices by using a liquid-liquid extraction after adjusting the pH to 9. The recovered analytes were derivatized with Nα-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-L-valinamide, a chiral derivatizing agent analogous to Marfey's reagent. The resulting diastereoisomers were baseline resolved under a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic condition. Derivatization of the analytes not only allowed the separation of the enantiomers using cost-effective traditional liquid chromatography conditions and reversed-phase columns but also increased the sensitivity, at least to an order of magnitude, when tandem mass spectrometry is used for the detection. A limit of detection of 0.05 ng/mL was achieved for cathinone enantiomers for both matrices. Acceptable intraday and interday precision and accuracy along with satisfactory dilution accuracy and precision were observed during the method validation. The method suitability was tested using the post administration urine samples collected after single doses of cathinone and ephedrine as single-enantiomeric form and methcathinone as racemic form. Finally, a proof of concept of the isomeric ratio in urine samples to distinguish the presence of cathinone as a result of accidental ingestion of plant-based product from that of an illicit use of a designer product is demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such work where cathinone enantiomers were resolved and quantified in horse blood plasma and urine at sub nanogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Loganathan
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada.
| | - Rong Yi
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Patel
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Julia Zhang
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Noel Kong
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
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