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Koly HK, Sutradhar K, Rahman MS. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Alzheimer's disease: identification of potential phytochemicals and designing more effective derivatives to manage disease condition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12532-12544. [PMID: 36651199 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2166992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disease characterized by gradual memory loss and cognitive impairments. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors-such as donepezil, memantine, and tacrine-are FDA-approved medications for AD treatment. Due to the lack of their efficacy and higher side effects, many researchers have been searching for effective and safer alternatives. In this study, experimentally proved phytochemicals against brain diseases were screened based on their binding energies to the target site of AChE, pharmacokinetic properties, and drug-likeness. Although some phytochemicals showed higher binding affinities than the control drug (donepezil), they did not show permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, berberine, anthocyanin, and diterpene alkaloid can cross the BBB and showed good binding affinities of -10.3, -10.1, and -10.2 kcal/mol, respectively. MD simulation and PCA of the simulation data of the protein and protein-ligand complexes proved that the complexes are stable in the biological environment. A total of 16 derivatives of berberine and 3 derivatives of anthocyanin also showed higher binding energies compared to the binding affinity (-11.5 kcal/mol) of the donepezil. The derivatives were designed by substituting -F, -CF3, -CN, and -NH2, and provided higher docking scores due to increasing of nonbonding interactions. MM/GBSA calculations show that the binding free energies of the best predicted derivatives of diterpene alkaloid, anthocyanin, and berberine (DA22, AC11, and BB40) are -100.4 ± 8.4, -79.3 ± 8.7, and -78.3 ± 10.7 kcal/mol, respectively, with the protein. Overall, this study was successful in finding new, highly effective, and possibly safer inhibitors of AChE.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazera Khatun Koly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Kakan Sutradhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Md Sajjadur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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Han X, Sun J, Niu T, Mao B, Gao S, Zhao P, Sun L. Molecular Insight into the Binding of Astilbin with Human Serum Albumin and Its Effect on Antioxidant Characteristics of Astilbin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144487. [PMID: 35889360 PMCID: PMC9321622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside identified in many natural plants and functional food with promising biological activities which is used as an antioxidant in the pharmaceutical and food fields. This work investigated the interaction between astilbin and human serum albumin (HSA) and their effects on the antioxidant activity of astilbin by multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies. The experimental results show that astilbin quenches the fluorescence emission of HSA through a static quenching mechanism. Astilbin and HSA prefer to bind at the Site Ⅰ position, which is mainly maintained by electrostatic force, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Multi-spectroscopic and MD results indicate that the secondary structure of HSA could be changed because of the interaction of astilbin with HSA. DPPH radical scavenging assay shows that the presence of HSA reduces the antioxidant capacity of astilbin. The explication of astilbin–HSA binding mechanism will provide insights into clinical use and resource development of astilbin in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianmei Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Beibei Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Shijie Gao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Linlin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (X.H.); (J.S.); (T.N.); (B.M.)
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (L.S.)
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Ding S, Lu G, Wang B, Xiang J, Hu C, Lin Z, Ding Y, Xiao W, Gong W. Astilbin Activates the Reactive Oxidative Species/PPARγ Pathway to Suppress Effector CD4 + T Cell Activities via Direct Binding With Cytochrome P450 1B1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848957. [PMID: 35652039 PMCID: PMC9150850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astilbin, as a compound of flavonoids, exerts anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immune-suppression activities. Decreased activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK and increased activation of SOCS3 and AMPK have been found in astilbin-treated cells. However, what molecules are docked by astilbin to initiate signaling cascades and result in functional changes remains unknown. In the study, we found that astilbin efficiently suppressed TNF-α production and increased CCR9 and CD36 expression of CD4+ T cells. In vivo administration of astilbin repressed the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice. The PPARγ/SOCS3, PPARγ/PTEN, and PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathways were substantially activated and played key roles in astilbin-induced downregulation of CD4+ T cell functions. Transcriptome sequencing results confirmed the changes of signaling molecules involved in the immune system, inflammatory responses, and indicated variations of multiple enzymes with oxidant or antioxidant activities. Astilbin directly induced cytoplasmic ROS production of CD4+ T cells ex vivo, but had no effects on mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial weight. When cellular ROS was depleted, astilbin-treated CD4+ T cells remarkably reversed the expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCR9, CD36, and signaling molecules (PPARγ, PTEN, p-AMPK, and SOCS3). Based on bioinformatics, two P450 enzymes (CYP1B1 and CYP19A1) were selected as candidate receptors for astilbin. CYP1B1 was identified as a real docking protein of astilbin in ROS production by AutoDock Vina software analysis and surface plasmon resonance assay. Collectively, astilbin downregulates effector CD4+ T cell activities via the CYP1B1/ROS/PPARγ pathway, which firmly supports its potential use in the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Biying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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