Metabolomic analysis of amino acids and organic acids in aging mouse eyes using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Chrysophanol inhibits of colorectal cancer cell motility and energy metabolism by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 oncogenic complex

BACKGROUND

Expression of the KITENIN/ErbB4 oncogenic complex is associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer to distant organs and lymph nodes and is linked with poor prognosis and poor survival.

METHODS

Here, we used in vitro and in silico methods to test the ability of chrysophanol, a molecule of natural origin, to suppress the progression of colorectal cancer by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 complex.

RESULTS

Chrysophanol binds to ErbB4, disrupting the ErbB4/KITENIN complex and causing autophagic degradation of KITENIN. We demonstrated that chrysophanol binds to ErbB4 according to a molecular docking model. Chrysophanol reversed KITENIN-mediated effects on cell motility, aerobic glycolysis, and expression of downstream effector genes. Moreover, under conditions of KITENIN overexpression, chrysophanol suppressed the production of onco-metabolites.

CONCLUSION

Chrysophanol suppresses oncogenic activities by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 complex.

Diesel-derived PM2.5 induces impairment of cardiac movement followed by mitochondria dysfunction in cardiomyocytes

Particulate matter (PM) in polluted air can be exposed to the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, accumulating in various organs throughout the body. Organ accumulation of PM is a growing health concern, particularly in the cardiovascular system. PM emissions are formed in the air by solid particles, liquid droplets, and fuel - particularly diesel - combustion. PM_2.5 (size < 2.5 μm particle) is a major risk factor for approximately 200,000 premature deaths annually caused by air pollution. This study assessed the deleterious effects of diesel-derived PM_2.5 exposure in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocyte cell lines. The PM_2.5-induced biological changes, including ultrastructure, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, viability, and intracellular ATP levels, were analyzed. Moreover, we analyzed changes in transcriptomics using RNA sequencing and metabolomics using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in PM_2.5-treated HL-1 cells. Ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy revealed disruption of mitochondrial cristae structures in a PM_2.5 dose-dependent manner. The elevation of ROS levels and reduction in cell viability and ATP levels were similarly observed in a PM_2.5 dose-dependently. In addition, 6,005 genes were differentially expressed (fold change cut-off ± 4) from a total of 45,777 identified genes, and 20 amino acids (AAs) were differentially expressed (fold change cut-off ± 1.2) from a total of 28 identified AAs profiles. Using bioinformatic analysis with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software, we found that the changes in the transcriptome and metabolome are highly related to changes in biological functions, including homeostasis of Ca²⁺, depolarization of mitochondria, the function of mitochondria, synthesis of ATP, and cardiomyopathy. Moreover, an integrated single omics network was constructed by combining the transcriptome and the metabolome. In silico prediction analysis with IPA predicted that upregulation of mitochondria depolarization, ROS generation, cardiomyopathy, suppression of Ca²⁺ homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and ATP synthesis occurred in PM_2.5-treated HL-1 cells. In particular, the cardiac movement of HL-1 was significantly reduced after PM_2.5 treatment. In conclusion, our results assessed the harmful effects of PM_2.5 on mitochondrial function and analyzed the biological changes related to cardiac movement, which is potentially associated with cardiovascular diseases.