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The Quantification of Paclitaxel and Its Two Major Metabolites in Biological Samples by HPLC-MS/MS and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic and Tumor Distribution Study in Xenograft Nude Mouse. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031027. [PMID: 36770692 PMCID: PMC9919154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of Paclitaxel (PTX), 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel (6α-OHP), and p-3'-hydroxypaclitaxel (3'-OHP) in mouse plasma and tumor tissue. The analytes were separated using a C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry device equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied for their detection. PTX, 6α-OHP, and 3'-OHP were extracted from the biological samples with the solid-phase extraction cartridge. The method was fully validated according to the FDA's guidance. The method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.5~1000.0 ng/mL for PTX and 0.25~500.0 ng/mL for 6α-OHP and 3'-OHP. The precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, and matrix effects were within acceptable limits. The present method was successfully applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics and distribution of PTX, 6α-OHP, and 3'-OHP in the tumors of post xenograft nude mice intravenously injected with PTX solution.
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van der Noll R, Jager A, Ang JE, Marchetti S, Mergui-Roelvink MWJ, Lolkema MP, de Jonge MJA, van der Biessen DA, Brunetto AT, Arkenau HT, Tchakov I, Beijnen JH, de Bono JS, Schellens JHM. Phase I study of continuous olaparib capsule dosing in combination with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel (Part 1). Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:1117-1128. [PMID: 31667659 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The PARP inhibitor olaparib has shown acceptable toxicity at doses of up to 400 mg twice daily (bid; capsule formulation) with encouraging signs of antitumor activity. Based on its mode of action, olaparib may sensitize tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. This Phase I trial (NCT00516724) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of olaparib combined with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel. Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors received olaparib (capsule bid) plus carboplatin (Part A), carboplatin and paclitaxel (Part B), or paclitaxel (Part C). In each part of the study, different drug doses were given to define the most appropriate dose/drug combination to use in further studies. Safety assessments included evaluation of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; cycle 1 only), adverse events (AEs) and physical examinations. PK assessments of olaparib, carboplatin and paclitaxel were performed. Tumor responses (RECIST) were assessed every two cycles. Results Fifty-seven patients received treatment. DLTs were reported in two patients (both receiving olaparib 100 mg bid and carboplatin AUC 4; Part A, cohort 2): grade 1 thrombocytopenia with grade 2 neutropenia lasting for 16 days, and grade 2 neutropenia lasting for 7 days. Non-hematologic AEs were predominantly grade 1-2 and included fatigue (70%) and nausea (40%). Bone marrow suppression, mainly neutropenia (51%) and thrombocytopenia (25%), frequently led to dose modifications. Conclusions Olaparib in combination with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel resulted in increased hematologic toxicities, making it challenging to establish a dosing regimen that could be tolerated for multiple cycles without dose modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud van der Noll
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joo Ern Ang
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Serena Marchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W J Mergui-Roelvink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Maja J A de Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane A van der Biessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre T Brunetto
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Ilian Tchakov
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Park Estate, Macclesfield, SK10 4TF, UK
- Eisai, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, AL10 9SN, UK
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Science s (UIPS), Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512, JE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Science s (UIPS), Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512, JE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chagas CM, Moss S, Alisaraie L. Drug metabolites and their effects on the development of adverse reactions: Revisiting Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:133-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Posocco B, Buzzo M, Follegot A, Giodini L, Sorio R, Marangon E, Toffoli G. A new high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of paclitaxel and 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel in human plasma: Development, validation and application in a clinical pharmacokinetic study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193500. [PMID: 29474420 PMCID: PMC5825125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel belongs to the taxanes family and it is used, alone or in multidrug regimens, for the therapy of several solid tumours, such as breast-, lung-, head and neck-, and ovarian cancer. Standard dosing of chemotherapy does not take into account the many inter-patient differences that make drug exposure highly variable, thus leading to the insurgence of severe toxicity. This is particularly true for paclitaxel considering that a relationship between haematological toxicity and plasma exposure was found. Therefore, in order to treat patients with the correct dose of paclitaxel, improving the overall benefit–risk ratio, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is necessary. In order to quantify paclitaxel and its main metabolite, 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel, in patients’ plasma, we developed a new, sensitive and specific HPLC–MS/MS method applicable to all paclitaxel dosages used in clinical routine. The developed method used a small volume of plasma sample and is based on quick protein precipitation. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved with a SunFire™ C18 column (3.5 μM, 92 Å, 2,1 x 150 mm); the mobile phases were 0.1% formic acid/bidistilled water and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile. The electrospray ionization source worked in positive ion mode and the mass spectrometer operated in selected reaction monitoring mode. Our bioanalytical method was successfully validated according to the FDA-EMA guidelines on bioanalytical method validation. The calibration curves resulted linear (R2 ≥0.9948) over the concentration ranges (1–10000 ng/mL for paclitaxel and 1–1000 ng/mL for 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel) and were characterized by a good accuracy and precision. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were determined on three quality control concentrations for paclitaxel and 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel and resulted respectively <9.9% and within 91.1–114.8%. In addition, to further verify the assay reproducibility, we tested this method by re-analysing the incurred samples. This bioanalytical method was employed with success to a genotype-guided phase Ib study of weekly paclitaxel in ovarian cancer patients treated with a wide range of drug’s dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mauro Buzzo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Andrea Follegot
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Luciana Giodini
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Oncology Unit B, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, CRO- National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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Li D, Zhao G, Ai W, Li G, Si L, Huang J, Chen Y, Wu S. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS bioanalysis of etoposide and paclitaxel in mouse tissues and plasma after oral administration of self-microemulsifying drug-delivery systems. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4192. [PMID: 29349799 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy; Shenzhen University Genneral Hospital; Shenzhen Guangdong People' Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research; Jianmin Pharmaceutical Group; Wuhan People' Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy; Shenzhen University Genneral Hospital; Shenzhen Guangdong People' Republic of China
| | - Gao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
| | - Luqin Si
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
| | - Yunzhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan People' Republic of China
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Xie F, De Thaye E, Vermeulen A, Van Bocxlaer J, Colin P. A dried blood spot assay for paclitaxel and its metabolites. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zheng N, Lian B, Du W, Xu G, Ji J. Extraction protocol and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determining micelle-entrapped paclitaxel at the cellular and subcellular levels: Application to a cellular uptake and distribution study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Furman C, Carpentier R, Barczyk A, Chavatte P, Betbeder D, Lipka E. Development and validation of a reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of paclitaxel in different PLGA nanocarriers. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2536-2541. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Furman
- Inserm; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Plateforme de Binding; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Inserm; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- CHRU de Lille; U995-LIRIC France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
| | - Amélie Barczyk
- Inserm; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Plateforme de Binding; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Institut de Chimie A. Lespagnol; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Inserm; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Plateforme de Binding; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Institut de Chimie A. Lespagnol; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
| | - Didier Betbeder
- Inserm; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- CHRU de Lille; U995-LIRIC France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Inserm; U995-LIRIC Lille France
- Faculté de Pharmacie; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique; Université de Lille; U995-LIRIC Lille France
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Crotti S, Posocco B, Marangon E, Nitti D, Toffoli G, Agostini M. Mass spectrometry in the pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer natural products. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:213-251. [PMID: 26280357 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the history of medicine, nature has represented the main source of medical products. Indeed, the therapeutic use of plants certainly goes back to the Sumerian and Hippocrates and nowadays nature still represents the major source for new drugs discovery. Moreover, in the cancer treatment, drugs are either natural compounds or have been developed from naturally occurring parent compounds firstly isolated from plants and microbes from terrestrial and marine environment. A critical element of an anticancer drug is represented by its severe toxicities and, after administration, the drug concentrations have to remain in an appropriate range to be effective. Anyway, the drug dosage defined during the clinical studies could be inappropriate for an individual patient due to differences in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. For this reason, personalized medicine, based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), represents one of most important challenges in cancer therapy. Mass spectrometry sensitivity, specificity and fastness lead to elect this technique as the Golden Standard for pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism studies therefore for TDM. This review focuses on the mass spectrometry-based methods developed for pharmacokinetic quantification in human plasma of anticancer drugs derived from natural sources and already used in clinical practice. Particular emphasis was placed both on the pre-analytical and analytical steps, such as: sample preparation procedures, sample size required by the analysis and the limit of quantification of drugs and metabolites to give some insights on the clinical practice applicability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:213-251, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crotti
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Keizer RJ, Jansen RS, Rosing H, Thijssen B, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Huitema ADR. Incorporation of concentration data below the limit of quantification in population pharmacokinetic analyses. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00131. [PMID: 26038706 PMCID: PMC4448983 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Handling of data below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), below the limit of quantification (BLOQ) in population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses is important for reducing bias and imprecision in parameter estimation. We aimed to evaluate whether using the concentration data below the LLOQ has superior performance over several established methods. The performance of this approach (“All data”) was evaluated and compared to other methods: “Discard,” “LLOQ/2,” and “LIKE” (likelihood-based). An analytical and residual error model was constructed on the basis of in-house analytical method validations and analyses from literature, with additional included variability to account for model misspecification. Simulation analyses were performed for various levels of BLOQ, several structural PopPK models, and additional influences. Performance was evaluated by relative root mean squared error (RMSE), and run success for the various BLOQ approaches. Performance was also evaluated for a real PopPK data set. For all PopPK models and levels of censoring, RMSE values were lowest using “All data.” Performance of the “LIKE” method was better than the “LLOQ/2” or “Discard” method. Differences between all methods were small at the lowest level of BLOQ censoring. “LIKE” method resulted in low successful minimization (<50%) and covariance step success (<30%), although estimates were obtained in most runs (∼90%). For the real PK data set (7.4% BLOQ), similar parameter estimates were obtained using all methods. Incorporation of BLOQ concentrations showed superior performance in terms of bias and precision over established BLOQ methods, and shown to be feasible in a real PopPK analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron J Keizer
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco Box 2911, San Francisco, California, 94143 ; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Thijssen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Division of Drug Toxicology, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Division of Drug Toxicology, Section of Biomedical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Hospital/the Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Human CD14+ cells loaded with Paclitaxel inhibit in vitro cell proliferation of glioblastoma. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:310-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Quantification of taxanes in biological matrices: a review of bioanalytical assays and recommendations for development of new assays. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:993-1010. [PMID: 24806907 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the isolation of paclitaxel and its approval for the treatment of breast cancer, various taxanes and taxane formulations have been developed. To date, almost 100 bioanalytical assays have been published with the method development and optimization often extensively discussed by the authors. This Review presents an overview of assays published between January 1970 and September 2013 that described method development and validation of assays used to quantify taxanes in biological matrices such as plasma, urine, feces and tissue samples. For liquid chromatography assays, sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation and assay performance are compared. Since this Review discusses the limitations of previously developed liquid chromatography assays and gives recommendations for future assay development, it can be used as a reference for future development of liquid chromatography assays for the quantification of taxanes in various biological matrices to support preclinical and clinical studies.
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Li P, Albrecht BJ, Yan X, Gao M, Weng HR, Bartlett MG. A rapid analytical method for the quantification of paclitaxel in rat plasma and brain tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2127-34. [PMID: 23996385 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Paclitaxel, an antitumor agent for the treatment of several types of cancers, has recently been reported to cause impaired cognitive function and neuropathic pain in humans. To assess the effects of paclitaxel on the central nervous system, a sensitive and accurate method is required to quantify paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and brain tissue obtained from rodents receiving paclitaxel. METHODS The biological samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and separated by a 3.5 min reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) method using a BDS Hypersil C8 column under isocratic conditions. Paclitaxel was quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer working in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode. A stable isotope labeled analogue of paclitaxel was used as the internal standard (IS). RESULTS The method was validated to be precise and accurate within the dynamic range of 0.5-100 ng/mL based on 100 μL plasma and 1.5-300 ng/g based on 33 mg of brain tissue in homogenate. This method was applied to samples from 2 mg/kg intravenously dosed rats. The plasma concentrations were observed to be 26.62 ± 8.93 ng/mL and brain concentrations 11.08 ± 4.18 ng/g when measured 4 h post-dose. CONCLUSIONS This rapid LC/MS/MS method was validated to be sensitive, specific, precise and accurate for the quantification of paclitaxel in rat plasma and brain tissue homogenate. Application of the method to study samples provided sufficient proof of blood-brain barrier penetration of paclitaxel, allowing further investigation of its influence on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, USA
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A rapid and sensitive determination of paclitaxel in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS method: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Moes J, Koolen S, Huitema A, Schellens J, Beijnen J, Nuijen B. Development of an oral solid dispersion formulation for use in low-dose metronomic chemotherapy of paclitaxel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hendrikx JJ, Lagas JS, Rosing H, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A act together in restricting the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2439-47. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yamaguchi H, Fujikawa A, Ito H, Tanaka N, Furugen A, Miyamori K, Takahashi N, Ogura J, Kobayashi M, Yamada T, Mano N, Iseki K. Quantitative determination of paclitaxel and its metabolites, 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel andp-3′-hydroxypaclitaxel, in human plasma using column-switching liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:539-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Asuka Fujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Kazuaki Miyamori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Natsuko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-8638; Japan
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamada
- Department of Pharmacy; Hokkaido University Hospital; Sapporo; 060-8648; Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University Hospital; Sendai; 980-8574; Japan
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Yan L, YanYan J, MinChun C, Jing Y, Ying S, ChengTao L, Jie G, CaiYang L, ZhenXing Z, AiDong W, Yi D. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Felotaxel, a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug, in Rat Plasma and in Human Plasma and Urine. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:292-6. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vasantha Kumar S, Srinath S, Saha RN. A Simple and Rapid 3D View Method for Selective and Sensitive Determination of Paclitaxel in Micro Volume Rat Plasma by LC-Diode Array UV and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:259-70. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Therapeutic drug monitoring and LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hendrikx JJ, Hillebrand MJ, Thijssen B, Rosing H, Schinkel AH, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. A sensitive combined assay for the quantification of paclitaxel, docetaxel and ritonavir in human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2984-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nageswara Rao R, Satyanarayana Raju S, Mastan Vali R, Sarma VUM, Girija Sankar G. LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of paclitaxel on dried blood spots. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:616-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - S. Satyanarayana Raju
- Organic Division-I; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - R. Mastan Vali
- Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - V. U. M. Sarma
- Organic Division-I; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - G. Girija Sankar
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmacy; Andhra University; Visakhapatnam-530003; India
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Li CM, Lu Y, Ahn S, Narayanan R, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Competitive mass spectrometry binding assay for characterization of three binding sites of tubulin. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:1160-1166. [PMID: 20814887 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin is an attractive and established target for anticancer therapy. To date, the only method to determine the binding of inhibitor to tubulin has been competitive radioligand binding assays. We developed a non-radioactive mass spectrometry (MS) binding assay to study the tubulin binding of colchicine, vinblastine and paclitaxel and to identify which of these three binding sites that a novel inhibitor binds. The method involves a very simple step of separating the unbound ligand from macromolecules using ultrafiltration. The unbound ligand in the filtrate can be accurately determined using highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was validated using podophyllotoxin, vincristine and docetaxel, drugs that compete to the colchicine-, vinblastine- and paclitaxel-binding sites in tubulin, respectively. This competitive binding assay allowed the reliable detection of interactions of these drugs with three binding sites on tubulin. This method was subsequently applied to determine the tubulin-binding site of 4-substituted methoxylbenzoyl-aryl-thiazoles (SMART-H), a potent antitubulin agent developed in our laboratory. The results indicated that SMART-H specifically and reversibly bound only to the colchicine-binding site, but not to vinblastine- or paclitaxel sites. This new non-radioligand binding method to determine the binding site on tubulin will function as a useful tool to study the binding sites of tubulin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method for the determination of the novel oral 1,14 substituted taxane derivatives, IDN 5738 and IDN 5839, in mouse plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:4147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jiang SG, Zu YG, Zhang L, Fu YJ, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hua X, Wang JT. Determination of a hydrophilic paclitaxel derivative, 7-xylosyl-10-deacetylpaclitaxel in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Luo H, Nie YK, Fu YJ, Zu YG, Li SM, Liu W, Zhang L, Luo M, Kong Y, Li ZN. Determination of main taxoids in Taxus
species by microwave-assisted extraction combined with LC-MS/MS analysis. J Sep Sci 2008; 32:192-201. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Fetterly GJ, Grasela TH, Sherman JW, Dul JL, Grahn A, Lecomte D, Fiedler-Kelly J, Damjanov N, Fishman M, Kane MP, Rubin EH, Tan AR. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation of neutropenia during phase I development of liposome-entrapped paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5856-63. [PMID: 18794097 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and pharmacokinetics of liposome-entrapped paclitaxel easy-to-use (LEP-ETU) and to characterize the relationship between LEP-ETU concentrations and the time course of neutropenia in cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN LEP-ETU was administered to 88 patients and 63 were evaluable for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis following 1.5- and 3-h infusions every 3 weeks (q3w; dose range, 135-375 mg/m(2)). MTD was identified using a 3 + 3, up-and-down dose-finding algorithm. PK/PD modeling was done to describe the temporal relationship between paclitaxel concentrations and neutrophil count. Simulations assessed the influence of dose and schedule on neutropenia severity to help guide dose selection. RESULTS The MTD of LEP-ETU was identified as 325 mg/m(2). DLTs occurring at 375 mg/m(2) consisted of febrile neutropenia and neuropathy. The C(max) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of LEP-ETU were less than proportional with increasing dose. The PK/PD model showed that LEP-ETU inhibition of neutrophil proliferation was 9.1% per 10 mug/mL of total paclitaxel concentration. The incidence of grade 4 neutropenia increased from 33% to 42% across the dose range of 275 to 325 mg/m(2) q3w. For a dose of 110 mg/m(2) given weekly, grade 4 neutropenia was estimated to be 16% compared with 42% for the same total dose administered q3w. CONCLUSIONS LEP-ETU can be administered safely at higher doses than Taxol. Modeling and simulation studies predict that 325 mg/m(2) LEP-ETU q3w provides acceptable neutropenic events relative to those observed at 175 mg/m(2) Taxol q3w. A 275 mg/m(2) dose may offer an improved therapeutic index.
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Damen CWN, Rosing H, Tibben MM, van Maanen MJ, Lagas JS, Schinkel AH, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. A sensitive assay for the quantitative analysis of vinorelbine in mouse and human EDTA plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 868:102-9. [PMID: 18501686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and fast high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay for the determination of vinorelbine in mouse and human plasma is presented. A 200 microL aliquot was extracted with solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Bond-Elut C(2) cartridges. Dried extracts were reconstituted in 100 microL 1 mM ammonium acetate pH 10.5-acetonitrile-methanol (21:9:70, v/v/v) containing the internal standard vintriptol (100 ng/mL) and 10 microL volumes were injected onto the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on a 50 mm x 2.0 mm i.d. Gemini C(18) column using isocratic elution with 1 mM ammonium acetate pH 10.5-acetonitrile-methanol (21:9:70, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. HPLC run time was only 5 min. Detection was performed using positive ion electrospray ionization followed by tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The assay quantifies vinorelbine from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL using human plasma sample volumes of 200 microL. With this method vinorelbine can be measured in mouse plasma samples when these samples are diluted eight times in control human plasma. Calibration samples prepared in control human plasma can be used for the quantification of the drug. The lower limit of quantification in mouse plasma is 0.8 ng/mL. This assay is used to support preclinical and clinical pharmacologic studies with vinorelbine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola W N Damen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hu X, Sun J, Wang G, Zhu X, Hao G, Gu Y, Pruijn FB. LC–MS–MS Study of the Pharmacokinetics of a 9-β-Dihydro-9,10-O-acetal Derivative of Docetaxel in Rats and Beagle Dogs. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Veltkamp SA, Rosing H, Huitema ADR, Fetell MR, Nol A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Novel paclitaxel formulations for oral application: a phase I pharmacokinetic study in patients with solid tumours. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 60:635-42. [PMID: 17205304 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of paclitaxel and two major metabolites after three single oral administrations of a novel drinking solution and two capsule formulations in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with advanced cancer. Moreover, the tolerability and safety of the formulations was studied. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene were determined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten patients were enrolled and randomized to receive CsA 10 mg/kg followed by oral paclitaxel 180 mg given as (1) drinking solution (formulation 1), (2) capsule formulation 2B, and (3) capsule formulation 2C on day 1, 8, or 15. RESULTS The median C (max) of paclitaxel was 0.42 (0.23-0.96), 0.48 (0.08-0.59), and 0.39 (0.11-1.03) microg/ml and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 2.83 (1.69-5.12), 2.01 (1.57-3.04), and 2.67 (1.05-3.61) mug h/ml following administration of formulations 1, 2B, and 2C, respectively. The novel formulations were tolerated after single oral dose without causing relevant gastrointestinal or haematological toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The PK and metabolism of paclitaxel were comparable between the oral formulations co-administered with CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Veltkamp
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1520-1531. [PMID: 17103385 DOI: 10.1002/jms.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Lagas JS, Vlaming ML, van Tellingen O, Wagenaar E, Jansen RS, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Multidrug resistance protein 2 is an important determinant of paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6125-32. [PMID: 17062689 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1) efficiently transports lipophilic amphipathic drugs, including the widely used anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol). We found previously that human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) also transports paclitaxel in vitro, and although we expected that paclitaxel pharmacokinetics would be dominated by P-gp, the effect of Mrp2 was tested in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated and characterized Mdr1a/1b/Mrp2(-/-) mice, allowing assessment of the distinct roles of Mrp2 and Mdr1a/1b P-gp in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Surprisingly, the effect of Mrp2 on i.v. administration of paclitaxel was as great as that of P-gp. The area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)i.v. in both Mrp2(-/-) and Mdr1a/1b(-/-) mice was 1.3-fold higher than in wild-type mice, and in Mdr1a/1b/Mrp2(-/-) mice, a 1.7-fold increase was found. In spite of this similar effect, Mrp2 and P-gp had mostly complementary functions in paclitaxel elimination. Mrp2 dominated the hepatobiliary excretion, which was reduced by 80% in Mrp2(-/-) mice. In contrast, P-gp dominated the direct intestinal excretion, with a minor role for Mrp2. The AUCoral of paclitaxel was 8.5-fold increased by Mdr1a/1b deficiency but not affected by Mrp2 deficiency. However, in the absence of Mdr1a/1b P-gp, additional Mrp2 deficiency increased the AUCoral another 1.7-fold. CONCLUSIONS Thus far, Mrp2 was thought to mainly affect organic anionic drugs in vivo. Our data show that Mrp2 can also be a major determinant of the pharmacokinetic behavior of highly lipophilic anticancer drugs, even in the presence of other efficient transporters. Variation in MRP2 activity might thus directly affect the effective exposure to paclitaxel, on i.v. administration, but also on oral administration, especially when P-gp activity is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen S Lagas
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Veltkamp SA, Thijssen B, Garrigue JS, Lambert G, Lallemand F, Binlich F, Huitema ADR, Nuijen B, Nol A, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. A novel self-microemulsifying formulation of paclitaxel for oral administration to patients with advanced cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:729-34. [PMID: 16926835 PMCID: PMC2360510 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the parmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of paclitaxel after oral administration of SMEOF#3, a novel Self-Microemulsifying Oily Formulation, in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with advanced cancer. Seven patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive oral paclitaxel (SMEOF#3) 160 mg+CsA 700 mg on day 1, followed by oral paclitaxel (Taxol®) 160 mg+CsA 700 mg on day 8 (group I) or vice versa (group II). Patients received paclitaxel (Taxol®) 160 mg as 3-h infusion on day 15. The median (range) area under the plasma concentration–time curve of paclitaxel was 2.06 (1.15–3.47) μg h ml−1 and 1.97 (0.58–3.22) μg h ml−1 after oral administration of SMEOF#3 and Taxol®, respectively, and 4.69 (3.90–6.09) μg h ml−1 after intravenous Taxol®. Oral SMEOF#3 resulted in a lower median Tmax of 2.0 (0.5–2.0) h than orally applied Taxol® (Tmax=4.0 (0.8–6.1) h, P=0.02). The median apparent bioavailability of paclitaxel was 40 (19–83)% and 55 (9–70)% for the oral SMEOF#3 and oral Taxol® formulation, respectively. Oral paclitaxel administered as SMEOF#3 or Taxol® was safe and well tolerated by the patients. Remarkably, the SMEOF#3 formulation resulted in a significantly lower Tmax than orally applied Taxol®, probably due to the excipients in the SMEOF#3 formulation resulting in a higher absorption rate of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Veltkamp
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Veltkamp SA, Alderden-Los C, Sharma A, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. A pharmacokinetic and safety study of a novel polymeric paclitaxel formulation for oral application. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 59:43-50. [PMID: 16680462 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a new oral formulation of paclitaxel containing the polymer polyvinyl acetate phthalate in patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of six patients received oral paclitaxel as single agent given as a single dose of 100 mg on day 1, oral paclitaxel 100 mg in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) 10 mg/kg both given as a single dose on day 8, and i.v. paclitaxel (Taxol) 100 mg as a 3-h infusion on day 15. RESULTS The AUC (mean +/- standard deviation) values of paclitaxel after oral administration without CsA and with CsA were 476 +/- 254 and 967 +/- 779 ng/ml h, respectively. T (max) was 4.0 +/- 0.9 h after oral paclitaxel without CsA, and 6.0 +/- 3.1 h after oral paclitaxel with CsA. The mean AUC after oral administration as single agent was 13% of the AUC after i.v. administration of paclitaxel, and increased to 26% after co-administration with CsA. No haematological toxicities were observed, and only mild (CTC-grade 1 and 2) non-hematological toxicities occurred after oral intake of paclitaxel with or without CsA. CONCLUSION The AUC of the new polymeric paclitaxel formulation increased a factor 2 in combination with CsA, which confirms that CsA co-administration can also improve exposure to paclitaxel after oral administration of a polymeric formulation. Because of the delayed release of paclitaxel from this formulation, we hypothesize that a split-dose regimen of CsA where it is administered before and after paclitaxel administration will further increase the systemic exposure to paclitaxel up to therapeutic levels. The formulation was well tolerated at the dose of 100 mg without induction of severe toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Veltkamp
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Frankfort SV, Ouwehand M, van Maanen MJ, Rosing H, Tulner LR, Beijnen JH. A simple and sensitive assay for the quantitative analysis of rivastigmine and its metabolite NAP 226-90 in human EDTA plasma using coupled liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3330-6. [PMID: 17044120 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) assay for the determination of rivastigmine and its major metabolite NAP 226-90 is presented. A 100 microL plasma aliquot was spiked with a structural analogue of rivastigmine as internal standard (PKF214-976-AE-1) and proteins were precipitated by adding 200 microL of methanol. After centrifugation a volume of 100 microL of the clear supernatant was mixed with 100 microL of methanol/water (30:70, v/v) and volumes of 25 microL were injected onto the HPLC system. Separation was acquired on a 150 x 2.0 mm i.d. Gemini C18 column using a gradient system with 10 mM ammonium hydroxide and methanol. Detection was performed by using a turboionspray interface and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring by tandem mass spectrometry. The assay quantifies rivastigmine from 0.25 to 50 ng/mL and its metabolite NAP 226-90 from 0.50 to 25 ng/mL, using human plasma samples of 100 microL. Validation results demonstrate that rivastigmine and metabolite concentrations can be accurately and precisely quantified in human EDTA plasma. This assay is now used to support clinical pharmacologic studies with rivastigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne V Frankfort
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gardner ER, Liau CT, Chu ZE, Figg WD, Sparreboom A. Determination of paclitaxel in human plasma following the administration of Genaxol or Genetaxyl by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2170-4. [PMID: 16779869 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific assay for paclitaxel in plasma has been developed to overcome limitations in previously published assays, using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Plasma samples (100 microL) were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane/acetonitrile (4:1, v/v), with [(2)H(5)]paclitaxel employed as the internal standard. Chromatography was carried out with a Waters SymmetryShield C8 column (50 x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm). The total run time, including equilibration, was 8 min, using a gradient of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 4.0. The assay is accurate and precise over the range of 2-2500 ng/mL and has been successfully applied to study the clinical pharmacokinetics of two formulations of paclitaxel, Genaxol and Genetaxyl, given orally and intravenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Gardner
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Core, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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