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Harada M, Kato Y, Tsuji C, Higuchi T, Minami A, Furomitsu S, Arakawa A. Acidic Derivatization of Thiols Using Diethyl 2-Methylenemalonate: Thiol-Michael Addition Click Reaction for Simultaneous Analysis of Cysteine and Cystine in Culture Media Using LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6459-6466. [PMID: 38592893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) and its oxidized form, cystine (Cys2), play crucial roles in biological systems and have considerable applications in cell culture. However, Cys in cell culture media is easily oxidized to Cys2, leading to solubility issues. Traditional analytical methods struggle to maintain the oxidation states of Cys and Cys2 during analysis, posing a significant challenge to accurately measuring and controlling these compounds. To effectively control the Cys and Cys2 levels, a rapid and accurate analytical method is required. Here, we screened derivatizing reagents that can react with Cys even under acidic conditions to realize a novel analytical method for simultaneously determining Cys and Cys2 levels. Diethyl 2-methylenemalonate (EMM) was found to possess the desired traits. EMM, characterized by its dual electron-withdrawing attributes, allowed for a rapid reaction with Cys under acidic conditions, preserving intact information for understanding the functions of target compounds. Combined with LC-MS/MS and an internal standard, this method provided high analytical accuracy in a short analytical time of 9 min. Using the developed method, the rapid oxidation of Cys in cell culture media was observed with the headspace of the storage container considerably influencing Cys oxidation and Cys2 precipitation rates. The developed method enabled the direct and simplified analysis of Cys behavior in practical media samples and could be used in formulating new media compositions, ensuring quality assurance, and real-time analysis of Cys and Cys2 in cell culture supernatants. This novel approach holds the potential to further enhance the media performance by enabling the timely optimal addition of Cys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Harada
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsuji
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Takuya Higuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ayana Minami
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Shunpei Furomitsu
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Akihiro Arakawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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Magné J, Huneau JF, Borderie D, Mathé V, Bos C, Mariotti F. Plasma asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine in a rat model of endothelial dysfunction induced by acute hyperhomocysteinemia. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1975-82. [PMID: 25792109 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia induces vascular endothelial dysfunction, an early hallmark of atherogenesis. While higher levels of circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA), endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis, have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, the role that ADMA and SDMA play in the initiation of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced endothelial dysfunction remains still controversial. In the present study, we studied the changes of circulating ADMA and SDMA in a rat model of acutely hyperhomocysteinemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. In healthy rats, endothelium-related vascular reactivity (measured as acetylcholine-induced transient decrease in mean arterial blood pressure), plasma ADMA and SDMA, total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), cysteine and glutathione were measured before and 2, 4 and 6 h after methionine loading or vehicle. mRNA expression of hepatic dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1), a key protein responsible for ADMA metabolism, was measured 6 h after the methionine loading or the vehicle. Expectedly, methionine load induced a sustained increase in tHcy (up to 54.9 ± 1.9 µM) and a 30 % decrease in vascular reactivity compared to the baseline values. Plasma ADMA and SDMA decreased transiently after the methionine load. Hepatic mRNA expression of DDAH1, cathepsin D, and ubiquitin were significantly lower 6 h after the methionine load than after the vehicle. The absence of an elevation of circulating ADMA and SDMA in this model suggests that endothelial dysfunction induced by acute hyperhomocysteinemia cannot be explained by an up-regulation of protein arginine methyltransferases or a down-regulation of DDAH1. In experimental endothelial dysfunction induced by acute hyperhomocysteinemia, down-regulation of the proteasome is likely to dampen the release of ADMA and SDMA in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Magné
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Optimized Method for Determining FreeL-Cysteine in Rat Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with the 4-Aminosulfonyl-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole Conversion Reagent. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:2119-24. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kono Y, Iizuka H, Isokawa M, Tsunoda M, Ichiba H, Sadamoto K, Fukushima T. HPLC-fluorescence determination of thiol compounds in the serum of human male and female subjects using HILIC-mode column. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:589-93. [PMID: 24500895 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mode column (ZIC®-HILIC) was used to determine four kinds of thiol compounds in human serum. Sera were obtained from 34 subjects for this study (17 male subjects aged 22-38 years and 17 female subjects aged 18-38 years). Serum cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione, and γ-glutamylcysteine, derivatized with ammonium 7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonate, were separated on the ZIC®-HILIC column and quantified. The serum concentrations of cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine were 226 ± 4.7, 23.4 ± 1.3, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 3.2 ± 0.1 μm, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of serum thiol compounds from male subjects were significantly higher than those of the female subjects (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
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Dellanoce C, Cozzi L, Zuddas S, Pratali L, Accinni R. Determination of different forms of aminothiols in red blood cells without washing erythrocytes. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:327-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Dellanoce
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Lorena Cozzi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Zuddas
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
| | | | - Roberto Accinni
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, CardioThoracic and Vascular Department; Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital; Milan Italy
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Ferin R, Pavão ML, Baptista J. Methodology for a rapid and simultaneous determination of total cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione in plasma by isocratic RP-HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:15-20. [PMID: 23217300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the plasma aminothiols levels can be considered as important biomarkers for the diagnosis and screening of several human disorders, namely cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to optimize a rapid, sensitive and accurate RP-HPLC methodology with fluorescence detection, for the simultaneous determination of the total concentrations of cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione in blood plasma, as well as its application to the evaluation of those thiols levels in plasma of a group of Azorean subjects. Aminothiols were reduced with tri-n-butylphosphine and derivatized with a thiol-specific fluorogenic reagent ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate. The thiols adducts were separated by an isocratic elution on a Platinum EPS C18 analytical column (53mm×7mm I.D., 3μm) using a phosphate buffer containing 4% of acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Results indicated an excellent linearity for all the analytes over their respective concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r(2)) ≥0.99. The LOD for the four plasma thiols was lower than 0.10μmol/L, while LOQ varied from 0.5 to 15μmol/L. For both intra- and inter-day precision, the RSD (%) values were lower than 1.9%, and the CV (%) values were found under 0.5%. The recovery ranged from 92% to 100% indicating a high degree of the method's accuracy. This method allows a simultaneous, complete analysis of the four plasma aminothiols and the internal standard in 6min. By reducing the total run time, a larger number of analysis can be performed daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ferin
- Department of Technological Sciences and Development, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
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Steele ML, Ooi L, Münch G. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantitation of glutathione and related thiols. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Consequences of PPAR(α) Invalidation on Glutathione Synthesis: Interactions with Dietary Fatty Acids. PPAR Res 2011; 2011:256186. [PMID: 21915176 PMCID: PMC3171156 DOI: 10.1155/2011/256186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) derives from cysteine and plays a key role in redox status. GSH synthesis is determined mainly by cysteine availability and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (γGCL) activity. Because PPARα activation is known to control the metabolism of certain amino acids, GSH synthesis from cysteine and related metabolisms were explored in wild-type (WT) and PPARα-null (KO) mice, fed diets containing either saturated (COCO diet) or 18 : 3 n-3, LIN diet. In mice fed the COCO diet, but not in those fed the LIN diet, PPARα deficiency enhanced hepatic GSH content and γGCL activity, superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA levels, and plasma uric acid concentration, suggesting an oxidative stress. In addition, in WT mice, the LIN diet increased the hepatic GSH pool, without effect on γGCL activity, or change in target gene expression, which rules out a direct effect of PPARα. This suggests that dietary 18 : 3 n-3 may regulate GSH metabolism and thus mitigate the deleterious effects of PPARα deficiency on redox status, without direct PPARα activation.
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Selective determination of cysteines through precolumn double-labeling and liquid chromatography followed by detection of intramolecular FRET. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1665-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bousquet M, Gibrat C, Ouellet M, Rouillard C, Calon F, Cicchetti F. Cystamine metabolism and brain transport properties: clinical implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1651-8. [PMID: 20569301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cystamine has shown significant neuroprotective properties in preclinical studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Cysteamine, its FDA-approved reduced form, is scheduled to be tested for clinical efficacy in HD patients. Here, we studied the key cystamine metabolites, namely cysteamine, hypotaurine and taurine, as well as cysteine, in order to identify which one is more distinctively responsible for the neuroprotective action of cystamine. After a single administration of cystamine (10, 50 or 200 mg/kg), naïve mice were perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 1, 3, 12, 24 or 48 h post-injection and brain and plasma samples were analyzed by two distinct HPLC methods. Although plasma levels remained under the detection threshold, significant increases in cysteamine brain levels were detected with the 50 and 200 mg/kg doses in mice perfused 1 and 3 h following cystamine injection. To further assess cysteamine as the candidate molecule for pre-clinical and clinical trials in PD, we evaluated its capacity to cross the blood brain barrier. Using an in situ cerebral perfusion technique, we determined that the brain transport coefficient (Clup) of cysteamine (259 μM) was 0.15 ± 0.02 μL/g/s and was increased up to 0.34 ± 0.07 μL/g/s when co-perfused in the presence of cysteine. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that cysteamine is the neuroactive metabolite of cystamine and may further support its therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in HD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bousquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHUL (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Cevasco G, Piatek AM, Scapolla C, Thea S. An improved method for simultaneous analysis of aminothiols in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2158-62. [PMID: 20181343 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered levels of aminothiols in biological fluids are thought to be an important risk indicator for several diseases, and reliable methods for the accurate determination of aminothiols concentrations in plasma are thus required. In this paper ammonium 5-bromo-7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate (SBD-BF) is proposed as a convenient fluorogenic derivatizating reagent for the determination of aminothiols (cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine and glutathione) by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The reactions of SBD-BF with aminothiols at room temperature are about three-times faster than those of ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate (the most frequently employed reagent) at 60 degrees C. The derivatives of SBD-BF with cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine and glutathione are easily separated by HPLC and their calibration curves show excellent linearity over the range 0.05-20 micromol/L with excellent r(2) values for all analytes. SBD-BF reacts with thiols under mild conditions, i.e. at 25 degrees C over about 30 min, and is proposed as a suitable fluorogenic reagent for thiol derivatization to be introduced in analytical clinical chemistry. The detection limits of Cys, Cys-Gly, Hcy and GSH at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 were 0.1 microM for Cys, 0.01 microM for Cys-Gly and Hcy, and 0.02 microM for GSH. Furthermore, validation parameters of the proposed method are quite satisfactory. As an application of this method the determination of thiol derivatives in human plasma was carried out on a number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cevasco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 31-16146 Genoa, Italy.
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Bräutigam A, Bomke S, Pfeifer T, Karst U, Krauss GJ, Wesenberg D. Quantification of Phytochelatins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using ferrocene-based derivatization. Metallomics 2010; 2:565-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c005014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ichinose S, Nakamura M, Maeda M, Ikeda R, Wada M, Nakazato M, Ohba Y, Takamura N, Maeda T, Aoyagi K, Nakashima K. A validated HPLC-fluorescence method with a semi-micro column for routine determination of homocysteine, cysteine and cysteamine, and the relation between the thiol derivatives in normal human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:935-9. [PMID: 19353732 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A semi-micro column HPLC-fluorescence method for routine determination of thiol derivatives such as homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys) and cysteamine (CA) is described. The thiol derivatives labeled with ammonium-7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonate (SBD-F) were isocratically separated within 12 min on a semi-micro ODS column (Daisopak-SP-120-5-ODS-BP) with a mixture of 25 mm acetate buffer (pH 2.00) and CH(3)CN as a mobile phase. The purity and similarity of SBD-thiols by a multi-wavelength fluorescence detector were more than 92.3 and 96.7%. The detection limits of Hcy, Cys and CA at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.16, 0.47 and 0.03 microm, respectively. Furthermore validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and robustness of the proposed method showed satisfactory results. Almost 850 plasma sample injections (range 572-1076, n = 3) for a column could be performed without differences in retention time and peak heights of labels. As an application of the proposed method, the determination of thiol derivatives in normal human plasma (n = 103) was demonstrated. The correlation coefficients between Hcy vs Cys and Hcy vs CA were 0.38 and -0.35, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ichinose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
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Venta R, Cruz E, Valcárcel G, Terrados N. Plasma vitamins, amino acids, and renal function in postexercise hyperhomocysteinemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:1645-51. [PMID: 19568194 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31819e02f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies have assessed the effect of the physical activity on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, although the findings have been contradictory, and the exact mechanism by which plasma Hcy concentrations varied after an acute intense exercise remains unknown. PURPOSE We studied the effect of different acute aerobic intense exercises on plasma, reduced, and total Hcy (rHcy, tHcy) and cysteine (rCys, tCys) and on its metabolically related vitamins and amino acids. Parallel effects on renal function were assessed by plasma creatinine. METHODS Fifteen cyclists and 14 kayakers were examined before and 30 +/- 5 min after a specific test to exhaustion during a low-intensity training period. RESULTS After a bout of specific exercise, the concentrations of aminothiols were increased regardless of the group considered. Plasma concentrations were higher than baseline values in tHcy (17.7 +/- 1.5%; P < 0.001), rHcy (10.6 +/- 1.6%; P < 0.001), tCys (9.9 +/- 1.6%; P < 0.001), and rCys (7.6 +/- 2.2%; P < 0.01). Both groups showed significant elevations of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP; P < 0.01), vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), and creatinine concentrations (P < 0.001) after acute exercises, but no changes were seen in folate. Changes in plasma aminothiols after exercise did not reach significant correlation with changes in free amino acids or baseline vitamins, but significant and positive correlations were observed with changes in plasma PLP, vitamin B12, and creatinine concentrations, when the pooled data were considered. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that higher plasma concentrations of tHcy after an acute intense exercise are associated to higher concentrations of rHcy, and this effect is independent of the type of exercise, vitamin status, or amino acid metabolic stress but could be related to potential changes in the renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Venta
- Service of Biochemistry, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Principado de Asturias, Spain.
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Magné J, Huneau JF, Tsikas D, Delemasure S, Rochette L, Tomé D, Mariotti F. Rapeseed protein in a high-fat mixed meal alleviates postprandial systemic and vascular oxidative stress and prevents vascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy rats. J Nutr 2009; 139:1660-6. [PMID: 19587122 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-saturated fat and high-sucrose meals induce vascular endothelial dysfunction, the early hallmark of atherogenesis. The impact of dietary protein on vascular homeostasis remains misunderstood. In this study, we investigated whether rapeseed protein, an emergent arginine- and cysteine-rich protein, can acutely modulate the onset of adverse effects induced by a high-saturated fat meal (HFM). In a series of crossover experiments, healthy rats received 3 HFM (saturated fat: 60%; sucrose: 20%; protein: 20% energy) with the protein source being either total milk protein (MP; control), rapeseed protein (RP), or MP supplemented with cysteine and arginine to the same level as in RP (MP+AA). Endothelium-related vascular reactivity, measured as an acetylcholine-induced transient decrease in blood pressure, and plasma triglycerides, hydroperoxides, cyclic GMP (cGMP), and free 3-nitrotyrosine were measured before and 2, 4, and 6 h after meals. Superoxide anion production, expressed as ethidine fluorescence, was measured in the aorta 6 h after meals. Whereas plasma triglycerides rose similarly in all meals, the decrease in vascular reactivity after MP was attenuated after MP+AA and entirely prevented after RP. The type of meal had no consistent effect on plasma cGMP and free 3-nitrotyrosine over the postprandial period. The postprandial increase in plasma hydroperoxides differed according to the meal, and concentrations were 43% lower 6 h after MP+AA and RP than after MP. Aortic superoxide anion production was 36% lower 6 h after RP than MP. These results show that substituting rapeseed protein for milk protein markedly reduces vascular and oxidative disturbances induced by an HFM and this may be mediated in part by cysteine and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Magné
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, F-75005 Paris, France
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Iwasaki Y, Saito Y, Nakano Y, Mochizuki K, Sakata O, Ito R, Saito K, Nakazawa H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of glutathione in biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3309-17. [PMID: 19620027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological thiol compounds are classified into high-molecular-mass protein thiols and low-molecular-mass free thiols. Endogenous low-molecular-mass thiol compounds, namely, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its corresponding disulfide, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), are very important molecules that participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GSH plays an essential role in protecting cells from oxidative and nitrosative stress and GSSG can be converted into the reduced form by action of glutathione reductase. Measurement of GSH and GSSG is a useful indicator of oxidative stress and disease risk. Many publications have reported successful determination of GSH and GSSG in biological samples. In this article, we review newly developed techniques, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, for identifying GSH bound to proteins, or for localizing GSH in bound or free forms at specific sites in organs and in cellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Iwasaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Cindrić M, Čepo T, Marinc S, Paškvan I, Mijić I, Bindila L, Peter-Katalinić J. Determination of dithiothreitol in complex protein mixtures by HPLC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3489-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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