1
|
Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Huang J, She B, Shi Q, Xiang X, Su C, Zhang L, Huang R, Song C. An integrated strategy for the establishment of a protoberberine alkaloid profile: Exploration of the differences in composition between Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:1131-1140. [PMID: 33876504 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate species and content identification of major active components in herbals are the guarantee of the safety and effectiveness for medical and commodity purposes. OBJECTIVES In this study, an integrated strategy used to establish the protoberberine alkaloid profile was applied to explore the differences in composition between the pieces of Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis, both of which had morphological similarities. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, an in-house library including possible protoberberine alkaloids based on different substituents was predicted by systematic literature survey. Meanwhile, diagnostic fragments of protoberberine alkaloids were investigated using the corresponding standards. Second, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used to obtain multidimensional mass spectral data. Then, the identifications were confirmed by targeted filter of the acquired data based on the library. RESULTS As a result, 10 protoberberine alkaloid molecules including 46 isomers were identified or characterised. The qualitative distribution and relative content of protoberberine alkaloids revealed the fundamental difference between Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. 25 alkaloids were present in both herbals, while five compounds were detected only in Tinosporae radix. Furthermore, the contents of four alkaloids in Tinosporae radix were significantly higher than those in its adulterant, Fibraurea caulis. CONCLUSION The five unique ingredients in Tinosporae radix can be used as a better indicator for distinguishing the pieces of Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. The protoberberine alkaloid profile established in this study can be applied to quality evaluation of the two herbals or other herbals containing major protoberberine alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Hubei Huquan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo She
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Zhou W, Mao Z, Liao X, Chen Z. Analysis of six active components in Radix tinosporae by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4628-4635. [PMID: 28975733 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry has advantages for the analysis of active components in herbs. Here, a rapid nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry method was developed to separate, identify, and quantify palmatin, columbin, cepharanthine, menisperine, magnoflorine, and 20-hydroxyecdysone in Radix tinosporae. Electrospray ionization MS1-3 spectra of the six components were collected and possible cleavage pathways of main fragment ions were elucidated. The conditions that could affect separation, such as the composition of running buffer and applied voltage, were studied, and the conditions that could affect the mass spectrometry detection, such as the composition and flow rate of sheath liquid, the pressure of nitrogen gas, and the temperature and flow rate of the dry gas, were also optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the correlation coefficient was >0.99. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak areas were <10%. The recoveries were calculated to be 99.31-107.80% in real samples. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method has good potential to be applied to determine the six bioactive components in Radix tinosporae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genus Tinospora: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9232593. [PMID: 27648105 PMCID: PMC5018348 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9232593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The genus Tinospora includes 34 species, in which several herbs were used as traditional medicines by indigenous groups throughout the tropical and subtropical parts of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The extensive literature survey revealed Tinospora species to be a group of important medicinal plants used for the ethnomedical treatment of colds, headaches, pharyngitis, fever, diarrhea, oral ulcer, diabetes, digestive disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis. Indian ethnopharmacological data points to the therapeutic potential of the T. cordifolia for the treatment of diabetic conditions. While Tinospora species are confusing in individual ingredients and their mechanisms of action, the ethnopharmacological history of those plants indicated that they exhibit antidiabetic, antioxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, and immunostimulation activities. While the clinical applications in modern medicine are lacking convincing evidence and support, this review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicities of the genus Tinospora to reveal its therapeutic potentials and gaps, offering opportunities for future researches.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiang Q, Hashi Y, Chen Z. Simultaneous detection of eight active components in Radix Tinosporae by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2036-42. [PMID: 27059766 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight major active components (magnoflorine, menisperine, 20-hydroxyecdysone, cepharanthine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, columbin, and palmatine) in Radix Tinosporae. The separation was performed on an InterSustainSwift C18 column (1.9 μm, 2.1 id × 100 mm) at 40 °C with a gradient elution. A mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (v/v = 1:1) and ammonium acetate buffer (25 mmol/L ammonium acetate with 0.2% formic acid) were used as mobile phases, and the flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min. The recovery was tested in real samples and calculated to be 86.97-111.28%, and all the compounds showed good linearity (r > 0.998) in relatively wide concentration ranges. The developed method was applied to the determination of eight active compounds in real herb samples, which were collected from four different places. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method has great potential for the quality control of the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Tinosporae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuki Hashi
- Global COE for Application and Technical Development, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang G, Gao S, Sun R, Yin T, Hu M. Development and validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of columbin in biological matrices: Applications to absorption, metabolism, and pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:13-8. [PMID: 26295697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method to quantify columbin in biological sample. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using Waters UPLC BEH C18 column with acetonitrile and 0.1% of formic acid in water as the mobile phases. The mass analysis was performed on an API 5500 Qtrap mass spectrometer via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with positive scan mood. The one-step protein precipitation by methanol was used to extract the analyte from blood samples. The results showed that the linear response range for columbin was 1.22-2,500nM. The intra and inter day variances were less than 15% and the accuracy was in acceptable range (85-115%). The analysis was done within 3.0min, and only 50μL of blood was needed. The validated method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of columbin in Wistar rats, and its transport characteristics in the Caco-2 cell culture model. The results showed that columbin was poorly bioavailable (2.8% p.o. and 14% i.p.) in rats, but its transport was rapid across the Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting that extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver was the likely reason for its poor bioavailability. The results revealed that the validated method can be used for columbin analysis in both bioequivalent buffer and blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Yang
- Taihe hospital affiliated with Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Taihe hospital affiliated with Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rongjin Sun
- Taihe hospital affiliated with Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Taihe hospital affiliated with Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lovell KM, Prevatt-Smith KM, Lozama A, Prisinzano TE. Synthesis of neoclerodane diterpenes and their pharmacological effects. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 299:141-85. [PMID: 21630517 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a neoclerodane diterpene that has been shown to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Its unique structure makes it an attractive target for synthetic organic chemists due to its seven chiral centers and diterpene scaffold. This molecule is also interesting to pharmacologists because it is a non-serotonergic hallucinogen, and the first opioid ligand discovered that lacks a basic nitrogen. There have been several total synthesis approaches to salvinorin A, and these will be detailed within this chapter. Additionally, research efforts have concentrated on structure modification of the salvinorin A scaffold through semi-synthetic methods. Most modifications have focused on the manipulation of the acetate at C-2 and the furan ring. However, chemistry has also been developed to generate analogs at the C-1 ketone, the C-4 methyl ester, and the C-17 lactone. The synthetic methodologies developed for the salvinorin A scaffold will be described, as well as specific analogs with interesting biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Lovell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are getting more and more popular nowadays in the whole world for improving health condition of human beings as well as preventing and healing diseases. TCM is a multi-component system with components mostly unknown, and only a few compounds are responsible for the pharmaceutical and/or toxic effects. The large numbers of other components in the TCM make the screening and analysis of the bioactive components extremely difficult. So, separation and analysis of the desired chemical components in TCM are very important subjects for modernization research of TCM. Thus, many novel separation techniques with significant advantages over conventional methods were introduced and applied to separation and analysis of the chemical constituents in TCM. This review presents just a brief outline of the applications of different separation methods for the isolation and analysis of TCM constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center of Modernization of Chinese Medicines, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|