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Enantioselective Study on the Biodegradation of Verapamil and Cytalopram by Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the currently available drugs are chiral compounds that are marketed as racemates or, to a lesser extent, in the form of one of the enantiomers since a pair of enantiomers may have different toxicological and ecotoxicological properties compared to each other. The evaluation of enantioselectivity in biodegradation processes is essential for environmental risk assessment. The objective of this research is to study the enantioselectivity in the biodegradation of two common chiral drugs, citalopram and verapamil, using highly sulphated-γ-cyclodextrin (HS-γ-CD) as chiral selector in Capillary Electrophoresis. Biodegradation experiments were performed in batch mode using a minimal salt medium inoculated with an activated sludge and supplemented with the corresponding enantiomeric mixture. The cultures were incubated at 20 °C for 28 days. Abiotic degradation of verapamil and citalopram enantiomers was also assessed. The concentration of the enantiomers of verapamil and citalopram were monitored using 0.7% and 0.1% m/v HS-γ-CD solutions as chiral selector, respectively. Separations were carried out using the complete filling technique. The results of biodegradability tests indicate that citalopram could be considered potentially persistent while verapamil is presumed to be a non-persistent compound. No evidence of enantioselectivity was observed in any of the biodegradation processes.
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A powerful on line ABTS +-CE-DAD method to screen and quantify major antioxidants for quality control of Shuxuening Injection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5441. [PMID: 29615669 PMCID: PMC5883040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method of on-line 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)-Capillary Electrophoresis-Diode Array Detector (on-line ABTS+-CE-DAD) was developed to screen the major antioxidants from complex herbal medicines. ABTS+, one of well-known oxygen free radicals was firstly integrated into the capillary. For simultaneously detecting and separating ABTS+ and chemical components of herb medicines, some conditions were optimized. The on-line ABTS+-CE-DAD method has successfully been used to screen the main antioxidants from Shuxuening injection (SI), an herbal medicines injection. Under the optimum conditions, nine ingredients of SI including clitorin, rutin, isoquercitrin, Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-Glucoside, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-p-hydroxyl-E-coumaroyl)-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside, 3-O-{2-O-[6-O-(p-hydroxyl-E-coumaroyl)-glucosyl]}-(1-2) rhamnosyl kaempfero were separated and identified as the major antioxidants. There is a linear relationship between the total amount of major antioxidants and total antioxidative activity of SI with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9456. All the Relative standard deviations of recovery, precision and stability were below 7.5%. Based on these results, these nine ingredients could be selected as combinatorial markers to evaluate quality control of SI. It was concluded that on-line ABTS+-CE-DAD method was a simple, reliable and powerful tool to screen and quantify active ingredients for evaluating quality of herbal medicines.
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Prochowicz D, Kornowicz A, Lewiński J. Interactions of Native Cyclodextrins with Metal Ions and Inorganic Nanoparticles: Fertile Landscape for Chemistry and Materials Science. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13461-13501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kornowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Enantiomeric Separation of (R,S)-Aclidinium Bromide with Negatively Charged Gamma-Cyclodextrin by CE. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Enantioresolution in electrokinetic chromatography-complete filling technique using sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin. Software-free topological anticipation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:391-399. [PMID: 27334416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Few papers have tried to predict the resolution ability of chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis for the separation of the enantiomers of chiral compounds. In a previous work, we have used molecular information available on-line to establish enantioresolution levels of basic compounds using highly sulfated β-CD (HS-β-CD) as chiral selector in electrokinetic chromatography-complete filling technique (EKC-CFT). The present study is a continuation of this previous work, introducing some novelties. In this work, the ability of sulfated γ-cyclodextrin (S-γ-CD) as chiral selector in EKC-CFT is modelled for the first time. Thirty-three structurally unrelated cationic and neutral compounds (drugs and pesticides) are studied. Categorical enantioresolution levels (RsC, 0 or 1) are assigned from experimental enantioresolution values obtained at different S-γ-CD concentrations. Novel topological parameters connected to the chiral carbon (C*-parameters) are introduced. Four C*-parameters and a topological parameter of the whole molecule (aromatic atom count) are the most important variables according to a discriminant partial least squares-variable selection process. It suggests the preponderance of the topology adjacent to the chiral carbon to anticipate the RsC levels. A software-free anticipation protocol for new molecules is proposed. Over the current set of molecules evaluated, 100% of correct anticipations (resolved and non-resolved compounds) are obtained, while anticipation of some compounds remains undetermined. A criterion is introduced to alert on compounds which should not be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Valencia, Spain
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6
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Aturki Z, Rocco A, Rocchi S, Fanali S. Current applications of miniaturized chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in drug analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:194-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Zuo L, Zhao Y, Ji F, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Sun T, Guo X. Determination of the enantiomeric and diastereomeric impurities ofRS-glycopyrrolate by capillary electrophoresis using sulfated-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selectors. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3339-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zuo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Ministry of Education; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
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Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández M. Fast-multivariate optimization of chiral separations in capillary electrophoresis: Anticipative strategies. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis: recent developments and new trends. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:2-23. [PMID: 24947884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that extensive research in the field of separations by capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been carried out and many reviews have been published in the last years, a specific review on the use and future potential of cyclodextrins (CDs) in CE is not available. This review focuses the attention in the CD-CE topic over the January 2013-February 2014 period (not covered by previous more general CE-reviews). Recent contributions (reviews and research articles) including practical uses (e.g. solute-CD binding constant estimation and further potentials; 19% of publications), developments and applications (mainly chiral and achiral analysis; 38 and 24% of publications, respectively) are summarized in nine comprehensive tables and are commented. Statistics and predictions related to the CD-CE publications are highlighted in order to infer the current and expected research interests. Finally, trends and initiatives on CD-CE attending to real needs or practical criteria are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Escuder-Gilabert
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Medina-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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El-Awady M, Pyell U. Processes involved in sweeping as sample enrichment method in cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography of hydrophobic basic analytes. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:605-16. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Awady
- Department of Chemistry; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Ute Pyell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
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El-Awady M, Belal F, Pyell U. Robust analysis of the hydrophobic basic analytes loratadine and desloratadine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids by sweeping—cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1309:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Asensi-Bernardi L, Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Modeling the chiral resolution ability of highly sulfated β-cyclodextrin for basic compounds in electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:152-60. [PMID: 23958689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that extensive research in the field of enantioseparations by capillary electrophoresis has been carried out, it is difficult to predict whether a concrete chiral selector would be useful for the separation of a racemic compound. Hence, several experimental effort is necessary to test the abilities of individual chiral selectors, usually by trial and error procedures. Thus, the enantioseparation of a new racemate becomes a time- and money-consuming task. In this work, the ability of highly sulfated β-cyclodextrin (HS-β-CD) as chiral selector in electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) is modeled for the first time, using exclusively directly-available structural data of forty compounds (structurally unrelated basic drugs and pesticides). A discriminant partial least squares (PLS)-based quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approach is simplified, resulting in a consistent, predictive and descriptive model. It is converted into an explicit equation able to predict the enantioresolution level (Rs) of new compounds, from four structure properties available in an on-line open database: logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient estimated at pH 7.4 (lgD), polar surface area (PSA), number of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and acceptors (HBA). For the cases in which the model predicts good Rs only in concrete experimental conditions, a Box-Behnken experimental design is proposed for the fast PLS-based optimization of the most influential experimental variables: cyclodextrin concentration, temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Asensi-Bernardi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Orlandini S, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. Multivariate optimization of capillary electrophoresis methods: a critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:290-307. [PMID: 23669025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article a review on the recent applications of multivariate techniques for optimization of electromigration methods, is presented. Papers published in the period from August 2007 to February 2013, have been taken into consideration. Upon a brief description of each of the involved CE operative modes, the characteristics of the chemometric strategies (type of design, factors and responses) applied to face a number of analytical challenges, are presented. Finally, a critical discussion, giving some practical advices and pointing out the most common issues involved in multivariate set-up of CE methods, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Orlandini S, Giannini I, Navarro MV, Pinzauti S, Furlanetto S. Dual CD system-modified MEEKC method for the determination of clemastine and its impurities. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3296-304. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Ye F, Wang H, Huang B, Zhao S. Maleopimaric acid anhydride-bonded silica monolith as chiral stationary phase for separations of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids by CEC. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1488-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mikus P, Maráková K. Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2773-802. [PMID: 19653234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Bellia F, La Mendola D, Pedone C, Rizzarelli E, Saviano M, Vecchio G. Selectively functionalized cyclodextrins and their metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2756-81. [PMID: 19690752 DOI: 10.1039/b718436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers of alpha-1,4-linked D-glucopyranose. Due to their unique structure, marked by a chiral and hydrophobic cavity, CDs have been extensively used as chiral selectors and drug delivery systems. The functionalization both improve the CD applications and widen their use in many other fields, such as molecular recognition and enzyme mimicking. Moreover, the functionalization highly increases the metal binding properties of the CDs. This critical review is a report of recent applications concerning the CD derivatives and their metal complexes. The metal ion assists the host-guest interaction often increasing the properties of CDs to act as chiral receptors. Furthermore, it can act as a catalytic center in the mimicking of metalloenzymes based on functionalized CDs (164 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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