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Chemical Ionization. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Gross JH. Practical Aspects of Electron Ionization. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ramos CIV, Pereira PMR, Santana-Marques MG, De Paula R, Simões MMQ, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Imidazole and imidazolium porphyrins: gas-phase chemistry of multicharged ions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:371-379. [PMID: 24809898 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode was used to investigate the gas-phase chemistry of multicharged ions from solutions of porphyrins with 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl (DMIM) and 1-methylimidazol-2-yl (MIm) meso-substituents. The studied compounds include two free bases and 12 complexes with transition metals (Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(III), and Fe(III)). The observed multicharged ions are either preformed or formed during the electrospraying process by reduction or protonation and comprise closed-shell and hypervalent mono-radical and bi-radical ions. The observed extensive and abundant fragmentation of the DMIM and MIm meso-substituents is a characteristic feature of these porphyrins. Fragments with the same mass values can be lost from the meso-substituents either as charged or neutral species and from closed-shell and hypervalent radical ions. Reduction processes are observed for both the free bases and the metallated DMIM porphyrins and occur predominantly by formation of hypervalent radicals that fragment, at low energy collisions, by loss of methyl radicals with formation of the corresponding MIm functionalities. These findings confirm that, when using electrospray ionization, reduction is an important characteristic of cationic meso-substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, always occurring when delocalization of the formed hypervalent radicals is possible. For the Fe(III) and Mn(III) complexes, reduction of the metal centers is also observed as the predominant fragmentation of the corresponding reduced ions through losses of charged fragments testifies. The fragmentation of the closed-shell ions formed by protonation of the MIm porphyrins mirrors the fragmentation of the closed-shell ions of their DMIM counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Liang XG, Leung HK, Wu GZ, Hu M, Yu Q, Shou HS, Yan L, Liang XY. Sensitized photo-redox reaction: VII. The Synthesis, FAB mass spectrum, stationary absorption, emission, transient absorption spectra, redox potential of dihydroxy-tin (IV)-mesoporphyrin dimethyl ester and its sensitized photo-reduction of methyl viologen. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.19890070314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ramos CIV, Santana-Marques MG, Ferrer Correia AJ, Tomé JPC, Alonso CM, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Reduction and adduct formation from electrosprayed solutions of porphyrin salts. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:806-813. [PMID: 18205238 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The solutions of four meso-tetrakis(N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin salts and of the p-toluenesulfonate salt of meso-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin, in methanol, were studied by electrospray mass spectrometry, in order to investigate the influence of the type of counter ion, the length of the substituent N-alkyl groups of the four (N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrins and the presence of an aromatic (alkylpyridinium) or aliphatic (trimethylammonium) nitrogen, in ion formation. In our experimental conditions, adducts with the counter ions were formed only for the meso-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin and were not observed for the other porphyrins, even when the counter ion was the same. In contrast, formation of reduced species, such as the [M(4+) + e(-)]3+, [M(4+) + 2e(-)]2+, [M(4+) + 4e(-) + 2H(+)]2+, and [M(4+) + 5e(-) + 2H(+)]+ ions was observed only for the (N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrins and the appearance of these species is apparently solvent related and may occur via counter ion/solvent adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Schäfer M, Budzikiewicz H. A fast atom bombardment and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry study of doubly charged porphyrins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1062-1068. [PMID: 11599084 DOI: 10.1002/jms.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this mass spectrometry (MS) study of doubly charged porphyrin salts, fast atom bombardment (FAB) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS techniques are utilized to examine several unique ionic species. The predominant transformation of preformed doubly charged ions in the desorption/ionization mechanism of FAB and MALDI is the result of deprotonation reactions to form singly charged ions of the type [M(2+) - H(+)](+) and of one-electron reductions to form radical cations [M(2+) + e(-)](+.). The dependence of this phenomenon and the formation of a number of additional ionic species on the different matrices and the FAB-matrix additive benzoquinone is examined. The significant analogous behavior of doubly charged porphyrins in FAB- and MALDI-MS leads to the conclusion that one-electron reductions are of distinct relevance in the desorption/ionization mechanism of MALDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schäfer
- Mass Spectrometry Facilities, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University at Cologne Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
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Investigation of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins by liquid matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01243142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rubino FM, Banfi S, Pozzi G, Quici S. A study on the solution and gas-phase chemistry of Mn(III) and Fe(III) tetraarylporphyrin complexes by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry : 1: Generation of molecular signals. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1993; 4:249-254. [PMID: 24234854 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)85088-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/1992] [Revised: 10/26/1992] [Accepted: 10/28/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the chemical behavior of Fe(III) and Mn(III) tetraarylporphyrins (TAP) in both the condensed and gas phases and to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the production of positive and negative ions. The differences in the behavior of Fe(III) and Mn(III) complexes in the positive ion mode could be correlated with those in their electronic structures and knowledge of the mechanism for the generation of negatively charged species was applied to characterize the counterion coordinated to the Mn(III)-TAP. Thus, the unprecedented, complete characterization of even complex Mn(III)-TAP was made possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Rubino
- ITBA-CNR, v. Ampere 56, I-20131, Miland, Italy
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Tarnaud E, Robic N, Gaudemer A, Bied-Charreton C, Deprun C. Californium-252 time-of-flight mass spectrometry of synthetic porphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210280213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ha J, Hogan JD, Laude DA. Competitive ionization of tetraphenylporphyrin in a laser-generated metal ion plasma. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1993; 4:159-167. [PMID: 24234795 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)85072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/1992] [Revised: 07/31/1992] [Accepted: 08/05/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ionization of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) in a laser-desorbed metal ion plasma is examined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Competitive reaction pathways observed to generate abundant molecular ion species include electron detachment, cation attachment, charge exchange, metallation, and transmetallation in the positive ion mode and electron capture, metallation, and transmetallation in the negative ion mode. In general, cation attachment reactions dominate positive ion spectra below the laser irradiance threshold for plasma ignition, although the metallation product from [TPP](+) reaction with the metal atom, M, is observed. Negative ion products are not observed in the FT-ICR spectrum when a plasma is not formed. Under plasma ignition conditions, positive ion spectra include [TPP](+) formed by charge exchange with M(+), which is also present in the spectrum. Negative ion spectra are dominated by [TPP](-); which is formed by attachment to thermal electrons generated in the plasma. Metallation reactions involving TPP and the metal substrate are examined. Positive ion metallation products are observed both in the absence of a plasma through reaction of [TPP](+) with M and by a second pathway under plasma ignition conditions through reaction of TPP with M(+). In negative ion mode, metallation is only observed under plasma ignition conditions through reaction of [TPP](-) with M. Observation of metallated products is found to be consistent with formation of stable metal oxidation states in the metallated porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
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Rubino FM, Mascaro P, Banfi S, Quici S. Structural study of Mn(III)-tetraarylporphyrin complexes by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210260311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hemling ME. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and its application to the analysis of some peptides and proteins. Pharm Res 1987; 4:5-15. [PMID: 3334162 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016465507903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The techniques of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has overtaken (but not entirely replaced) field desorption mass spectrometry as the method of choice for the analysis of nonvolatile, thermally labile polar compounds. The ease with which information may be obtained on a wide variety of molecules is a result of the relative simplicity of the technique. A brief history of bioorganic mass spectrometry leading to the development of fast atom bombardment is presented, as well as a description of the method and ancillary techniques. Selected examples of its application to peptide and protein structural problems attest to the power and utility of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hemling
- Physical & Structural Chemistry, SmithKline & French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
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Applications of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) to organometallic and coordination chemistry. Appl Organomet Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.590010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Musselman BD, Watson JT, Chang CK. Direct evidence for preformed ions of porphyrins in the solvent matrix for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Brodbelt JS, Cooks RG, Wood KV, Jackson TJ. THE ANALYSIS OF METALLOPORPHYRINS IN PETROLEUM USING TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/08843758608915836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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