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China H, Ogino H. Effect of attaching hydrophilic oligopeptides to the C-terminus of organic solvent-tolerant metal-free bromoperoxidase BPO-A1 from Streptomyces aureofaciens on organic solvent-stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:142-149. [PMID: 36508927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free bromoperoxidase BPO-A1 from Streptomyces aureofacience was selected among several similar enzymes exhibiting brominating activity as the most stable haloperoxidase against 70%(v/v) methanol. A comparison of the BPO-A1 and octahistidine-tagged BPO-A1 at the C-terminus (BPO-A1-His8) revealed that the His-tag enhanced the organic solvent-stability of BPO-A1 with pH- and heat-stabilities. Additionally, the contribution of the hydrophilicity at the C-terminal of BPO-A1 to the organic solvent-stability was confirmed employing several mutants bearing hydrophilic oligopeptides. Fortunately, two excellent mutants, BPO-A1-Lys8 and BPO-A1-Arg8, with high stabilities against various water-miscible organic solvents were obtained. In conclusion, the enhancing effect of the hydrophilic oligopeptides on the organic solvent-stability was associated with a decrease in the hydrophobic surface area near the C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyasu China
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266, Tamuracho Nagahama-shi, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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2
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Rational engineering of a metalloprotease to enhance thermostability and activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Matsumoto T, Kitayama R, Yamada R, Ogino H. The synthesis of l-glycyl-l-tyrosine derivatives using organic-solvent stable PST-01 protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PST-01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Enhancement of Z-aspartame synthesis by rational engineering of metalloprotease. Food Chem 2018; 253:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Białkowska AM, Morawski K, Florczak T. Extremophilic proteases as novel and efficient tools in short peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this review is to outline the crucial role that peptides play in various sectors, including medicine. Different ways of producing these compounds are discussed with an emphasis on the benefits offered by industrial enzyme biotechnology. This paper describes mechanisms of peptide bond formation using a range of proteases with different active site structures. Importantly, these enzymes may be further improved chemically and/or genetically to make them better suited for their various applications and process conditions. The focus is on extremophilic proteases, whose potential does not seem to have been fully appreciated to date. The structure of these proteins is somewhat different from that of the common commercially available enzymes, making them effective at high salinity and high or low temperatures, which are often favorable to peptide synthesis. Examples of such enzymes include halophilic, thermophilic, and psychrophilic proteases; this paper also mentions some promising catalytic proteins which require further study in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta M Białkowska
- 0000 0004 0620 0652 grid.412284.9 Institute of Technical Biochemistry Lodz University of Technology Stefanowskiego Street 4/10 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Krzysztof Morawski
- 0000 0004 0620 0652 grid.412284.9 Institute of Technical Biochemistry Lodz University of Technology Stefanowskiego Street 4/10 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Tomasz Florczak
- 0000 0004 0620 0652 grid.412284.9 Institute of Technical Biochemistry Lodz University of Technology Stefanowskiego Street 4/10 90-924 Lodz Poland
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6
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Anbu P, So JS, Hur BK, Yun HS. Organic solvent stable protease isolation and characterization from organic solvent tolerant strain of Lysinibacillus sphaericus PAP02. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Kuo CH, Lin JA, Chien CM, Tsai CH, Liu YC, Shieh CJ. Formation of amide bond catalyzed by lipase in aqueous phase for peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of Z-aspartame in aqueous medium via in situ product removal. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Han M, Wang X, Yan G, Wang W, Tao Y, Liu X, Cao H, Yu X. Modification of recombinant elastase expressed in Pichia pastoris by introduction of N-glycosylation sites. J Biotechnol 2013; 171:3-7. [PMID: 24333122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel N-glycosylation site was introduced into recombinant elastase (rPAE) at N36, N67, or N264 through the site-directed mutagenesis of I38T, A69T, or N266T, respectively. The A69T mutation completely inhibited the expression of rPAE. As expected, the I38T and N266T mutant proteins exhibited higher degrees of N-glycosylation compared with the wild type rPAE. The I38T mutant was more efficient in the hydrolysis of casein in aqueous medium and exhibited higher specific activity and k(cat) values and a lower K(m) value. In contrast, the N266T mutant and the wild type displayed similar values. Importantly, the I38T mutant achieved in higher rates and yields of peptide synthesis in 50% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide, whereas the N266T mutant was similar to the wild type rPAE. Furthermore, the maximum yield of Z-Ala-Phe-NH2 synthesis catalyzed by the I38T mutant protein (87%) was higher than those achieved by the wild type (78%) and N266T mutant (78%) proteins. Neither the I38T nor the N266T mutation exerted significant effects on the rPAE solvent stability. In aqueous medium, the I38T mutation decreased the rPAE thermostability, and the N266T mutation slightly improved that. In conclusion, the I38T mutation improved the potential of rPAE in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Guilong Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Weixian Wang
- Huaian Institute of Supervision & Inspection on Product Quality, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Hu SH, Kuo CH, Chang CMJ, Liu YC, Chiang WD, Shieh CJ. Solvent selection and optimization of α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed synthesis of N-Ac-Phe-Tyr-NH2 using mixture design and response surface methodology. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1443-9. [PMID: 22915508 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A peptide, N-Ac-Phe-Tyr-NH(2) , with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity was synthesized by an α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed condensation reaction of N-acetyl phenylalanine ethyl ester (N-Ac-Phe-OEt) and tyrosinamide (Tyr-NH(2) ). Three kinds of solvents: a Tris-HCl buffer (80 mM, pH 9.0), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile were employed in this study. The optimum reaction solvent component was determined by simplex centroid mixture design. The synthesis efficiency was enhanced in an organic-aqueous solvent (Tris-HCl buffer: DMSO: acetonitrile = 2:1:1) in which 73.55% of the yield of N-Ac-Phe-Tyr-NH(2) could be achieved. Furthermore, the effect of reaction parameters on the yield was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Based on a ridge max analysis, the optimum condition for this peptide synthesis included a reaction time of 7.4 min, a reaction temperature of 28.1°C, an enzyme activity of 98.9 U, and a substrate molar ratio (Phe:Tyr) of 1:2.8. The predicted and the actual (experimental) yields were 87.6 and 85.5%, respectively. The experimental design and RSM performed well in the optimization of synthesis of N-Ac-Phe-Tyr-NH(2) , so it is expected to be an effective method for obtaining a good yield of enzymatic peptide. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Hu
- Dept. of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Liszka MJ, Clark ME, Schneider E, Clark DS. Nature Versus Nurture: Developing Enzymes That Function Under Extreme Conditions. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2012; 3:77-102. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; , , ,
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12
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Karan R, Capes MD, DasSarma S. Function and biotechnology of extremophilic enzymes in low water activity. AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:4. [PMID: 22480329 PMCID: PMC3310334 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms usually catalyze chemical reactions in non-standard conditions. Such conditions promote aggregation, precipitation, and denaturation, reducing the activity of most non-extremophilic enzymes, frequently due to the absence of sufficient hydration. Some extremophilic enzymes maintain a tight hydration shell and remain active in solution even when liquid water is limiting, e.g. in the presence of high ionic concentrations, or at cold temperature when water is close to the freezing point. Extremophilic enzymes are able to compete for hydration via alterations especially to their surface through greater surface charges and increased molecular motion. These properties have enabled some extremophilic enzymes to function in the presence of non-aqueous organic solvents, with potential for design of useful catalysts. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of extremophilic enzymes functioning in high salinity and cold temperatures, focusing on their strategy for function at low water activity. We discuss how the understanding of extremophilic enzyme function is leading to the design of a new generation of enzyme catalysts and their applications to biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Karan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melinda D Capes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiladitya DasSarma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Gaur R, Grover T, Sharma R, Kapoor S, Khare SK. Purification and characterization of a solvent stable aminopeptidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Cloning and analysis of aminopeptidase gene conferring solvent stability. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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An oxidant- and organic solvent-resistant alkaline metalloprotease from Streptomyces olivochromogenes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1457-70. [PMID: 20195792 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Organic solvent- and detergent-resistant proteases are important from an industrial viewpoint. However, they have been less frequently reported and only few of them are from actinomycetes. A metalloprotease from Streptomyces olivochromogenes (SOMP) was purified by ion exchange with Poros HQ and gel filtration with Sepharose CL-6B. Apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 51 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gelatin zymography. The activity was optimum at pH 7.5 and 50 degrees C and stable between pH 7.0 and 10.0. SOMP was stable below 45 degrees C and Ca(2+) increased its thermostability. Ca(2+) enhanced while Co(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), and Fe(2+) inhibited the activity. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, but not phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, aprotinin, and pefabloc SC, significantly suppressed the activity, suggesting that it might be a metalloprotease. Importantly, it is highly resistant against various detergents, organic solvents, and oxidizing agents, and the activity is enhanced by H(2)O(2). The enzyme could be a novel protease based on its origin and peculiar biochemical properties. It may be useful in biotechnological applications especially for organic solvent-based enzymatic synthesis.
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16
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Ogino H, Tsuchiyama S, Yasuda M, Doukyu N. Enhancement of the aspartame precursor synthetic activity of an organic solvent-stable protease. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:147-52. [PMID: 20083492 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The PST-01 protease is highly stable and catalyzes the synthesis of the aspartame precursor with high reaction yields in the presence of organic solvents. However, the synthesis rate using the PST-01 protease was slower than that observed when thermolysin was used. Structural comparison of both enzymes showed particular amino acid differences near the active center. These few residue differences in the PST-01 protease were mutated to match those amino acid types found in thermolysin. The mutated PST-01 proteases at the 114th residue from tyrosine to phenylalanine showed enhancement of synthetic activity. This activity was found to be similar to thermolysin. In addition, mutating the residue in the PST-01 protease with arginine and serine showed more improvement of the activity. The mutant PST-01 protease should be more useful than thermolysin for the synthesis of the aspartame precursor, because this enzyme has higher stability and activity in the presence of organic solvents. The results show the potential of organic solvent-stable enzymes as industrial catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Japan.
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