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Jiang Y, Wan M, Xiao X, Lin Z, Liu X, Zhou Y, Liao X, Lin J, Zhou H, Zhou L, Weng L, Wang J, Guo J, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Xia K, Li J, Tang B, Jiao B, Shen L. GSN gene frameshift mutations in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:436-447. [PMID: 36650038 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic missense mutations of the gelsolin (GSN) gene lead to familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF); however, our previous study identified GSN frameshift mutations existed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The GSN genotype-phenotype heterogeneity and the role of GSN frameshift mutations in patients with AD are unclear. METHOD In total, 1192 patients with AD and 1403 controls were screened through whole genome sequencing, and 884 patients with AD were enrolled for validation. Effects of GSN mutations were evaluated in vitro. GSN, Aβ42, Aβ40 and Aβ42/40 were detected in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS Six patients with AD with GSN P3fs and K346fs mutations (0.50%, 6/1192) were identified, who were diagnosed with AD but not FAF. In addition, 13 patients with AD with GSN frameshift mutations were found in the validation cohort (1.47%, 13/884). Further in vitro experiments showed that both K346fs and P3fs mutations led to the GSN loss of function in inhibiting Aβ-induced toxicity. Moreover, a higher level of plasma (p=0.001) and CSF (p=0.005) GSN was observed in AD cases than controls, and a positive correlation was found between the CSF GSN and CSF Aβ42 (r=0.289, p=0.009). Besides, the GSN level was initially increasing and then decreasing with the disease course and cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS GSN frameshift mutations may be associated with AD. An increase in plasma GSN is probably a compensatory reaction in AD, which is a potential biomarker for early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meidan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - XueWen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuojie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yafang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Geriatrics Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Weng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiada Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Bollati M, Diomede L, Giorgino T, Natale C, Fagnani E, Boniardi I, Barbiroli A, Alemani R, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Fakin A, Mastrangelo E, Milani M, Presciuttini G, Gabellieri E, Cioni P, de Rosa M. A novel hotspot of gelsolin instability triggers an alternative mechanism of amyloid aggregation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6355-6365. [PMID: 34938411 PMCID: PMC8649582 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin comprises six homologous domains, named G1 to G6. Single point substitutions in this protein are responsible for AGel amyloidosis, a hereditary disease causing progressive corneal lattice dystrophy, cutis laxa, and polyneuropathy. Although several different amyloidogenic variants of gelsolin have been identified, only the most common mutants present in the G2 domain have been thoroughly characterized, leading to clarification of the functional mechanism. The molecular events underlying the pathological aggregation of 3 recently identified mutations, namely A551P, E553K and M517R, all localized at the interface between G4 and G5, are here explored for the first time. Structural studies point to destabilization of the interface between G4 and G5 due to three structural determinants: β-strand breaking, steric hindrance and/or charge repulsion, all implying impairment of interdomain contacts. Such rearrangements decrease the temperature and pressure stability of gelsolin but do not alter its susceptibility to furin cleavage, the first event in the canonical aggregation pathway. These variants also have a greater tendency to aggregate in the unproteolysed forms and exhibit higher proteotoxicity in a C. elegans-based assay. Our data suggest that aggregation of G4G5 variants follows an alternative, likely proteolysis-independent, pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bollati
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Toni Giorgino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmina Natale
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Fagnani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Boniardi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Alemani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Edi Gabellieri
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cioni
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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3
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Mullany S, Souzeau E, Klebe S, Zhou T, Knight LSW, Qassim A, Berry EC, Marshall H, Hussey M, Dubowsky A, Breen J, Hassall MM, Mills RA, Craig JE, Siggs OM. A novel GSN variant outside the G2 calcium-binding domain associated with Amyloidosis of the Finnish type. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:818-826. [PMID: 33973672 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN) variants have been implicated in amyloidosis of the Finnish type. This case series reports a novel GSN:c.1477T>C,p.(Trp493Arg) variant in a family with ocular and systemic features consistent with Finnish Amyloidosis. Exome sequencing performed on affected individuals from two families manifesting cutis laxa and polymorphic corneal stromal opacities demonstrated the classic GSN:c.654G>A,p.Asp214Asn variant in single affected individual from one family, and a previously undocumented GSN:c.1477T>C variant in three affected first-degree relatives from a separate family. Immunohistochemical studies on corneal tissue from a proband with the c.1477T>C variant identified gelsolin protein within histologically defined corneal amyloid deposits. This study reports a novel association between the predicted pathogenic GSN:c.1477T>C variant and amyloidosis of the Finnish type, and is the first to provide functional evidence of a pathological GSN variant at a locus distant to the critical G2 calcium-binding region, resulting in the phenotype of amyloidosis of the Finnish type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mullany
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lachlan S W Knight
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ella C Berry
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Henry Marshall
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Hussey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Dubowsky
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - James Breen
- SAHMRI Bioinformatics Core, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark M Hassall
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard A Mills
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Flinders Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Potrč M, Volk M, de Rosa M, Pižem J, Teran N, Jaklič H, Maver A, Drnovšek-Olup B, Bollati M, Vogelnik K, Hočevar A, Gornik A, Pfeifer V, Peterlin B, Hawlina M, Fakin A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Gelsolin Amyloidosis Associated with a Novel GSN Variant p.Glu580Lys. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031084. [PMID: 33499149 PMCID: PMC7865823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gelsolin amyloidosis is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease, which typically affects the cornea, skin and sometimes other organ systems and is caused by mutations in a gene coding for gelsolin protein (GSN). We describe a novel mutation of GSN gene, p.Glu580Lys, associated with gelsolin amyloidosis in six members of a two-generation family, who exhibited lattice corneal dystrophy, loose facial skin and irregular heart rhythm. In one patient we reported optic nerve impairment, which is possibly a novel feature associated with gelsolin amyloidosis. Abstract Gelsolin amyloidosis typically presents with corneal lattice dystrophy and is most frequently associated with pathogenic GSN variant p.Asp214Asn. Here we report clinical and histopathological features of gelsolin amyloidosis associated with a novel GSN variant p.Glu580Lys. We studied DNA samples of seven members of a two-generation family. Exome sequencing was performed in the proband, and targeted Sanger sequencing in the others. The heterozygous GSN variant p.Glu580Lys was identified in six patients. The patients exhibited corneal dystrophy (5/6), loose skin (5/6) and/or heart arrhythmia (3/6) and one presented with bilateral optic neuropathy. The impact of the mutation on the protein structure was evaluated in silico. The substitution is located in the fifth domain of gelsolin protein, homologous to the second domain harboring the most common pathogenic variant p.Asp214Asn. Structural investigation revealed that the mutation might affect protein folding. Histopathological analysis showed amyloid deposits in the skin. The p.Glu580Lys is associated with corneal dystrophy, strengthening the association of the fifth domain of gelsolin protein with the typical amyloidosis phenotype. Furthermore, optic neuropathy may be related to the disease and is essential to identify before discussing corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potrč
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Marija Volk
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.d.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jože Pižem
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Teran
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Helena Jaklič
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Brigita Drnovšek-Olup
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Michela Bollati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.d.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Katarina Vogelnik
- Department of Neurology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Alojzija Hočevar
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ana Gornik
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Vladimir Pfeifer
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Jiang Y, Jiao B, Liao X, Xiao X, Liu X, Shen L. Analyses Mutations in GSN, CST3, TTR, and ITM2B Genes in Chinese Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:581524. [PMID: 33192475 PMCID: PMC7533594 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.581524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid protein deposition is a common mechanism of hereditary amyloidosis (HA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mutations of gelsolin (GSN), cystatin C (CST3), transthyretin (TTR), and integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B) genes can lead to HA. But the relationship is unclear between these genes and AD. Genes targeted sequencing (GTS), including GSN, CST3, TTR, and ITM2B, was performed in a total of 636 patients with clinical AD and 365 normal controls from China. As a result, according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, two novel likely pathogenic frame-shift mutations (GSN:c.1036delA:p.K346fs and GSN:c.8_35del:p.P3fs) were detected in five patients with AD, whose initial symptom was memory decline, accompanied with psychological and behavioral abnormalities later. Interestingly, the patient with K346fs mutation, presented cerebral β-amyloid protein deposition, had an early onset (48 years) and experienced rapid progression, while the other four patients with P3fs mutation had a late onset [(Mean ± SD): 69.50 ± 5.20 years] and a long course of illness [(Mean ± SD): 9.24 ± 4.86 years]. Besides, we also discovered 17 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in these four genes. To our knowledge, we are the first to report AD phenotype with GSN mutations in patients with AD in the Chinese cohort. Although mutations in the GSN gene are rare, it may explain a small portion of clinically diagnosed AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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6
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Cabral-Macias J, Garcia-Montaño LA, Pérezpeña-Díazconti M, Aguilar MC, Garcia G, Vencedor-Meraz CI, Graue-Hernandez EO, Chacón-Camacho OF, Zenteno JC. Clinical, histopathological, and in silico pathogenicity analyses in a pedigree with familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (Meretoja syndrome) caused by a novel gelsolin mutation. Mol Vis 2020; 26:345-354. [PMID: 32368002 PMCID: PMC7195602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF) is an inherited amyloidosis arising from mutations in the gelsolin protein (GSN). The disease includes facial paralysis, loose skin, and lattice corneal dystrophy. To date, FAF has been invariably associated with substitution of Asp214 in GSN. We describe the clinical, histopathological, and genetic features of a family with FAF due to a novel GSN mutation. Methods Five affected adult individuals in a three-generation FAF pedigree were included in the study. Histopathological analysis was performed on an eyelid skin biopsy from one patient. Genetic analysis included next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing for confirmation of the GSN variant. Several tools for in silico analysis of pathogenicity for the novel variant and to predict the effect of the amino acid replacement on protein stability were used. Results Three older adult affected patients exhibited corneal lattice dystrophy, cutis laxa, and facultative peripheral neuropathy. Two younger adult individuals presented only with corneal amyloid deposits. NGS identified a heterozygous GSN c.1631T>G transversion, predicting a novel p.Met544Arg mutation. All in silico tools indicated that p.Met544Arg is deleterious for GSN functionality or stability. Conclusions The results expand the molecular spectrum of GSN-linked systemic amyloidosis. The novel p.Met544Arg pathogenic variant is predicted to affect gelsolin function, presumably by impairing a potential calcium-sensitive, actin-binding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cabral-Macias
- Department of Cornea, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marisa-Cruz Aguilar
- Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Garcia
- Department of Cornea, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Oscar F. Chacón-Camacho
- Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana,” Mexico City, Mexico,Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Zenteno
- Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana,” Mexico City, Mexico,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Pande M, Srivastava R. Molecular and clinical insights into protein misfolding and associated amyloidosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111753. [PMID: 31622853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The misfolding of normally soluble proteins causes their aggregation and deposition in the tissues which disrupts the normal structure and function of the corresponding organs. The proteins with high β-sheet contents are more prone to form amyloids as they exhibit high propensity of self-aggregation. The self aggregated misfolded proteins act as template for further aggregation that leads to formation of protofilaments and eventually amyloid fibrils. More than 30 different types of proteins are known to be associated with amyloidosis related diseases. Several aspects of the amyloidogenic behavior of proteins remain elusive. The exact reason that causes misfolding of the protein and its association into amyloid fibrils is not known. These misfolded intermediates surpass the over engaged quality control system of the cell which clears the misfolded intermediates. This promotes the self-aggregation, accumulation and deposition of these misfolded species in the form of amyloids in the different parts of the body. The amyloid deposition can be localized as in Alzheimer disease or systemic as reported in most of the amyloidosis. The amyloidosis can be of acquired type or familial. The current review aims at bringing together recent updates and comprehensive information about protein amyloidosis and associated diseases at one place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Pande
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ragini Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Bollati M, Scalone E, Bonì F, Mastrangelo E, Giorgino T, Milani M, de Rosa M. High-resolution crystal structure of gelsolin domain 2 in complex with the physiological calcium ion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:94-99. [PMID: 31416615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The second domain of gelsolin (G2) hosts mutations responsible for a hereditary form of amyloidosis. The active form of gelsolin is Ca2+-bound; it is also a dynamic protein, hence structural biologists often rely on the study of the isolated G2. However, the wild type G2 structure that have been used so far in comparative studies is bound to a crystallographic Cd2+, in lieu of the physiological calcium. Here, we report the wild type structure of G2 in complex with Ca2+ highlighting subtle ion-dependent differences. Previous findings on different G2 mutations are also briefly revised in light of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bollati
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scalone
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonì
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Toni Giorgino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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9
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Abstract
In the disease familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF) the mechanism by which point mutations in gelsolin domain 2 (G2) lead to furin cleavage is not understood for the intact protein. Here, we determine that FAF mutants adopt similar conformations to the wild-type protein. However, the mutations appear to affect the dynamics of domain:domain interactions. Thus, proper domain:domain interactions are needed to protect G2 from protease cleavage. We make mutations in the following domain (G3) that functionally mimic the FAF mutations in G2. We conclude that G2 is on the limits of stability, and perturbations that affect domain:domain stabilizing interactions tip the balance toward cleavage. These data explain how multiple FAF mutations give rise to amyloid formation. In the disease familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF), also known as AGel amyloidosis (AGel), the mechanism by which point mutations in the calcium-regulated actin-severing protein gelsolin lead to furin cleavage is not understood in the intact protein. Here, we provide a structural and biochemical characterization of the FAF variants. X-ray crystallography structures of the FAF mutant gelsolins demonstrate that the mutations do not significantly disrupt the calcium-free conformations of gelsolin. Small-angle X-ray–scattering (SAXS) studies indicate that the FAF calcium-binding site mutants are slower to activate, whereas G167R is as efficient as the wild type. Actin-regulating studies of the gelsolins at the furin cleavage pH (6.5) show that the mutant gelsolins are functional, suggesting that they also adopt relatively normal active conformations. Deletion of gelsolin domains leads to sensitization to furin cleavage, and nanobody-binding protects against furin cleavage. These data indicate instability in the second domain of gelsolin (G2), since loss or gain of G2-stabilizing interactions impacts the efficiency of cleavage by furin. To demonstrate this principle, we engineered non-FAF mutations in G3 that disrupt the G2-G3 interface in the calcium-activated structure. These mutants led to increased furin cleavage. We carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the FAF and non-FAF mutant G2-G3 fragments of gelsolin. All mutants showed an increase in the distance between the center of masses of the 2 domains (G2 and G3). Since G3 covers the furin cleavage site on G2 in calcium-activated gelsolin, this suggests that destabilization of this interface is a critical step in cleavage.
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Feng X, Zhu H, Zhao T, Hou Y, Liu J. A new heterozygous G duplicate in exon1 (c.100dupG) of gelsolin gene causes Finnish gelsolin amyloidosis in a Chinese family. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01151. [PMID: 30417985 PMCID: PMC6305910 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we report a case of Finnish gelsolin amyloidosis (FGA) in a Chinese family. METHODS The proband presented with a range of clinical symptoms that included epileptic seizures and multiple lesions in the brain. Whole exome sequencing of the Gelsolin (GSN) gene was performed, and the GSN mutation was identified through comparison with the known human genome sequences using Genetic Testing Intelligent Execution System. RESULTS The GSN gene sequencing revealed that a heterozygous G duplicate in exon1 (c.100dupG) of the GSN gene, which caused a frameshift in GSN transcript translation in the proband, his mother and daughter, but his brother did not have it. CONCLUSION We presented a new autosomal dominant heterozygous G duplicate mutation in exon1 of GSN gene, leading to FGA in a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jinlin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jinlin, China
| | - Teng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jinlin, China
| | - Yanbo Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The center Hospital of Gongzhuling, Jilin, China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Jinlin, China
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