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Ribarič S. The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson's Disease Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4358. [PMID: 38673943 PMCID: PMC11050090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have a significant health impact on a global scale. Epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research underpins the assumption that insulin resistance and chronic inflammation contribute to the overlapping aetiologies of T2D and PD. This narrative review summarises the recent evidence on the contribution of T2D to the initiation and progression of PD brain pathology. It also briefly discusses the rationale and potential of alternative pharmacological interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sousa RAL, Yehia A, Abulseoud OA. Attenuation of ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID syndrome. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1237153. [PMID: 37554293 PMCID: PMC10405289 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1237153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with the persistence of pre-existing or the emergence of new neurological and psychiatric manifestations as a part of a multi-system affection known collectively as "post-COVID syndrome." Cognitive decline is the most prominent feature among these manifestations. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain under intense investigation. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that results from the excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive iron, which mediates lipid peroxidation. The accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the impairment of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity trigger ferroptosis. The COVID-19-associated cytokine storm enhances the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and causes immune-cell hyper-activation that is tightly linked to iron dysregulation. Severe COVID-19 presents with iron overload as one of the main features of its pathogenesis. Iron overload promotes a state of inflammation and immune dysfunction. This is well demonstrated by the strong association between COVID-19 severity and high levels of ferritin, which is a well-known inflammatory and iron overload biomarker. The dysregulation of iron, the high levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers, and the inactivation of GPX4 in COVID-19 patients make a strong case for ferroptosis as a potential mechanism behind post-COVID neuropsychiatric deficits. Therefore, here we review the characteristics of iron and the attenuation of ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. L. Sousa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Asmaa Yehia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Meng H, Wei JH, Yu PZ, Ren JX, Tang MY, Sun JY, Yan XY, Su J. Insights into Advanced Neurological Dysfunction Mechanisms Following DBS Surgery in Parkinson's Patients: Neuroinflammation and Pyroptosis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4480-4494. [PMID: 37232753 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS) is the first line of surgical treatment. However, serious neurological impairments such as speech disorders, disturbances of consciousness, and depression after surgery limit the efficacy of treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent experimental and clinical studies that have explored the possible causes of neurological deficits after DBS. Furthermore, we tried to identify clues from oxidative stress and pathological changes in patients that could lead to the activation of microglia and astrocytes in DBS surgical injury. Notably, reliable evidence supports the idea that neuroinflammation is caused by microglia and astrocytes, which may contribute to caspase-1 pathway-mediated neuronal pyroptosis. Finally, existing drugs and treatments may partially ameliorate the loss of neurological function in patients following DBS surgery by exerting neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia-Hang Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Peng-Zheng Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia-Xin Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Meng-Yao Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jun-Yi Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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Chen LL, Fan YG, Zhao LX, Zhang Q, Wang ZY. The metal ion hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of metal chelators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106301. [PMID: 36455485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, is the most common dementia with uncertain etiology. The clinical trials of Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs have almost failed, giving rise to great attention on the other etiologic hypothesis regarding AD such as metal ions dysmetabolism and chronic neuroinflammation. Mounting evidence revealed that the metal ions (iron, copper, and zinc) were dysregulated in the susceptible brain regions of AD patients, which was highly associated with Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation. Further studies uncovered that iron, copper and zinc could not only enhance the production of Aβ but also directly bind to Aβ and tau to promote their aggregations. In addition, the accumulation of iron and copper could respectively promote ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Therefore, the metal ion chelators were recognized as promising agents for treating AD. This review comprehensively summarized the effects of metal ions on the Aβ dynamics and tau phosphorylation in the progression of AD. Furthermore, taking chronic neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of AD, we also provided a summary of the mechanisms concerning metal ions on neuroinflammation and highlighted the metal ion chelators may be potential agents to alleviate neuroinflammation under the condition of AD. Nevertheless, more investigations regarding metal ions on neuroinflammation should be taken into practice, and the effects of metal ion chelators on neuroinflammation should gain more attention. Running title: Metal chelators against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Yang L, Nao J. Ferroptosis: a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2022:revneuro-2022-0121. [PMID: 36514247 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent dementia-causing neurodegenerative condition is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aberrant buildup of amyloid β and tau hyperphosphorylation are the two most well-known theories about the mechanisms underlying AD development. However, a significant number of pharmacological clinical studies conducted around the world based on the two aforementioned theories have not shown promising outcomes, and AD is still not effectively treated. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic programmed cell death defined by the buildup of deadly amounts of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has received more attention in recent years. A wealth of data is emerging to support the role of iron in the pathophysiology of AD. Cell line and animal studies applying ferroptosis modulators to the treatment of AD have shown encouraging results. Based on these studies, we describe in this review the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis; the role that ferroptosis plays in AD pathology; and summarise some of the research advances in the treatment of AD with ferroptosis modulators. We hope to contribute to the clinical management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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Wang ZL, Yuan L, Li W, Li JY. Ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease: glia–neuron crosstalk. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:258-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Insamgobonhwan Protects Neuronal Cells from Lipid ROS and Improves Deficient Cognitive Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020295. [PMID: 35204177 PMCID: PMC8868228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element in the central nervous system that is involved in many of its important biological processes, such as oxygen transportation, myelin production, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Previous studies have observed the selective accumulation of iron in Aβ aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and excess of this accumulation is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, cell death due to iron accumulation, is a potential therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Insamgobonhwan (GBH) is a well-regarded traditional medicine from Donguibogam that possess antioxidant properties and has been suggested to slow the aging process. However, the neuroprotective role of GBH against lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis and its positive cognitive effects remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the ability of GBH to protect against RSL3-induced ferroptosis in vitro and to suppress amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment in vivo. First, we treated HT22 cells with RSL3 to induce ferroptosis, which is an inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and induces lethal lipid hydroperoxide accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ferroptotic cell death. GBH treatment inhibited cell death and lipid peroxidation, which were increased by RSL3 administration. In addition, GBH restored the expression of ferroptosis marker proteins, such as GPX4, HO-1 and COX-2, which were altered by RSL3. Next, we examined whether the protective ability of GBH in cells was reproduced in animals. We concluded that GBH treatment inhibited Aβ-induced lipid peroxidation and improved Aβ-induced cognitive impairment in mice.
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Redox-Active Metal Ions and Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147697. [PMID: 34299316 PMCID: PMC8307724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-active metal ions, Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), are essential biological molecules for the normal functioning of the brain, including oxidative metabolism, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and generation of neurotransmitters. Dyshomeostasis of these redox-active metal ions in the brain could cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, regulating the levels of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III) is necessary for normal brain function. To control the amounts of metal ions in the brain and understand the involvement of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III) in the pathogenesis of AD, many chemical agents have been developed. In addition, since toxic aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been proposed as one of the major causes of the disease, the mechanism of clearing Aβ is also required to be investigated to reveal the etiology of AD clearly. Multiple metalloenzymes (e.g., neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, and ADAM10) have been reported to have an important role in the degradation of Aβ in the brain. These amyloid degrading enzymes (ADE) could interact with redox-active metal ions and affect the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we introduce and summarize the roles, distributions, and transportations of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), along with previously invented chelators, and the structures and functions of ADE in the brain, as well as their interrelationships.
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N2L, a novel lipoic acid-niacin dimer, attenuates ferroptosis and decreases lipid peroxidation in HT22 cells. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:250-259. [PMID: 34171402 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a new type of programmed cell death discovered in recent years, plays an important role in many neurodegenerative diseases. N2L is a novel lipoic acid-niacin dimer regulating lipid metabolism with multifunction, including antioxidant effect. It also exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate- or β-amyloid (Aβ) -induced cell death. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in ferroptosis, we hypothesize that N2L might protect cells from ferroptosis. Here, we investigated the protective effect of N2L and the underlying mechanism(s) under RAS-selective lethality 3 (RSL3) treatment in HT22 cells. RSL3 decreased the cell viability and induced excessive accumulation of ROS in HT22 cells. N2L pretreatment effectively protected HT22 cells against lipid peroxidation. What's more, N2L recovered glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and blocked the increase of Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) protein expressions. Moreover, N2L also significantly prevented Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 (FTH1) from downregulation and maintained iron homeostasis. Finally, N2L pretreatment could decrease c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) / extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) activation induced by RSL3. Taken together, our results showed that N2L could protect HT22 cells from RSL3-induced ferroptosis through decreasing lipid peroxidation and JNK/ERK activation. And N2L could be a ferroptosis inhibitor for the therapy of ferroptosis-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Kosyakovsky J, Fine JM, Frey WH, Hanson LR. Mechanisms of Intranasal Deferoxamine in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020095. [PMID: 33513737 PMCID: PMC7911954 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying disease-modifying therapies for neurological diseases remains one of the greatest gaps in modern medicine. Herein, we present the rationale for intranasal (IN) delivery of deferoxamine (DFO), a high-affinity iron chelator, as a treatment for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disease with a focus on its novel mechanisms. Brain iron dyshomeostasis with iron accumulation is a known feature of brain aging and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. A substantial body of preclinical evidence and early clinical data has demonstrated that IN DFO and other iron chelators have strong disease-modifying impacts in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Acting by the disease-nonspecific pathway of iron chelation, DFO targets each of these complex diseases via multifactorial mechanisms. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest further mechanisms by which IN DFO may also be beneficial in cognitive aging, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, other neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular dementia. Considering its known safety profile, targeted delivery method, robust preclinical efficacy, multiple mechanisms, and potential applicability across many neurological diseases, the case for further development of IN DFO is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kosyakovsky
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
| | - Jared M. Fine
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - William H. Frey
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
| | - Leah R. Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
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Fine JM, Kosyakovsky J, Baillargeon AM, Tokarev JV, Cooner JM, Svitak AL, Faltesek KA, Frey WH, Hanson LR. Intranasal deferoxamine can improve memory in healthy C57 mice, suggesting a partially non-disease-specific pathway of functional neurologic improvement. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01536. [PMID: 31960628 PMCID: PMC7066355 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal deferoxamine (IN DFO) has been shown to decrease memory loss and have beneficial impacts across several models of neurologic disease and injury, including rodent models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. METHODS In order to assess the mechanism of DFO, determine its ability to improve memory from baseline in the absence of a diseased state, and assess targeting ability of intranasal delivery, we treated healthy mice with IN DFO (2.4 mg) or intraperitoneal (IP) DFO and compared behavioral and biochemical changes with saline-treated controls. Mice were treated 5 days/week for 4 weeks and subjected to behavioral tests 30 min after dosing. RESULTS We found that IN DFO, but not IP DFO, significantly enhanced working memory in the radial arm water maze, suggesting that IN administration is more efficacious as a targeted delivery route to the brain. Moreover, the ability of DFO to improve memory from baseline in healthy mice suggests a non-disease-specific mechanism of memory improvement. IN DFO treatment was accompanied by decreased GSK-3β activity and increased HIF-1α activity. CONCLUSIONS These pathways are suspected in DFO's ability to improve memory and perhaps represent a component of the common mechanism through which DFO enacts beneficial change in models of neurologic disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Fine
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jacob Kosyakovsky
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Julian V Tokarev
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jacob M Cooner
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Aleta L Svitak
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - William H Frey
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Leah R Hanson
- Neuroscience Research at HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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