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Li K, Feng Z, Xiong Z, Pan J, Zhou M, Li W, Ou Y, Wu G, Che M, Gong H, Peng J, Wang X, Qi S, Peng J. Growth hormone promotes the reconstruction of injured axons in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2249-2258. [PMID: 38488559 PMCID: PMC11034602 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00026/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Previous studies have shown that growth hormone can regulate hypothalamic energy metabolism, stress, and hormone release. Therefore, growth hormone has great potential for treating hypothalamic injury. In this study, we established a specific hypothalamic axon injury model by inducing hypothalamic pituitary stalk electric lesions in male mice. We then treated mice by intraperitoneal administration of growth hormone. Our results showed that growth hormone increased the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its receptors, and promoted the survival of hypothalamic neurons, axonal regeneration, and vascular reconstruction from the median eminence through the posterior pituitary. Altogether, this alleviated hypothalamic injury-caused central diabetes insipidus and anxiety. These results suggest that growth hormone can promote axonal reconstruction after hypothalamic injury by regulating the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanpeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingfeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weizhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yichao Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengjie Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haodong Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junxiang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Chen H, Deng C, Meng Z, Zhu M, Yang R, Yuan J, Meng S. Combined Catalpol and Tetramethylpyrazine Promote Axonal Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease by Inducing Astrocytes to Secrete Exosomes Carrying CDK5 mRNA and Regulating STAT3 Phosphorylation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04251-z. [PMID: 38789892 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system in aging populations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined catalpol and tetramethylpyrazine (CT) in promoting axonal plasticity in AD and the potential underlying mechanism. Astrocytes were treated with different concentrations of compatible CT. Exosomes were collected and subjected to sequencing analysis, which was followed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of differentially expressed genes. Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) double-transfected male mice were used as the in vivo AD models. Astrocyte-derived exosomes that were transfected with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) or CT treatment were injected into the tail vein of mice. The levels of CDK5, synaptic plasticity marker protein neurofilament 200 (NF200), and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the hippocampus of mice were compared in each group. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the localization of STAT3 and to visualize synaptic morphology via β-tubulin-III (TUBB3). Astrocyte-derived exosomes transfected with siCDK5 or treated with CT were co-cultured with HT-22 cells, which were untransfected or silenced for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Amyloid β-protein (Aβ)1-42 was induced in the in vitro AD models. The viability, apoptosis, and expression levels of NF200 and GAP-43 proteins in the hippocampal neurons of each group were compared. In total, 166 differentially expressed genes in CT-induced astrocyte-derived exosomes were included in the KEGG analysis, and they were found to be enriched in 12 pathways, mainly in axon guidance. CT treatment significantly increased the level of CDK5 mRNA in astrocyte-derived exosomes-these exosomes restored CDK5 mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus of the in vivo AD model mice and the in vitro AD model; promoted p-STAT3 (Ser727), NF200 and GAP-43 proteins; and promoted the regeneration and extension of neuronal synapses. Silencing of CDK5 blocked both neuronal protection as well as induction of axonal plasticity in AD by CT-treated exosomes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, silencing of STAT3 blocked both neuronal protection as well as induction of axonal plasticity in AD caused by CDK5 overexpression or CT-treated astrocyte-induced exosomes. CT promotes axonal plasticity in AD by inducing astrocytes to secrete exosomes carrying CDK5 mRNA and regulating STAT3 (Ser727) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- Second Clinical Medicine College of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengting Zhu
- Graduate School of Jiangxi, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xuhui District, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Li R, Jia H, Si M, Li X, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Sun W, Zhu F, Luo S. Loureirin B protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through modulating M1/M2 microglial polarization via STAT6 / NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175860. [PMID: 37331681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The latest research indicates that modulating microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype may be a coping therapy for ischemic stroke. The present study thereby evaluated the effects of loureirin B (LB), a monomer compound extracted from Sanguis Draconis flavones (SDF), on cerebral ischemic injury and the potential mechanisms. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo, and BV2 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reintroduction (OGD/R) to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro. The results showed that LB significantly reduced infarct volume, neurological deficits and neurobehavioral deficits, apparently improved histopathological changes and neuronal loss in cortex and hippocampus of MCAO/R rats, markedly decreased the proportion of M1 microglia cells and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased the proportion of M2 microglia and the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, LB evidently improved the p-STAT6 expression and reduced the NF-κB (p-p65) expression after cerebral I/R injury in vivo and in vitro. IL-4 (a STAT6 agonist) exhibited a similar impact to that of LB, while AS1517499 (a STAT6 inhibitor) significantly reversed the effect of LB on BV-2 cells after OGD/R. These findings point to the protection of LB against cerebral I/R injury by modulating M1/M2 polarization of microglia via the STAT6/NF-κB signaling pathway, hence LB may be a viable treatment option for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Huiyu Jia
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Min Si
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Wuyi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Shengyong Luo
- Anhui Medical College (Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences), Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
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Naringin Protects against Tau Hyperphosphorylation in A β 25-35-Injured PC12 Cells through Modulation of ER, PI3K/AKT, and GSK-3 β Signaling Pathways. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:1857330. [PMID: 36844418 PMCID: PMC9946756 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1857330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and a significant social and economic burden. Estrogens can exert neuroprotective effects and may contribute to the prevention, attenuation, or even delay in the onset of AD; however, long-term estrogen therapy is associated with harmful side effects. Thus, estrogen alternatives are of interest for countering AD. Naringin, a phytoestrogen, is a key active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Drynaria. Naringin is known to protect against nerve injury induced by amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) 25-35, but the underlying mechanisms of this protection are unclear. To investigate the mechanisms of naringin neuroprotection, we observed the protective effect on Aβ 25-35-injured C57BL/6J mice's learning and memory ability and hippocampal neurons. Then, an Aβ 25-35 injury model was established with adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells. We examined the effect of naringin treatment on Aβ 25-35-injured PC12 cells and its relationship with estrogen receptor (ER), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β signaling pathways. Estradiol (E2) was used as a positive control for neuroprotection. Naringin treatment resulted in improved learning and memory ability, the morphology of hippocampal neurons, increased cell viability, and reduced apoptosis. We next examined the expression of ERβ, p-AKT (Ser473, Thr308), AKT, p-GSK-3β (Ser9), GSK-3β, p-Tau (Thr231, Ser396), and Tau in PC12 cells treated with Aβ 25-35 and either naringin or E2, with and without inhibitors of the ER, PI3K/AKT, and GSK-3β pathways. Our results demonstrated that naringin inhibits Aβ 25-35-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating the ER, PI3K/AKT, and GSK-3β signaling pathways. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of naringin were comparable to those of E2 in all treatment groups. Thus, our results have furthered our understanding of naringin's neuroprotective mechanisms and indicate that naringin may comprise a viable alternative to estrogen therapy.
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Wei X, Zhou Y, Song J, Zhao J, Huang T, Zhang M, Zhao Y. Hyperglycemia Aggravates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Following Diffuse Axonal Injury by Increasing the Levels of Inflammatory Mediators through the PPARγ/Caveolin-1/TLR4 Pathway. Inflammation 2023; 46:129-145. [PMID: 35857154 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia aggravates brain damage after diffuse axonal injury (DAI), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible role for hyperglycemia in the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a rat model of DAI and the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, 50% glucose was intraperitoneally injected after DAI to establish the hyperglycemia model. Hyperglycemia treatment aggravated neurological impairment and axonal injury, increased cell apoptosis and glial activation, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It also exacerbated BBB disruption and decreased the expression of tight junction-associated proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin-1, whereas the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) had the opposite effects. An in vitro BBB model was established by a monolayer of human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Hyperglycemia induction worsened the loss of BBB integrity induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) by increasing the release of inflammatory factors and decreasing the expression of tight junction-associated proteins. Hyperglycemia further reduced the expression of PPARγ and caveolin-1, which significantly decreased after DAI and OGD. Hyperglycemia also further increased the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which significantly increased after OGD. Subsequently, the PPARγ agonist RSG increased caveolin-1 expression and decreased TLR4 expression and inflammatory factor levels. In contrast, caveolin-1 siRNA abrogated the protective effects of RSG in the in vitro BBB model of hyperglycemia by increasing TLR4 and Myd88 expression and the levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Collectively, we demonstrated that hyperglycemia was involved in mediating secondary injury after DAI by disrupting BBB integrity by inducing inflammation through the PPARγ/caveolin-1/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tingqin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yonglin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Alzheimer's Disease and Impaired Bone Microarchitecture, Regeneration and Potential Genetic Links. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020373. [PMID: 36836731 PMCID: PMC9963274 DOI: 10.3390/life13020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and osteoporosis are both age-related degenerative diseases. Many studies indicate that these two diseases share common pathogenesis mechanisms. In this review, the osteoporotic phenotype of AD mouse models was discussed, and shared mechanisms such as hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, similar signaling pathways and impaired neurotransmitters were identified. Moreover, the review provides recent data associated with these two diseases. Furthermore, potential therapeutic approaches targeting both diseases were discussed. Thus, we proposed that preventing bone loss should be one of the most important treatment goals in patients with AD; treatment targeting brain disorders is also beneficial for osteoporosis.
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7
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Patel RS, Lui A, Hudson C, Moss L, Sparks RP, Hill SE, Shi Y, Cai J, Blair LJ, Bickford PC, Patel NA. Small molecule targeting long noncoding RNA GAS5 administered intranasally improves neuronal insulin signaling and decreases neuroinflammation in an aged mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:317. [PMID: 36609440 PMCID: PMC9822944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in normal aging set stage for neurodegeneration and dementia affecting 1 in 10 adults. The study demonstrates that lncRNA GAS5 is decreased in aged and Alzheimer's disease brain. The role and targets of lncRNA GAS5 in the aging brain were elucidated using a GAS5-targeting small molecule NPC86, a frontier in lncRNA-targeting therapeutic. Robust techniques such as molecular dynamics simulation of NPC86 binding to GAS5, in vitro functional assays demonstrating that GAS5 regulates insulin signaling, neuronal survival, phosphorylation of tau, and neuroinflammation via toll-like receptors support the role of GAS5 in maintaining healthy neurons. The study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of intranasal NPC86 treatment in aged mice to improve cellular functions with transcriptomic analysis in response to NPC86. In summary, the study demonstrates that GAS5 contributes to pathways associated with neurodegeneration and NPC86 has tremendous therapeutic potential to prevent the advent of neurodegenerative diseases and dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha S. Patel
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Ashley Lui
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Charles Hudson
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Lauren Moss
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Robert P. Sparks
- Present Address: UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Shannon E. Hill
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XUSF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Yan Shi
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Laura J. Blair
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XUSF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Niketa A. Patel
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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8
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The Effect of Tension on Gene Expression in Primary Nerve Repair via the Epineural Suture Technique. J Surg Res 2022; 277:211-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ao C, Li C, Chen J, Tan J, Zeng L. The role of Cdk5 in neurological disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:951202. [PMID: 35966199 PMCID: PMC9368323 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.951202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a group of disorders with motor, sensory or cognitive damage, caused by dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (Cdk5) is of vital significance for the development of the nervous system, including the migration and differentiation of neurons, the formation of synapses, and axon regeneration. However, when the nervous system is subject to pathological stimulation, aberrant activation of Cdk5 will induce abnormal phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, resulting in a cascade signaling pathway, and thus lead to pathological changes. Cdk5 is intimately related to the pathological mechanism of a variety of neurological disorders, such as A-β protein formation in Alzheimer’s disease, mitochondrial fragmentation in cerebral ischemia, and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. It is worth noting that Cdk5 inhibitors have been reported to have neuroprotective effects by inhibiting related pathological processes. Therefore, in this review, we will briefly introduce the physiological and pathological mechanisms of Cdk5 in the nervous system, focusing on the recent advances of Cdk5 in neurological disorders and the prospect of targeted Cdk5 for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncao Ao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liuwang Zeng
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10
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Liu C, Gao W, Zhao L, Cao Y. Progesterone attenuates neurological deficits and exerts a protective effect on damaged axons via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent pathway in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2574-2589. [PMID: 35305084 PMCID: PMC9004566 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating event with high disability and fatality rates. However, there is a lack of effective treatments for this condition. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and axonal regenerative effects of progesterone after ICH. For this purpose, an ICH model was established in adult mice by injecting type VII collagenase into the striatum; the mice were then treated with progesterone (8 mg/kg). Hematoma absorption, neurological scores, and brain water content were evaluated on days one, three, and seven after the ICH. The effect of progesterone on inflammation and axonal regeneration was examined on day three after the ICH using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, as well as hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and Luxol fast blue staining. In addition, we combined progesterone with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) inhibitor, LY294002, to explore its potential neuroprotective mechanisms. Administration of progesterone attenuated the neurological deficits and expression of inflammatory cytokines and promoted axonal regeneration after ICH, this effect was blocked by LY294002. Collectively, these results suggest that progesterone could reduce axonal damage and produced partial neuroprotective effects after ICH through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing a new therapeutic target and basis for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Chengdu 363 Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu 610021, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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11
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Chen M, He QD, Guo JJ, Wu QB, Zhang Q, Yau YM, Xie YF, Guo ZY, Tong ZY, Yang ZB, Xiao L. Electro-Acupuncture Regulates Metabolic Disorders of the Liver and Kidney in Premature Ovarian Failure Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882214. [PMID: 35957829 PMCID: PMC9359440 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver and kidney dysfunction are important pathogenies for premature ovarian failure (POF). POF is a common gynecological disease that reduced the pregnancy rate. Electro-acupuncture (EA) is a useful non-pharmaceutical therapy that supposedly regulates the function of the liver and kidney in the treatment of POF with TCM. However, the underlying mechanism of EA in the treatment of POF has not been adequately studied through metabonomics with reference to the theory of TCM. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of EA on the liver and kidney metabolites in POF mice through metabolomics. POF mice were established via intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. Both Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Guanyuan (CV4) were stimulated by EA for 3 weeks. The biological samples (including the serum and the ovary, liver, and kidney tissues) were evaluated by histopathology, molecular biology, and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR)-based metabolomics to assess the efficacy of EA. 1HNMR data were analyzed by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results revealed that EA was beneficial to ovarian function and the menstrual cycle of POF. Both the energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism in the liver and kidney were regulated by EA. Notably, EA played an important role in regulating energy-related metabolism in the kidney, and the better effect of neurotransmitter-related metabolism in the liver was regulated by EA. These findings indicated that the ovarian functions could be improved and the metabolic disorder of the liver and kidney caused by POF could be regulated by EA. Our study results thus suggested that the EA therapy, based on the results for the liver and kidney, were related to POF in TCM, as preliminarily confirmed through metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen, ; Zong-bao Yang, ; Lu Xiao,
| | - Qi-da He
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jing-jing Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi-biao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuen-ming Yau
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-feng Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zi-yi Guo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zi-yan Tong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zong-bao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen, ; Zong-bao Yang, ; Lu Xiao,
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen, ; Zong-bao Yang, ; Lu Xiao,
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Xie C, Cai Y, Chen X, Hou Y, He L, Li J, Yao M, Chen S, Wu W, Chen X, Hong A. Peptide ligands targeting FGF receptors promote recovery from dorsal root crush injury via AKT/mTOR signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:10125-10147. [PMID: 34815808 PMCID: PMC8581430 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are key targets for nerve regeneration and repair. The therapeutic effect of exogenous recombinant FGFs in vivo is limited due to their high molecular weight. Small peptides with low molecular weight, easy diffusion, low immunogenicity, and nontoxic metabolite formation are potential candidates. The present study aimed to develop a novel low-molecular-weight peptide agonist of FGFR to promote nerve injury repair. Methods: Phage display technology was employed to screen peptide ligands targeting FGFR2. The peptide ligand affinity for FGFRs was detected by isothermal titration calorimetry. Structural biology-based computer virtual analysis was used to characterize the interaction between the peptide ligand and FGFR2. The peptide ligand effect on axon growth, regeneration, and behavioral recovery of sensory neurons was determined in the primary culture of sensory neurons and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants in vitro and a rat spinal dorsal root injury (DRI) model in vivo. The peptide ligand binding to other membrane receptors was characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. Intracellular signaling pathways primarily affected by the peptide ligand were characterized by phosphoproteomics, and related pathways were verified using specific inhibitors. Results: We identified a novel FGFR-targeting small peptide, CH02, with seven amino acid residues. CH02 activated FGFR signaling through high-affinity binding with the extracellular segment of FGFRs and also had an affinity for several receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family members, including VEGFR2. In sensory neurons cultured in vitro, CH02 maintained the survival of neurons and promoted axon growth. Simultaneously, CH02 robustly enhanced nerve regeneration and sensory-motor behavioral recovery after DRI in rats. CH02-induced activation of FGFR signaling promoted nerve regeneration primarily via AKT and ERK signaling downstream of FGFRs. Activation of mTOR downstream of AKT signaling augmented axon growth potential in response to CH02. Conclusion: Our study revealed the significant therapeutic effect of CH02 on strengthening nerve regeneration and suggested a strategy for treating peripheral and central nervous system injuries.
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Xia X, Zhou C, Sun X, He X, Liu C, Wang G. Estrogen improved the regeneration of axons after subcortical axon injury via regulation of PI3K/Akt/CDK5/Tau pathway. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01777. [PMID: 32755041 PMCID: PMC7507494 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of estrogen on axon regeneration and neurological recovery after subcortical axon injury, and further explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHOD Subcortical axonal fiber injury model was used in this study. Morris water maze was conducted to detect the learning and memory ability of the rats; modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and beam walking test were performed to evaluate the behavioral; and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used for the determination of recovery after subcortical axonal injury, while Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of p-Akt, CDK5, p-Ser262, p-Ser404, and p-Thr205. RESULTS Compared with the Sham group, the injury of subcortical axonal fiber resulted in higher mNSS, higher beam walking scores, longer time of escape latency, less number, time and shorter distance of crossing the quadrant, and less FA values. After ovariectomy, the mNSS, beam walking scores, and escape latency reached the peak; inversely, the others reached a minimum. High estrogen treatment reduced the mNSS, beam walking score, and escape latency; improved the number, time, and distance of crossing the quadrant; and increased the FA value. Western blotting results showed that estrogen increased the expression of p-Akt and decreased the expression of CDK5, p-Ser262, p-Ser404, and p-Thr205. All the changes were counteracted to some extent by Akt inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSION After subcortical axonal injury, estrogen could improve the regeneration of axons and improve their functions via regulating the PI3K/Akt/CDK5/Tau pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xia
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuenong He
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryYongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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