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Kumar A, Lin CC, Kuo SH, Pan MK. Physiological Recordings of the Cerebellum in Movement Disorders. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:985-1001. [PMID: 36070135 PMCID: PMC10354710 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum plays an important role in movement disorders, specifically in symptoms of ataxia, tremor, and dystonia. Understanding the physiological signals of the cerebellum contributes to insights into the pathophysiology of these movement disorders and holds promise in advancing therapeutic development. Non-invasive techniques such as electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram can record neural signals with high temporal resolution at the millisecond level, which is uniquely suitable to interrogate cerebellar physiology. These techniques have recently been implemented to study cerebellar physiology in healthy subjects as well as individuals with movement disorders. In the present review, we focus on the current understanding of cerebellar physiology using these techniques to study movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 650 W 168thStreet, Room 305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 650 W 168thStreet, Room 305, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 650 W 168thStreet, Room 305, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ming-Kai Pan
- Cerebellar Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, 64041, Taiwan.
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 11529, Taiwan.
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2
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Shah-Zamora D, Bowyer S, Zillgitt A, Sidiropoulos C, Mahajan A. Brain Connectivity in Dystonia: Evidence from Magnetoencephalography. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 31:141-155. [PMID: 37338700 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26220-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) detects synchronized activity within a neuronal network by measuring the magnetic field changes generated by intracellular current flow. Using MEG data, we can quantify brain region networks with similar frequency, phase, or amplitude of activity and thereby identify patterns of functional connectivity seen with specific disorders or disease states. In this review, we examine and summarize MEG-based literature on functional networks in dystonias. Specifically, we inspect literature evaluating the pathogenesis of focal hand dystonia, cervical dystonia, embouchure dystonia, the effects of sensory tricks, treatment with botulinum toxin and deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation approaches. This review additionally highlights how MEG has potential for application to clinical care of patients with dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepal Shah-Zamora
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan Bowyer
- Neuromagnetism laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Zillgitt
- Adult Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Christos Sidiropoulos
- Division of Movement disorders, Department of Neurology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Tai RY, Zhu JD, Chen CC, Hsieh YW, Cheng CH. Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Response to Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke Survivors: An MEG Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101284. [PMID: 34679347 PMCID: PMC8533793 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Several brain regions are activated in response to mirror visual feedback (MVF). However, less is known about how these brain areas and their connectivity are modulated in stroke patients. This study aimed to explore the effects of MVF on brain functional connectivity in stroke patients. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 15 stroke patients who executed Bilateral-No mirror, Bilateral-Mirror, and Unilateral-Mirror conditions. The coherence values among five brain regions of interest in four different frequency bands were calculated from magnetoencephalographic signals. We examined the differences in functional connectivity of each two brain areas between the Bilateral-No mirror and Bilateral-Mirror conditions and between the Bilateral-Mirror and Unilateral-Mirror conditions. Results. The functional connectivity analyses revealed significantly stronger connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex in the beta band (adjusted p = 0.04) and possibly stronger connectivity between the precuneus and primary visual cortex in the theta band (adjusted p = 0.08) in the Bilateral-Mirror condition than those in the Bilateral-No mirror condition. However, the comparisons between the Bilateral-Mirror and Unilateral-Mirror conditions revealed no significant differences in cortical coherence in all frequency bands. Conclusions. Providing MVF to stroke patients may modulate the lesioned primary motor cortex through visuospatial and attentional cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yi Tai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ding Zhu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3820) (Y.-W.H.); +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3854) (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3820) (Y.-W.H.); +8863-211-8800 (ext. 3854) (C.-H.C.)
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4
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Mirror Visual Feedback Induces M1 Excitability by Disengaging Functional Connections of Perceptuo-Motor-Attentional Processes during Asynchronous Bimanual Movement: A Magnetoencephalographic Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081092. [PMID: 34439711 PMCID: PMC8392514 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirror visual feedback (MVF) has been shown to increase the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) during asynchronous bimanual movement. However, the functional networks underlying this process remain unclear. We recruited 16 healthy volunteers to perform asynchronous bimanual movement, that is, their left hand performed partial range of movement while their right hand performed normal full range of movement. Their ongoing brain activities were recorded by whole-head magnetoencephalography during the movement. Participants were required to keep both hands stationary in the control condition. In the other two conditions, participants were required to perform asynchronous bimanual movement with MVF (Asy_M) and without MVF (Asy_w/oM). Greater M1 excitability was found under Asy_M than under Asy_w/oM. More importantly, when receiving MVF, the visual cortex reduced its functional connection to brain regions associated with perceptuo-motor-attentional process (i.e., M1, superior temporal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). This is the first study to demonstrate a global functional network of MVF during asynchronous bimanual movement, providing a foundation for future research to examine the neural mechanisms of mirror illusion in motor control.
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Hsieh YW, Lee MT, Lin YH, Chuang LL, Chen CC, Cheng CH. Motor Cortical Activity during Observing a Video of Real Hand Movements versus Computer Graphic Hand Movements: An MEG Study. Brain Sci 2020; 11:E6. [PMID: 33374670 PMCID: PMC7822490 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both action observation (AO) and virtual reality (VR) provide visual stimuli to trigger brain activations during the observation of actions. However, the mechanism of observing video movements performed by a person's real hand versus that performed by a computer graphic hand remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the differences in observing the video of real versus computer graphic hand movements on primary motor cortex (M1) activation by magnetoencephalography. Twenty healthy adults completed 3 experimental conditions: the resting state, the video of real hand movements (VRH), and the video of computer graphic hand movements (CGH) conditions with the intermittent electrical stimuli simultaneously applied to the median nerve by an electrical stimulator. The beta oscillatory activity (~20 Hz) in the M1 was collected, lower values indicating greater activations. To compare the beta oscillatory activities among the 3 conditions, the Friedman test with Bonferroni correction (p-value < 0.017 indicating statistical significance) were used. The beta oscillatory activities of the VRH and CGH conditions were significantly lower than that of the resting state condition. No significant difference in the beta oscillatory activity was found between the VRH and CGH conditions. Observing hand movements in a video performed by a real hand and those by a computer graphic hand evoked comparable M1 activations in healthy adults. This study provides some neuroimaging support for the use of AO and VR in rehabilitation, but no differential activations were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan; (L.-L.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Meng-Ta Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ling Chuang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan; (L.-L.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan; (L.-L.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
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6
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Tai RY, Zhu JD, Cheng CH, Tseng YJ, Chen CC, Hsieh YW. Cortical neural activity evoked by bilateral and unilateral mirror therapy after stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2333-2340. [PMID: 32828035 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of bilateral and unilateral mirror therapy (MT) on motor cortical activations in stroke patients by magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS Sixteen stroke patients and 16 right-handed healthy volunteers were recruited. All participants were required to perform 4 conditions: resting, no mirror with bilateral hand movements (Bilateral-No mirror), mirror with bilateral hand movements (Bilateral-Mirror) and mirror with unilateral hand movements (Unilateral-Mirror). Beta oscillatory activities in the primary motor cortex (M1) were collected during each condition using MEG. The percentage change of beta oscillatory activity was calculated for each condition to correct the baseline differences. RESULTS In the stroke group, the percentage change of M1 beta oscillatory activity significantly decreased more in the Bilateral-Mirror condition than in the Bilateral-No mirror and Unilateral-Mirror conditions. In the healthy group, no significant differences in the percentage change of beta oscillatory activity were found among the 3 conditions. Further, a significant difference in the percentage change of beta oscillatory activity only in the Bilateral-Mirror condition was found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new information on the differential cortical activations modulated by bilateral and unilateral MT. SIGNIFICANCE Bilateral MT led to greater M1 neural activities than unilateral MT and bilateral movements without a mirror in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yi Tai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ding Zhu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhan Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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7
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Cheng CH, Lin SH, Wu CY, Liao YH, Chang KC, Hsieh YW. Mirror Illusion Modulates M1 Activities and Functional Connectivity Patterns of Perceptual-Attention Circuits During Bimanual Movements: A Magnetoencephalography Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1363. [PMID: 32009873 PMCID: PMC6972502 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We differentiated the influence of mirror-induced visual conflicts on the perceptual–attention–motor control process by examining the variation of primary motor cortex (M1) activities and the functional connectivity among five brain regions associated with perceptual, motor, and attentional processes. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded under three conditions: both hands kept stationary with the forearms supinated (resting condition), in-phase bimanual movements with congruent visual feedback [symmetry (Sym) condition], and out-of-phase bimanual movements with incongruent visual feedback [asymmetry (Asy) condition]. We found that compared with the resting state, the decrease in beta oscillation was greater in the Sym than in the Asy condition, suggesting a greater activation of M1 when implementing hand movement without visual conflict. The results of functional connectivity patterns showed that the alpha band functional connectivity between V1 and superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the gamma band functional connectivity between the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) triggered greater or slightly greater coherence strength in the Asy condition than in the Sym condition. However, the beta band functional connectivity showed no difference between the two conditions in all pairs of the brain regions. These findings confirm and extend the previous findings to provide evidence that mirror visual feedback engages the functional networks associated with the perceptual–attentional process and triggers M1 activation, although the M1 activation is functionally independent of other brain regions unrelated to motor function. In summary, this study demonstrated a concrete functional connectivity pattern for motor control in the face of visual conflicts, and providing a foundation for future research to examine the dynamic functional networks of mirror illusion in motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hung Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Liao
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Chou Chang
- Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Discharge Planning Service Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Yuh-Ing Junior College, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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8
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Cheng CH, Liu CY, Hsu SC. Altered functional connectivity between primary and secondary somatosensory areas in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112808. [PMID: 32004761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance in the interpretation of bodily sensation has been widely reported in patients with panic disorder (PD). However, it remains substantially unknown whether patients with PD exhibit any defect in cortical somatosensory processing of non-threatening stimuli. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the functional integrity of the cortical somatosensory system in patients with PD using neurophysiological recordings. A total of 20 patients with PD and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to investigate the cortical responses to median nerve stimulation through whole-head magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging. To comprehensively investigate all somatosensory functioning, we studied the regional activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), contralateral (SIIc), and ipsilateral (SIIi) secondary somatosensory cortices, as well as functional connectivity among the SI, SIIc, and SIIi in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. We found that patients with PD demonstrated a reduction in SI activity compared with those in the HC group. Furthermore, a significantly weaker gamma-band functional connectivity between SI and SIIc was found in the PD group relative to the HC group. Our data suggest that patients with PD exhibit abnormal responses to non-threatening (i.e., pain-free) stimuli in the cortical somatosensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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9
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Modulation of Motor Cortical Activities by Action Observation and Execution in Patients with Stroke: An MEG Study. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:8481371. [PMID: 31781183 PMCID: PMC6875039 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8481371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Action observation therapy has recently attracted increasing attention; however, the mechanisms through which action observation and execution (AOE) modulate neural activity in stroke patients remain unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of action observation and two types of AOE on motor cortical activations after stroke using magnetoencephalography. Twenty patients with stroke and 20 healthy controls were recruited for the collection of data on the beta oscillatory activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). All participants performed the conditions of resting, observation only, and video observation combined with execution (video AOE). Stroke patients performed one additional condition of affected hand observation combined with execution (affected hand AOE). The relative change index of beta oscillations was calculated, and nonparametric tests were used to examine the differences in conditions. In stroke patients, the relative change index of M1 beta oscillatory activity under the video AOE condition was significantly lower than that under the observation only and affected hand AOE conditions. Moreover, M1 cortical activity did not significantly differ under the observation only and affected hand AOE conditions. For healthy controls, the relative change index under the video AOE condition was significantly lower than that under the observation only condition. In addition, no significant differences in relative change indices were found under the observation only and video AOE conditions between the 2 groups. This study provides new insight into the neural mechanisms underlying AOE, which supports the use of observing videos of normal movements during action observation therapy in stroke rehabilitation.
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10
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Brodoehl S, Wagner F, Prell T, Klingner C, Witte OW, Günther A. Cause or effect: Altered brain and network activity in cervical dystonia is partially normalized by botulinum toxin treatment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101792. [PMID: 30928809 PMCID: PMC6444302 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) is a chronic movement disorder characterized by impressive clinical symptoms and the lack of clear pathological findings in clinical diagnostics and imaging. At present, the injection of botulinum toxin (BNT) in dystonic muscles is an effective therapy to control motor symptoms and pain in CD. Objectives We hypothesized that, although it is locally injected to dystonic muscles, BNT application leads to changes in brain and network activity towards normal brain function. Methods Using 3 T functional MR imaging along with advanced analysis techniques (functional connectivity, Granger causality, and regional homogeneity), we aimed to characterize brain activity in CD (17 CD patients vs. 17 controls) and to uncover the effects of BNT treatment (at 6 months). Results In CD, we observed an increased information flow within the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and the sensorimotor cortex. In parallel, some of these structures became less responsive to regulating inputs. Furthermore, our results suggested an altered somatosensory integration. Following BNT administration, we noted a shift towards normal brain function in the CD patients, especially within the motor cortex, the somatosensory cortex, and the basal ganglia. Conclusion The changes in brain function and network activity in CD can be interpreted as related to the underlying cause, the effort to compensate or a mixture of both. Although BNT is applied in the last stage of the cortico-neuromuscular pathway, brain patterns are shifted towards those of healthy controls. we characterized brain activity in CD and the effects of BNT using 3T fMR imaging and network analysis techniques following treatment with botulinum toxin (BNT), abnormal brain activity patterns in primary dystonia are attenuated critical key regions for both the pathophysiology and BNT-induced improvement in cervical dystonia are the BG
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brodoehl
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
| | - Franziska Wagner
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Prell
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Klingner
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - O W Witte
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Albrecht Günther
- Hans Berger Department for Neurology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany
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11
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Georgescu EL, Georgescu IA, Zahiu CDM, Şteopoaie AR, Morozan VP, Pană AŞ, Zăgrean AM, Popa D. Oscillatory Cortical Activity in an Animal Model of Dystonia Caused by Cerebellar Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:390. [PMID: 30459559 PMCID: PMC6232371 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The synchronization of neuronal activity in the sensorimotor cortices is crucial for motor control and learning. This synchrony can be modulated by upstream activity in the cerebello-cortical network. However, many questions remain over the details of how the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum communicate. Therefore, our aim is to study the contribution of the cerebellum to oscillatory brain activity, in particular in the case of dystonia, a severely disabling motor disease associated with altered sensorimotor coupling. We used a kainic-induced dystonia model to evaluate cerebral cortical oscillatory activity and connectivity during dystonic episodes. We performed microinjections of low doses of kainic acid into the cerebellar vermis in mice and examined activities in somatosensory, motor and parietal cortices. We showed that repeated applications of kainic acid into the cerebellar vermis, for five consecutive days, generate reproducible dystonic motor behavior. No epileptiform activity was recorded on electrocorticogram (ECoG) during the dystonic postures or movements. We investigated the ECoG power spectral density and coherence between motor cortex, somatosensory and parietal cortices before and during dystonic attacks. During the baseline condition, we found a phenomenon of permanent adaptation with a change of baseline locomotor activity coupled to an ECoG gamma band increase in all cortices. In addition, after kainate administration, we observed an increase in muscular activity, but less signs of dystonia together with modulations of the ECoG power spectra with an increase in gamma band in motor, parietal and somatosensory cortices. Moreover, we found reduced coherence in all measured frequency bands between the motor cortex and somatosensory or parietal cortices compared to baseline. In conclusion, examination of cortical oscillatory activities in this animal model of chronic dystonia caused by cerebellar dysfunction reveals a disruption in the coordination of neuronal activity across the cortical sensorimotor/parietal network, which may underlie motor skill deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Laura Georgescu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ioana Antoaneta Georgescu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Răzvan Şteopoaie
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Petru Morozan
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Ştefan Pană
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Popa
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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12
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Liu YT, Chen YC, Kwan SY, Chou CC, Yu HY, Yen DJ, Liao KK, Chen WT, Lin YY, Chen RS, Jih KY, Lu SF, Wu YT, Wang PS, Hsiao FJ. Aberrant Sensory Gating of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Contributes to the Motor Circuit Dysfunction in Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:831. [PMID: 30386286 PMCID: PMC6198142 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is conventionally regarded as a movement disorder (MD) and characterized by episodic hyperkinesia by sudden movements. However, patients of PKD often have sensory aura and respond excellently to antiepileptic agents. PRRT2 mutations, the most common genetic etiology of PKD, could cause epilepsy syndromes as well. Standing in the twilight zone between MDs and epilepsy, the pathogenesis of PKD is unclear. Gamma oscillations arise from the inhibitory interneurons which are crucial in the thalamocortical circuits. The role of synchronized gamma oscillations in sensory gating is an important mechanism of automatic cortical inhibition. The patterns of gamma oscillations have been used to characterize neurophysiological features of many neurological diseases, including epilepsy and MDs. This study was aimed to investigate the features of gamma synchronizations in PKD. In the paired-pulse electrical-stimulation task, we recorded the magnetoencephalographic data with distributed source modeling and time-frequency analysis in 19 patients of newly-diagnosed PKD without receiving pharmacotherapy and 18 healthy controls. In combination with the magnetic resonance imaging, the source of gamma oscillations was localized in the primary somatosensory cortex. Somatosensory evoked fields of PKD patients had a reduced peak frequency (p < 0.001 for the first and the second response) and a prolonged peak latency (the first response p = 0.02, the second response p = 0.002), indicating the synchronization of gamma oscillation is significantly attenuated. The power ratio between two responses was much higher in the PKD group (p = 0.013), indicating the incompetence of activity suppression. Aberrant gamma synchronizations revealed the defective sensory gating of the somatosensory area contributes the pathogenesis of PKD. Our findings documented disinhibited cortical function is a pathomechanism common to PKD and epilepsy, thus rationalized the clinical overlaps of these two diseases and the therapeutic effect of antiepileptic agents for PKD. There is a greater reduction of the peak gamma frequency in PRRT2-related PKD than the non-PRRT PKD group (p = 0.028 for the first response, p = 0.004 for the second response). Loss-of-function PRRT2 mutations could lead to synaptic dysfunction. The disinhibiton change on neurophysiology reflected the impacts of PRRT2 mutations on human neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Tsen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeong Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Chou
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Jen Yen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Kum Liao
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ta Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yang Jih
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shan Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Cheng CH. Effects of observing normal and abnormal goal-directed hand movements on somatosensory cortical activation. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:48-57. [PMID: 29178356 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence indicates the importance of observing correct, normal actions on the motor cortical activities. However, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms, particularly in the somatosensory system, remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of observing normal and abnormal hand movements on the contralateral primary somatosensory (cSI), contralateral (cSII) and ipsilateral (iSII) secondary somatosensory activities. Experiment I was designed to investigate the effects of motor outputs on the somatosensory processing, in which subjects were instructed to relax or manipulate a small cube. Experiment II was tailored to examine the somatosensory responses to the observation of normal (Normal) and abnormal (Abnormal) hand movements. The subjects received electrical stimulation to right median nerve and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings during the whole experimental period. Regional cortical activation and functional connectivity were analyzed. Compared to the resting condition, a reduction in cSI and an enhancement of SII activation was found when subjects manipulated a cube, suggesting the motor outputs have an influence on the somatosensory responses. Further investigation of the effects of observing different hand movements showed that cSII activity was significantly stronger in the Normal than Abnormal condition. Moreover, compared with Abnormal condition, a higher cortical coherence of cSI-iSII at theta bands and cSII-iSII at beta bands was found in Normal condition. Conclusively, the present results suggest stronger activation and enhanced functional connectivity within the somatosensory system during the observation of normal than abnormal hand movements. These findings also highlight the importance of viewing normal, correct hands movements in the stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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14
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Cheng CH, Sun HH, Weng JQ, Tseng YJ. Differential motor cortex excitability during observation of normal and abnormal goal-directed movement patterns. Neurosci Res 2017; 123:36-42. [PMID: 28457959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Cheng CH, Tseng YJ, Chen RS, Lin YY. Reduced functional connectivity of somatosensory network in writer's cramp patients. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00433. [PMID: 26839735 PMCID: PMC4726822 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of motor cortex and sensorimotor integration in patients with writer's cramp (WC) has been well documented. However, the exact neurophysiological profile within the somatosensory system, including primary somatosensory cortex (SI), contralateral (SIIc), and ipsilateral (SIIi) secondary somatosensory areas remains less understood. METHODS This study investigated the neuromagnetic cortical activities of median nerve stimulation in 10 patients with WC and 10 healthy controls (HC). To comprehensively explore all the aspects of somatosensory functioning, we analyzed our data with the minimum norm estimate (MNE), the time-frequency approach with evoked and induced activities, and functional connectivity between SI and SIIc (SI-SIIc), SI and SIIi (SI-SIIi), and SIIc and SIIi (SIIc-SIIi) from theta to gamma oscillations. RESULTS No significant between-group differences were found in the MNE cortical amplitudes of SI, SIIc, and SIIi. Power strengths of evoked gamma oscillation and induced beta synchronization were also equivalent between WC and HC groups. However, we found significantly reduced theta coherence of SI-SIIi, alpha coherence of SI-SIIi and SIIc-SIIi, as well as beta coherence of SIIc-SIIi in patients with WC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the involvement of somatosensory abnormalities, primarily with the form of functional connectivity, in patients with WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhan Tseng
- Institute of Physiology National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan; Laboratory of Neurophysiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan; College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Institute of Physiology National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan; Laboratory of Neurophysiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan; Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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