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Nejatishahidein N, Kim M, Jung SY, Borujeni EE, Fernandez-Cerezo L, Roush DJ, Borhan A, Zydney AL. Scale-up Issues for Commercial Depth Filters in Bioprocessing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1105-1114. [PMID: 35032027 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Significant increases in cell density and product titer have led to renewed interest in the application of depth filtration for initial clarification of cell culture fluid in antibody production. The performance of these depth filters will depend on the local pressure and velocity distribution within the filter capsule, but these are very difficult to probe experimentally, leading to challenges in both process design and scale-up. We have used a combination of carefully designed experimental studies and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine these issues in both lab-scale (SupracapTM 50) and pilot-scale (StaxTM ) depth filter modules, both employing dual-layer lenticular PDH4 media containing diatomaceous earth. The SupracapTM 50 showed a more rapid increase in transmembrane pressure and a more rapid DNA breakthrough during filtration of a Chinese Hamster Ovary cell culture fluid. These results were explained using CFD calculations which showed very different flow distributions within the modules. CFD predictions were further validated using measurements of the residence time distribution and dye binding in both the lab-scale and pilot-plant modules. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling the performance and scale-up of these commercially important depth filters as well as a framework that can be broadly applied to develop more effective depth filters and depth filtration processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Nejatishahidein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Seon Yeop Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802.,Dankook University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehsan Espah Borujeni
- Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA.,currently at Biologics Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | | | - David J Roush
- Biologics Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Ali Borhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
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Jung SY, Nejatishahidein N, Kim M, Espah Borujeni E, Fernandez-Cerezo L, Roush DJ, Borhan A, Zydney AL. Quantitative interpretation of protein breakthrough curves in small-scale depth filter modules for bioprocessing. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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B Carvalho S, Peixoto C, T Carrondo MJ, S Silva RJ. Downstream processing for influenza vaccines and candidates: An update. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2845-2869. [PMID: 33913510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks present severe health and economic burdens. To overcome limitations on influenza vaccines' availability and effectiveness, researchers chase universal vaccines providing broad, long-lasting protection against multiple influenza subtypes, and including pandemic ones. Novel influenza vaccine designs are under development, in clinical trials, or reaching the market, namely inactivated, or live-attenuated virus, virus-like particles, or recombinant antigens, searching for improved effectiveness; all these bring downstream processing (DSP) new challenges. Having to deal with new influenza strains, including pandemics, requires shorter development time, driving the development of faster bioprocesses. To cope with better upstream processes, new regulatory demands for quality and safety, and cost reduction requirements, new unit operations and integrated processes are increasing DSP efficiency for novel vaccine formats. This review covers recent advances in DSP strategies of different influenza vaccine formats. Focus is given to the improvements on relevant state-of-the-art unit operations, from harvest and clarification to purification steps, ending with sterile filtration and formulation. The development of more efficient unit operations to cope with biophysical properties of the new candidates is discussed: emphasis is given to the design of new stationary phases, 3D printing approaches, and continuous processing tools, such as continuous chromatography. The impact of the production platforms and vaccine designs on the downstream operations for the different influenza vaccine formats approved for this season are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Dryden WA, Larsen LM, Britt DW, Smith MT. Technical and economic considerations of cell culture harvest and clarification technologies. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Cell separation of Haemophilus influenzae type b through tangential microfiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thakur G, Hebbi V, Parida S, Rathore AS. Automation of Dead End Filtration: An Enabler for Continuous Processing of Biotherapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:758. [PMID: 32719791 PMCID: PMC7350908 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dead end filtration is a critical unit operation that is used for primary and secondary clarification during manufacturing of both microbial and mammalian cell based biotherapeutics. Dead end filtration is conventionally done in batch mode and requires filter pre-sizing using extensive scouting studies, along with filter over-sizing before deployment to handle potential variability. However, continuous manufacturing processes require consistent use of dead-end filtration over weeks or months, with potential unpredictable variations in feed stream attributes, which is a challenge currently facing the industry. In this work, a dead-end filtration skid is designed for continuous depth filtration, incorporating multiple small-sized filters along with turbidity, and pressure sensors with immediate switching to a fresh filter whenever turbidity or pressure breakthrough above a pre-determined cut-off is detected in real time. The skid has been successfully tested for manufacturing of granulocyte colony stimulating factor from Escherichia coli, human serum albumin from Pichia pastoris, and a monoclonal antibody therapeutic from CHO cells. The proposed skid can be directly applied for any dead-end filtration application with minimal prior scouting studies or sizing calculations for scale-up. It is a useful solution for continuous processing trains where the nature of the feed, such as its turbidity or host cell proteins content, may change over long continuous campaigns, rendering previous sizing calculations inaccurate. The skid also allows significant cost savings by eliminating the sizing safety factor of 1.5-2x which is generally added before filter deployment at manufacturing scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Hadpe SR, Mohite V, Alva S, Rathore AS. Pretreatments for enhancing clarification efficiency of depth filtration during production of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2996. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R. Hadpe
- Research and Development Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Special Economic Zone Bangalore India
| | - Vipin Mohite
- Research and Development Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Special Economic Zone Bangalore India
| | - Solomon Alva
- Research and Development Biocon Research Limited, Biocon Special Economic Zone Bangalore India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
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Carvalho SB, Silva RJ, Moreira AS, Cunha B, Clemente JJ, Alves PM, Carrondo MJ, Xenopoulos A, Peixoto C. Efficient filtration strategies for the clarification of influenza virus-like particles derived from insect cells. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Nguyen HC, Langland AL, Amara JP, Dullen M, Kahn DS, Costanzo JA. Improved HCP Reduction Using a New, All-Synthetic Depth Filtration Media Within an Antibody Purification Process. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700771. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John P. Amara
- Biopharm Process Solutions R&D, EMD Millipore Corporation; Bedford MA USA
| | - Michael Dullen
- Biopharm Process Solutions R&D, EMD Millipore Corporation; Bedford MA USA
| | - David S. Kahn
- Bioprocess R&D, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN USA
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Lloyd SB, Niven KP, Kiefel BR, Montefiori DC, Reynaldi A, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Winnall WR. Exploration of broadly neutralizing antibody fragments produced in bacteria for the control of HIV. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2726-2737. [PMID: 28949787 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1368935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are a promising preventative and therapeutic tool for HIV infection, production is difficult and expensive. Production of antibody-like fragments in bacterial cytoplasm provides a cheaper alternative. This work explored the transplantation of the complementarity determining regions of the anti-HIV bnAbs PGT121 and 10E8 onto a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) scaffold, previously discovered through a novel screening platform. The scaffolded 10E8 scFv, but not the scaffolded PGT121 scFv, was soluble in bacterial cytoplasm, enabling efficient production in bacteria. Three additional multimeric constructs employing the scaffolded 10E8 scFv were also generated and soluble versions produced in bacteria. However, the constructs were found to have substantially lost anti-HIV binding function and had completely abrogated neutralizing activity. Overall, while this study provides a proof-of-concept for anti-HIV bnAb construct production in bacterial cytoplasm, future refinement of these technologies will be required to realize the goal of producing inexpensive and effective bnAb-like tools for the control of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Lloyd
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Victoria , Australia
| | - Keith P Niven
- b Affinity BIO Pty Ltd. , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Ben R Kiefel
- b Affinity BIO Pty Ltd. , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - David C Montefiori
- c Department of Medicine , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- d Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity , University of New South Wales Australia , Sydney , Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- d Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity , University of New South Wales Australia , Sydney , Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Victoria , Australia.,e Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,f ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Wendy R Winnall
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Victoria , Australia
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Xenopoulos A. A new, integrated, continuous purification process template for monoclonal antibodies: Process modeling and cost of goods studies. J Biotechnol 2015; 213:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Spiesberger K, Paulfranz F, Egger A, Reiser J, Vogl C, Rudolf-Scholik J, Mayrhofer C, Grosse-Hovest L, Brem G. Large-Scale Purification of r28M: A Bispecific scFv Antibody Targeting Human Melanoma Produced in Transgenic Cattle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140471. [PMID: 26469402 PMCID: PMC4607477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 30 years ago, the potential of bispecific antibodies to engage cytotoxic T cells for the lysis of cancer cells was discovered. Today a variety of bispecific antibodies against diverse cell surface structures have been developed, the majority of them produced in mammalian cell culture systems. Beside the r28M, described here, no such bispecific antibody is known to be expressed by transgenic livestock, although various biologicals for medical needs are already harvested-mostly from the milk-of these transgenics. In this study we investigated the large-scale purification and biological activity of the bispecific antibody r28M, expressed in the blood of transgenic cattle. This tandem single-chain variable fragment antibody is designed to target human CD28 and the melanoma/glioblastoma-associated cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4). RESULTS With the described optimized purification protocol an average yield of 30 mg enriched r28M fraction out of 2 liters bovine plasma could be obtained. Separation of this enriched fraction by size exclusion chromatography into monomers, dimers and aggregates and further testing regarding the biological activity revealed the monomer fraction as being the most appropriate one to continue working with. The detailed characterization of the antibody's activity confirmed its high specificity to induce the killing of CSPG4 positive cells. In addition, first insights into tumor cell death pathways mediated by r28M-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were gained. In consideration of possible applications in vivo we also tested the effect of the addition of different excipients to r28M. CONCLUSION Summing up, we managed to purify monomeric r28M from bovine plasma in a large-scale preparation and could prove that its biological activity is unaffected and still highly specific and thus, might be applicable for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Spiesberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Paulfranz
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Reiser
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Rudolf-Scholik
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Corina Mayrhofer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ludger Grosse-Hovest
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
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Industrial application of impurity flocculation to streamline antibody purification processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.15.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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