1
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Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang M, Chen W, Wang C. Enhancing Monascus Pellet Formation for Improved Secondary Metabolite Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1120. [PMID: 37998925 PMCID: PMC10671975 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are well-known for their ability to form mycelial pellets during submerged cultures, a characteristic that has been extensively studied and applied. However, Monascus, a filamentous saprophytic fungus with a rich history of medicinal and culinary applications, has not been widely documented for pellet formation. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing pellet formation in Monascus and their impact on citrinin production, a key secondary metabolite. Through systematic exploration, we identified pH and inoculum size as critical factors governing pellet formation. Monascus exhibited optimal pellet growth within the acidic pH range from 5 to 6, resulting in smaller, more homogeneous pellets with lower citrinin content. Additionally, we found that inoculum size played a vital role, with lower spore concentrations favoring the formation of small, uniformly distributed pellets. The choice of carbon and nitrogen sources also influenced pellet stability, with glucose, peptone, and fishmeal supporting stable pellet formation. Notably, citrinin content was closely linked to pellet diameter, with larger pellets exhibiting higher citrinin levels. Our findings shed light on optimizing Monascus pellet formation for enhanced citrinin production and provide valuable insights into the cultivation of this fungus for various industrial applications. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (M.Z.)
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2
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Ji Y, Zhang P, Zhou S, Gao P, Wang B, Jiang J. Widespread but Poorly Understood Bacteria: Candidate Phyla Radiation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2232. [PMID: 36422302 PMCID: PMC9698310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria is a bacterial division composed mainly of candidate phyla bacteria with ultra-small cell sizes, streamlined genomes, and limited metabolic capacity, which are generally considered to survive in a parasitic or symbiotic manner. Despite their wide distribution and rich diversity, CPR bacteria have received little attention until recent years, and are therefore poorly understood. This review systematically summarizes the history of CPR research, the parasitic/symbiotic lifestyle, and the ecological distribution and unique metabolic features of CPR bacteria, hoping to provide guidance for future ecological and physiological research on CPR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baozhan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
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3
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Ahmed M, SaKai Y, Fukudome M, Yuan DQ. Cucurbit[7]uril: Synthesis and quenching the quorum sensing in bacteria. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Kager J, Herwig C. Monte Carlo-Based Error Propagation for a More Reliable Regression Analysis across Specific Rates in Bioprocesses. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:160. [PMID: 34821726 PMCID: PMC8614739 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During process development, bioprocess data need to be converted into applicable knowledge. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the obtained data under the usage of transparent and reliable data reduction and correlation techniques. Within this contribution, we show a generic Monte Carlo error propagation and regression approach applied to two different, industrially relevant cultivation processes. Based on measurement uncertainties, errors for cell-specific growth, uptake, and production rates were determined across an evaluation chain, with interlinked inputs and outputs. These uncertainties were subsequently included in regression analysis to derive the covariance of the regression coefficients and the confidence bounds for prediction. The usefulness of the approach is shown within two case studies, based on the relations across biomass-specific rate control limits to guarantee high productivities in E. coli, and low lactate formation in a CHO cell fed-batch could be established. Besides the possibility to determine realistic errors on the evaluated process data, the presented approach helps to differentiate between reliable and unreliable correlations and prevents the wrong interpretations of relations based on uncertain data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kager
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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5
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A Chemometric Tool to Monitor and Predict Cell Viability in Filamentous Fungi Bioprocesses Using UV Chromatogram Fingerprints. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring process variables in bioprocesses with complex expression systems, such as filamentous fungi, requires a vast number of offline methods or sophisticated inline sensors. In this respect, cell viability is a crucial process variable determining the overall process performance. Thus, fast and precise tools for identification of key process deviations or transitions are needed. However, such reliable monitoring tools are still scarce to date or require sophisticated equipment. In this study, we used the commonly available size exclusion chromatography (SEC) HPLC technique to capture impurity release information in Penicillium chrysogenum bioprocesses. We exploited the impurity release information contained in UV chromatograms as fingerprints for development of principal component analysis (PCA) models to descriptively analyze the process trends. Prediction models using well established approaches, such as partial least squares (PLS), orthogonal PLS (OPLS) and principal component regression (PCR), were made to predict the viability with model accuracies of 90% or higher. Furthermore, we demonstrated the platform applicability of our method by monitoring viability in a Trichoderma reesei process for cellulase production. We are convinced that this method will not only facilitate monitoring viability of complex bioprocesses but could also be used for enhanced process control with hybrid models in the future.
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6
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Kager J, Tuveri A, Ulonska S, Kroll P, Herwig C. Experimental verification and comparison of model predictive, PID and model inversion control in a Penicillium chrysogenum fed-batch process. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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7
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Veiter L, Kager J, Herwig C. Optimal process design space to ensure maximum viability and productivity in Penicillium chrysogenum pellets during fed-batch cultivations through morphological and physiological control. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:33. [PMID: 32054538 PMCID: PMC7020361 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-1288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomass growth of Pencillium chrysogenum is characterised by a distinct pellet morphology consisting of compact hyphal agglomerates. Fungal pellets are advantageous in industrial process control due to rheological advantages but lead to biomass degradation due to diffusional limitations of oxygen and substrate in the pellet’s core. Several fermentation parameters are known to affect key pellet characteristics regarding morphology, viability and productivity. Pellet morphology and size are affected by agitation. Biomass viability and productivity are tightly interlinked with substrate uptake and dissolved oxygen concentration. Results The goal of this study was to study the impact of the fermentation parameters power input, dissolved oxygen content and specific substrate uptake rate on morphology, biomass viability and productivity. A design of experiments (DoE) approach was conducted and corresponding responses were analysed using novel morphological descriptors analysed by a previously established flow cytometry method. Results clearly display inverse correlations between power input and pellet size, specific morphological parameters related to pellet density can be increased in direct proportion to power input. Biomass viability and productivity are negatively affected by high specific substrate uptake rates. Conclusions Based upon multiple linear regression, it was possible to obtain an optimal design space for enhanced viability and productivity at beneficial morphological conditions. We could maintain a high number of pellets with favourable morphology at a power input of 1500 W/m3. A sound compromise between viability and high productivity is possible at a specific glucose uptake rate of 0.043 g/g/h at dissolved oxygen levels of 40% minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veiter
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Kager
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Probeless non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopic bioprocess monitoring using microspectrometer technology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:2103-2109. [PMID: 31802180 PMCID: PMC7072045 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Real-time measurements and adjustments of critical process parameters are essential for the precise control of fermentation processes and thus for increasing both quality and yield of the desired product. However, the measurement of some crucial process parameters such as biomass, product, and product precursor concentrations usually requires time-consuming offline laboratory analysis. In this work, we demonstrate the in-line monitoring of biomass, penicillin (PEN), and phenoxyacetic acid (POX) in a Penicilliumchrysogenum fed-batch fermentation process using low-cost microspectrometer technology operating in the near-infrared (NIR). In particular, NIR reflection spectra were taken directly through the glass wall of the bioreactor, which eliminates the need for an expensive NIR immersion probe. Furthermore, the risk of contaminations in the reactor is significantly reduced, as no direct contact with the investigated medium is required. NIR spectra were acquired using two sensor modules covering the spectral ranges 1350–1650 nm and 1550–1950 nm. Based on offline reference analytics, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were established for biomass, PEN, and POX either using data from both sensors separately or jointly. The established PLS models were tested on an independent validation fed-batch experiment. Root mean squared errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 1.61 g/L, 1.66 g/L, and 0.67 g/L for biomass, PEN, and POX, respectively, which can be considered an acceptable accuracy comparable with previously published results using standard process spectrometers with immersion probes. Altogether, the presented results underpin the potential of low-cost microspectrometer technology in real-time bioprocess monitoring applications. Graphical abstract ![]()
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9
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Tesche S, Rösemeier-Scheumann R, Lohr J, Hanke R, Büchs J, Krull R. Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for filamentous actinomycetes: Increased production of labyrinthopeptin A1 in Actinomadura namibiensis. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:781-794. [PMID: 32624971 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete Actinomadura namibiensis was evaluated in 500-mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim of increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically interesting peptide labyrinthopeptin A1. Among the inorganic salts added to a complex production medium, the addition of (NH4)2SO4 led to the highest amount of labyrinthopeptin A1 production. By using 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, the labyrinthopeptin A1 concentration increased up to sevenfold compared to the non-supplemented control, resulting in 325 mg L-1 labyrinthopeptin A1 after 10 days of cultivation. The performance of other ammonium- and sulfate-containing salts (e.g., NH4Cl, K2SO4) was much lower than the performance of (NH4)2SO4. A positive correlation between the uptake of glycerol as one of the main carbon sources and nongrowth-associated labyrinthopeptin productivity was found. The change in the cell morphology of A. namibiensis in conjunction with increased osmolality by the addition of 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, was quantified by image analysis. A. namibiensis always developed a heterogeneous morphology with pellets and loose mycelia present simultaneously. In contrast to the non-supplemented control, the morphology of (NH4)2SO4-supplemented cultures was characterized by smaller and circular pellets that were more stable against disintegration in the stationary production phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tesche
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Rösemeier-Scheumann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jonas Lohr
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Hanke
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
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10
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Veiter L, Kubicek M, Hutter H, Pittenauer E, Herwig C, Slouka C. Study of metabolism and identification of productive regions in filamentous fungi via spatially resolved time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:2081-2088. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Veiter L, Herwig C. The filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum analysed via flow cytometry-a fast and statistically sound insight into morphology and viability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6725-6735. [PMID: 31218375 PMCID: PMC6667401 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi serve as production host for a number of highly relevant biotechnological products, like penicillin. In submerged culture, morphology can be exceptionally diverse and is influenced by several process parameters, like aeration, agitation, medium composition or growth rate. Fungal growth leads to several morphological classes encompassing homogeneously dispersed hyphae and various forms of hyphal agglomerates and/or clump structures. Eventually, the so-called pellet structure can be formed, which represents a hyphal agglomerate with a dense core. Pellet structures can hinder oxygen and substrate transport, resulting in different states of viability, which in turn affects productivity and process control. Over the years, several publications have dealt with methods to either gain morphological insight into pellet structure or determine biomass viability. Within this contribution, we present a way to combine both in a flow cytometry–based method employing fluorescent staining. Thereby, we can assess filamentous biomass in a statistically sound way according to (i) morphology and (ii) viability of each detected morphological form. We are confident that this method can shed light on the complex relationship between fungal morphology, viability and productivity—in both process development and routine manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veiter
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166-4, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/166-4, 1060, Wien, Austria.
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12
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Veiter L, Rajamanickam V, Herwig C. The filamentous fungal pellet-relationship between morphology and productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2997-3006. [PMID: 29473099 PMCID: PMC5852183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used for the production of a multitude of highly relevant biotechnological products like citric acid and penicillin. In submerged culture, fungi can either grow in dispersed form or as spherical pellets consisting of aggregated hyphal structures. Pellet morphology, process control and productivity are highly interlinked. On the one hand, process control in a bioreactor usually demands for compact and small pellets due to rheological issues. On the other hand, optimal productivity might be associated with less dense and larger morphology. Over the years, several publications have dealt with aforementioned relations within the confines of specific organisms and products. However, contributions which evaluate such interlinkages across several fungal species are scarce. For this purpose, we are looking into methods to manipulate fungal pellet morphology in relation to individual species and products. This review attempts to address (i) how variability of pellet morphology can be assessed and (ii) how morphology is linked to productivity. Firstly, the mechanism of pellet formation is outlined. Subsequently, the description and analysis of morphological variations are discussed to finally establish interlinkages between productivity, performance and morphology across different fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veiter
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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State estimation for a penicillin fed-batch process combining particle filtering methods with online and time delayed offline measurements. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Morphological analysis of the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum using flow cytometry-the fast alternative to microscopic image analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7675-7688. [PMID: 28913699 PMCID: PMC5624980 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An important parameter in filamentous bioreactor cultivations is the morphology of the fungi, due to its interlink to productivity and its dependency on process conditions. Filamentous fungi show a large variety of morphological forms in submerged cultures. These range from dispersed hyphae, to interwoven mycelial aggregates, to denser hyphal aggregates, the so-called pellets. Depending on the objective function of the bioprocess, different characteristics of the morphology are favorable and need to be quantified accurately. The most common method to quantitatively characterize morphology is image analysis based on microscopy. This method is work intensive and time consuming. Therefore, we developed a faster, at-line applicable, alternative method based on flow cytometry. Within this contribution, this novel method is compared to microscopy for a penicillin production process. Both methods yielded in comparable distinction of morphological sub-populations and described their morphology in more detail. In addition to the appropriate quantification of size parameters and the description of the hyphal region around pellets, the flow cytometry method even revealed a novel compactness parameter for fungal pellets which is not accessible via light microscopy. Hence, the here presented flow cytometry method for morphological analysis is a fast and reliable alternative to common tools with some new insights in the pellet morphology, enabling at-line use in production environments.
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15
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Stelzer IV, Kager J, Herwig C. Comparison of Particle Filter and Extended Kalman Filter Algorithms for Monitoring of Bioprocesses. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63965-3.50249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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16
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Golabgir A, Herwig C. Combining Mechanistic Modeling and Raman Spectroscopy for Real-Time Monitoring of Fed-Batch Penicillin Production. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Ehgartner D, Herwig C, Neutsch L. At-line determination of spore inoculum quality in Penicillium chrysogenum bioprocesses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5363-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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19
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Looser V, Bruhlmann B, Bumbak F, Stenger C, Costa M, Camattari A, Fotiadis D, Kovar K. Cultivation strategies to enhance productivity of Pichia pastoris: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1177-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Walisko R, Moench-Tegeder J, Blotenberg J, Wucherpfennig T, Krull R. The Taming of the Shrew--Controlling the Morphology of Filamentous Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:1-27. [PMID: 25796624 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most sensitive process characteristics in the cultivation of filamentous biological systems is their complex morphology. In submerged cultures, the observed macroscopic morphology of filamentous microorganisms varies from freely dispersed mycelium to dense spherical pellets consisting of a more or less dense, branched and partially intertwined network of hyphae. Recently, the freely dispersed mycelium form has been in high demand for submerged cultivation because this morphology enhances the growth and production of several valuable products. A distinct filamentous morphology and productivity are influenced by the environment and can be controlled by inoculum concentration, spore viability, pH value, cultivation temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, medium composition, mechanical stress or process mode as well as through the addition of inorganic salts or microparticles, which provides the opportunity to tailor a filamentous morphology. The suitable morphology for a given bioprocess varies depending on the desired product. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of each morphological type should be carefully evaluated for every biological system. Because of the high industrial relevance of filamentous microorganisms, research in previous years has aimed at the development of tools and techniques to characterise their growth and obtain quantitative estimates of their morphological properties. The focus of this review is on current advances in the characterisation and control of filamentous morphology with a separation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Furthermore, recent strategies to tailor the morphology through classical biochemical process parameters, morphology and genetic engineering to optimise the productivity of these filamentous systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walisko
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany,
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21
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Helmel M, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Raus M, Posch AE, Herwig C, Šebela M, Allmaier G. Intact cell mass spectrometry as a progress tracking tool for batch and fed-batch fermentation processes. Anal Biochem 2015; 470:25-33. [PMID: 25447465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Penicillin production during a fermentation process using industrial strains of Penicillium chrysogenum is a research topic permanently discussed since the accidental discovery of the antibiotic. Intact cell mass spectrometry (ICMS) can be a fast and novel monitoring tool for the fermentation progress during penicillin V production in a nearly real-time fashion. This method is already used for the characterization of microorganisms and the differentiation of fungal strains; therefore, the application of ICMS to samples directly harvested from a fermenter is a promising possibility to get fast information about the progress of fungal growth. After the optimization of the ICMS method to penicillin V fermentation broth samples, the obtained ICMS data were evaluated by hierarchical cluster analysis or an in-house software solution written especially for ICMS data comparison. Growth stages of a batch and fed-batch fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenum are differentiated by one of those statistical approaches. The application of two matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) instruments in the linear positive ion mode from different vendors demonstrated the universal applicability of the developed ICMS method. The base for a fast and easy-to-use method for monitoring the fermentation progress of P. chrysogenum is created with this ICMS method developed especially for fermentation broth samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Helmel
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Raus
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centrum of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas E Posch
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Šebela
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Centrum of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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