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Wu H, Tang X, Wang Y, Wang N, Chen Q, Xie J, Liu S, Zhong Z, Qiu Y, Situ P, Zern MA, Wang J, Chen H, Duan Y. Dextran sulfate prevents excess aggregation of human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture by inhibiting ICAM1 expression coupled with down-regulating E-cadherin through activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:218. [PMID: 35619172 PMCID: PMC9137216 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential in applications for regenerative medicine and drug development. However, 3D suspension culture systems for clinical-grade hPSC large-scale production have been a major challenge. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the addition of dextran sulfate (DS) could prevent excessive adhesion of hPSCs from forming larger aggregates in 3D suspension culture. However, the signaling and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Methods By using a cell aggregate culture assay and separating big and small aggregates in suspension culture systems, the potential mechanism and downstream target genes of DS were investigated by mRNA sequence analysis, qRT-PCR validation, colony formation assay, and interference assay. Results Since cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) play important roles in hPSC adhesion and aggregation, we assumed that DS might prevent excess adhesion through affecting the expression of CAMs in hPSCs. As expected, after DS treatment, we found that the expression of CAMs was significantly down-regulated, especially E-cadherin (E-cad) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), two highly expressed CAMs in hPSCs. The role of E-cad in the adhesion of hPSCs has been widely investigated, but the function of ICAM1 in hPSCs is hardly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that ICAM1 exhibited the capacity to promote the adhesion in hPSCs, and this adhesion was suppressed by the treatment with DS. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of RNA-seq revealed that DS treatment up-regulated genes related to Wnt signaling resulting in the activation of Wnt signaling in which SLUG, TWIST, and MMP3/7 were highly expressed, and further inhibited the expression of E-cad. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that DS played an important role in controlling the size of hPSC aggregates in 3D suspension culture by inhibiting the expression of ICAM1 coupled with the down-regulation of E-cad through the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. These results represent a significant step toward developing the expansion of hPSCs under 3D suspension condition in large-scale cultures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02890-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Genetic Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhong
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Qiu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Situ
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark A Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Tang X, Wu H, Xie J, Wang N, Chen Q, Zhong Z, Qiu Y, Wang J, Li X, Situ P, Lai L, Zern MA, Chen H, Duan Y. The combination of dextran sulphate and polyvinyl alcohol prevents excess aggregation and promotes proliferation of pluripotent stem cells in suspension culture. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13112. [PMID: 34390064 PMCID: PMC8450127 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For clinical applications of cell-based therapies, a large quantity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) produced in standardized and scalable culture processes is required. Currently, microcarrier-free suspension culture shows potential for large-scale expansion of hPSCs; however, hPSCs tend to aggregate during culturing leading to a negative effect on cell yield. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel protocol to effectively control the sizes of cell aggregates and enhance the cell proliferation during the expansion of hPSCs in suspension. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPSCs were expanded in suspension culture supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dextran sulphate (DS), and 3D suspension culture of hPSCs formed cell aggregates under static or dynamic conditions. The sizes of cell aggregates and the cell proliferation as well as the pluripotency of hPSCs after expansion were assessed using cell counting, size analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence staining, embryoid body formation, teratoma formation and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the addition of DS alone effectively prevented hPSC aggregation, while the addition of PVA significantly enhanced hPSC proliferation. The combination of PVA and DS not only promoted cell proliferation of hPSCs but also produced uniform and size-controlled cell aggregates. Moreover, hPSCs treated with PVA, or DS or a combination, maintained the pluripotency and were capable of differentiating into all three germ layers. mRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that the combination of PVA and DS significantly promoted hPSC proliferation and prevented cell aggregation through improving energy metabolism-related processes, regulating cell growth, cell proliferation and cell division, as well as reducing the adhesion among hPSC aggregates by affecting expression of genes related to cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent a significant step towards developing a simple and robust approach for the expansion of hPSCs in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qicong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qiu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiajing Li
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Situ
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark A Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Sun S, Yano S, Nakanishi MO, Hirose M, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Ogura A, Tanaka S. Maintenance of mouse trophoblast stem cells in KSR-based medium allows conventional 3D culture. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:197-205. [PMID: 33746143 PMCID: PMC8238679 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) can differentiate into trophoblast cells, which constitute the placenta. Under conventional culture conditions, in a medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), and heparin and in the presence of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) as feeder cells, TSCs maintain their undifferentiated, proliferative status. MEFs can be replaced by a 70% MEF-conditioned medium (MEF-CM) or by TGF-ß/activin A. To find out if KnockOutTM Serum Replacement (KSR) can replace FBS for TSC maintenance, we cultured mouse TSCs in KSR-based, FBS-free medium and investigated their proliferation capacity, stemness, and differentiation potential. The results indicated that fibronectin, vitronectin, or laminin coating was necessary for adhesion of TSCs under KSR-based conditions but not for their survival or proliferation. While the presence of FGF4, heparin, and activin A was not sufficient to support the proliferation of TSCs, the addition of a pan-retinoic acid receptor inverse agonist and a ROCK-inhibitor yielded a proliferation rate comparable to that obtained under the conventional FBS-based conditions. TSCs cultured under the KSR-based conditions had a gene expression and DNA methylation profile characteristic of TSCs and exhibited a differentiation potential. Moreover, under KSR-based conditions, we could obtain a suspension culture of TSCs using extracellular matrix (ECM) coating-free dishes. Thus, we have established here, KSR-based culture conditions for the maintenance of TSCs, which should be useful for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shota Yano
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Momo O Nakanishi
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BRC, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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4
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Horiguchi I, Torizal FG, Nagate H, Inose H, Inamura K, Hirata O, Hayashi H, Horikawa M, Sakai Y. Protection of human induced pluripotent stem cells against shear stress in suspension culture by Bingham plastic fluid. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3100. [PMID: 33169533 PMCID: PMC8244041 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suspension culture is an important method used in the industrial preparation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), for regenerative therapy and drug screening. Generally, a suspension culture requires agitation to keep PSC aggregates suspended and to promote mass transfer, but agitation also causes cell damage. In this study, we investigated the use of a Bingham plastic fluid, supplemented with a polysaccharide‐based polymer, to preserve PSCs from cell damage in suspension culture. Rheometric analysis showed that the culture medium gained yield stress and became a Bingham plastic fluid, after supplementation with the polymer FP003. A growth/death analysis revealed that 2 days of aggregate formation and 2 days of suspension in the Bingham plastic medium improved cell growth and prevented cell death. After the initial aggregation step, whereas strong agitation (120 rpm) of a conventional culture medium resulted in massive cell death, in the Bingham plastic fluid we obtained the same growth as the normal culture with optimal agitation (90 rpm). This indicates that Bingham plastic fluid protected cells from shear stress in suspension culture and could be used to enhance their robustness when developing a large‐scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Horiguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hotaka Nagate
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Inose
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Inamura
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Sun W, Starly B, Daly AC, Burdick JA, Groll J, Skeldon G, Shu W, Sakai Y, Shinohara M, Nishikawa M, Jang J, Cho DW, Nie M, Takeuchi S, Ostrovidov S, Khademhosseini A, Kamm RD, Mironov V, Moroni L, Ozbolat IT. The bioprinting roadmap. Biofabrication 2020; 12:022002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Ibuki M, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. A novel tool for suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells: Lysophospholipids as a cell aggregation regulator. Regen Ther 2019; 12:74-82. [PMID: 31890769 PMCID: PMC6933451 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suspension culture for the increase in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been one of the major challenges. Previously, we reported that albumin-associated lipids prevented aggregation of hiPSCs, whereas, lipids responsible for this function were unclear. Here, by using cell aggregation assay, we investigated principal lipids regulated aggregation size of hiPSCs. As a result, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), known as lysophospholipids acting as a signaling molecule, were identified. These lipids regulated the aggregation size in a dose-dependent manner. Aggregates formed with these lipids kept the high-expression rates of pluripotent marker genes and had the abilities of proliferation. These studies demonstrated that LPA and S1P were useful for suspension culture for hiPSCs without affecting the growth ability and pluripotency of hiPSCs. This knowledge will lead to the development of a simple and robust method for the mass culture of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ibuki
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, 6-7-3, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Torizal FG, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Open Biomed Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874120701913010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintained to obtain a high yield. Various culture systems are currently available for optimum cell propagation by maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell cultivation. Each type of culture system using a different configuration with various advantages and disadvantages affecting the mechanical conditions in the bioreactor, such as shear stress. These factors make it difficult to preserve the cellular viability and pluripotency of PSCs. Additional limitations of the culture system for PSCs must also be identified and overcome to maintain the culture conditions and enable large-scale expansion and differentiation of PSCs. This review describes the different physiological conditions in the various culture systems and recent developments in culture technology for PSC expansion and differentiation.
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8
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de Almeida Fuzeta M, de Matos Branco AD, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Addressing the Manufacturing Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 171:225-278. [PMID: 31844924 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exciting developments in the cell therapy field over the last decades have led to an increasing number of clinical trials and the first cell products receiving marketing authorization. In spite of substantial progress in the field, manufacturing of cell-based therapies presents multiple challenges that need to be addressed in order to assure the development of safe, efficacious, and cost-effective cell therapies.The manufacturing process of cell-based therapies generally requires tissue collection, cell isolation, culture and expansion (upstream processing), cell harvest, separation and purification (downstream processing), and, finally, product formulation and storage. Each one of these stages presents significant challenges that have been the focus of study over the years, leading to innovative and groundbreaking technological advances, as discussed throughout this chapter.Delivery of cell-based therapies relies on defining product targets while controlling process variable impact on cellular features. Moreover, commercial viability is a critical issue that has had damaging consequences for some therapies. Implementation of cost-effectiveness measures facilitates healthy process development, potentially being able to influence end product pricing.Although cell-based therapies represent a new level in bioprocessing complexity in every manufacturing stage, they also show unprecedented levels of therapeutic potential, already radically changing the landscape of medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Dargen de Matos Branco
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lobato da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Horváthy DB, Simon M, Schwarz CM, Masteling M, Vácz G, Hornyák I, Lacza Z. Serum albumin as a local therapeutic agent in cell therapy and tissue engineering. Biofactors 2017; 43:315-330. [PMID: 27859738 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Albumin is a major plasma protein that has become ubiquitous in regenerative medicine research. As such, many studies have examined its structure and advantageous properties. However, a systematic and comprehensive understanding of albumin's role, capabilities and therapeutic potential still eludes the field. In the present work, we review how albumin is applied in tissue engineering, including cell culture and storage, in vitro fertilization and transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss how albumin's physiological role extends beyond a carrier for metal ions, fatty acids, pharmacons and growth factors. Albumin acts as a bacteriostatic coating that simultaneously promotes attachment and proliferation of eukaryotic cells. These properties with the combination of free radical scavenging, neutrophil activation and as a buffer molecule already make the albumin protein beneficial in healing processes supporting functional tissue remodeling. Nevertheless, recent data revealed that albumin can be synthesized by osteoblasts and its local concentration is raised after bone trauma. Interestingly, by increasing the local albumin concentration in vivo, faster bone healing is achieved, possibly because albumin recruits endogenous stem cells and promotes the growth of new bone. These data also suggest an active role of albumin, even though a specific receptor has not yet been identified. Together, this discussion sheds light on why the extravascular use of the albumin molecule is in the scope of scientific investigations and why it should be considered as a local therapeutic agent in regenerative medicine. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):315-330, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes B Horváthy
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Simon
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte M Schwarz
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariana Masteling
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Vácz
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Hornyák
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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