1
|
Askaripour K, Żak A. A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:16-29. [PMID: 37807247 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of Escherichia coli under electromagnetic fields is of significance in human studies owing to its short doubling time and human-like DNA mechanisms. The present review aims to systematically evaluate the literature to conclude causality between 0 and 300 GHz electromagnetic fields and biological effects in E. coli. To that end, the OHAT methodology and risk of bias tool were employed. Exponentially growing cells exposed for over 30 min at temperatures up to3 7 ∘ C $3{7}^{\circ }\,{\rm{C}}$ with fluctuations below1 ∘ C ${1}^{\circ }\,{\rm{C}}$ were included from the Web-of-Knowledge, PubMed, or EMF-Portal databases. Out of 904 records identified, 25 articles satisfied the selection criteria, with four excluded during internal validation. These articles examined cell growth (11 studies), morphology (three studies), and gene regulation (11 studies). Most experiments (85%) in the included studies focused on the extremely low-frequency (ELF) range, with 60% specifically at 50 Hz. Changes in growth rate were observed in 74% of ELF experiments and 71% of radio frequency (RF) experiments. Additionally, 80% of ELF experiments showed morphology changes, while gene expression changes were seen in 33% (ELF) and 50% (RF) experiments. Due to the limited number of studies, especially in the intermediate frequency and RF ranges, establishing correlations between EMF exposure and biological effects on E. coli is not possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Askaripour
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żak
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Wang N, Laghari AA, Li H, Wang C, Zhao Z, Gao X, Zeng Q. A Review and Perspective of Environmental Disinfection Technology Based on Microwave Irradiation. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:46-59. [PMID: 36743476 PMCID: PMC9885074 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-022-00247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the context of COVID-19 sweeping the world, the development of microbial disinfection methods in gas, liquid, and solid media has received widespread attention from researchers. As a disinfection technology that can adapt to different environmental media, microwave-assisted disinfection has the advantages of strong permeability, no secondary pollution, etc. The purpose of this review is to put forward new development requirements for future microwave disinfection strategies by summarizing current microwave disinfection methods and effects. From the perspective of the interaction mechanism of microwave and microorganisms, this review provides a development direction for more accurate and microscopic disinfection mechanism research. RECENT FINDINGS Compared to other traditional environmental disinfection techniques, microwave-assisted disinfection means have the advantages of being more destructive, free of secondary contamination, and thorough. Currently, researchers generally agree that the efficiency of microwave disinfection is the result of a combination of thermal and non-thermal effects. However, the performance of microwave disinfection shows the differences in the face of different environmental media as well as different types of microorganisms. SUMMARY This review highlights the inactivation mechanism of microwave-assisted disinfection techniques used in different scenarios. Suggestions for promoting the efficiency and overcoming the limitations of low energy utilization, complex reactor design, and inaccurate monitoring methods are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Azhar Ali Laghari
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Levitt BB, Lai HC, Manville AM. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:327-406. [PMID: 34243228 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last five decades to become a ubiquitous, continuous, biologically active environmental pollutant, even in rural and remote areas. Many species of flora and fauna, because of unique physiologies and habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. This can lead to complex endogenous reactions that are highly variable, largely unseen, and a possible contributing factor in species extinctions, sometimes localized. Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms are explored. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that current low-level anthropogenic EMF can have myriad adverse and synergistic effects, including on orientation and migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance and defense, and on vitality, longevity and survivorship itself. Effects have been observed in mammals such as bats, cervids, cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others, and on birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, microbes and many species of flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed in laboratory research on animal models that can be extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual multi-system mechanisms can come into play with non-human species - including in aquatic environments - that rely on the Earth's natural geomagnetic fields for critical life-sustaining information. Part 2 of this 3-part series includes four online supplement tables of effects seen in animals from both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low intensities. Taken as a whole, this indicates enough information to raise concerns about ambient exposures to nonionizing radiation at ecosystem levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as 'habitat' so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced - a subject explored in Part 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry C Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert M Manville
- Advanced Academic Programs, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC Campus, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pegios A, Kavvadas D, Ζarras K, Mpani K, Soukiouroglou P, Charalampidou S, Vagdatli E, Papamitsou T. The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation Transmitted from Routers on Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:327-338. [PMID: 36059284 PMCID: PMC9395630 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2111-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation has both thermal and non-thermal outcomes on biological systems, such as humans, animals, and bacteria. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation, emitted by Wi-Fi routers, on bacterial strains and the modification of their susceptibility to modern antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this case-control paired study, four bacteria were selected, and one colony from each bacterial strain was exposed to Wi-Fi radiation forming the exposure group. Another set of colonies was not exposed to Wi-Fi radiation, forming the control group. Eight different antibiotic disks were set on the bacterial plates, and the inhibition zone was measured every 3 h for each colony. RESULTS Electromagnetic radiation affects bacterial colonies and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences, correlated with the bacterial strain, the antibiotic agent, and the time of the exposure, in the inhibition zones, mostly after 6 and 24 h (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION A correlation was observed between antibiotic susceptibility and non-ionizing radiofrequency exposure. Studying the effects of radiofrequency radiation on prokaryotic organisms could clarify more complicated cell structures and organisms, such as eukaryotic. Further experiments, in vitro and in vivo, could provide more information about these outcomes and cause experts to discuss the current guidelines of exposure limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Pegios
- MD, Pediatric Surgeon, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kavvadas
- PhD Candidate, Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ζarras
- MD, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Konstantia Mpani
- MD, Department of Biopathology and Microbiology, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Prodromos Soukiouroglou
- MD, Department of Biopathology and Microbiology, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Charalampidou
- MD, Department of Biopathology and Microbiology, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vagdatli
- PhD, Department of Biopathology and Microbiology, Hippokratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- PhD, Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wainwright J, Hobbs G, Nakouti I. Persister cells: formation, resuscitation and combative therapies. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5899-5906. [PMID: 34739553 PMCID: PMC8590677 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Persister cells, or superfits, have been strongly implicated in the recalcitrance and recurrence of chronic bacterial infection through the dormant (metabolically reduced) phenotype they display and the tolerance to antimicrobial agents this dormancy grants them. The complex biochemical events that lead to the formation of persister cells are not completely understood, though much research has linked the degradation of type II toxin/antitoxin systems and reduced cellular ATP levels to the rise in stress response molecules (where (p)ppGpp is of particular interest), which induce this dormant state. The equally complex mechanism of resuscitation is initiated by the cells’ ability to sense nutrient availability via chemotaxis systems. Levels of secondary messenger proteins (i.e., cAMP) within the cell are reduced to allow the resuscitation of ribosomes, by ribosomal resuscitation factor HflX, to reinstate protein synthesis and, therefore, growth to re-populate. Techniques of superfit eradication utilise one, or more, of three approaches (i) direct killing, (ii) re-sensitising persister cells to conventional antimicrobials, or (iii) prevention of persister formation though few laboratory findings have been translated to clinical practice. This work will outline current findings in the field with a critical approach, where possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Glyn Hobbs
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ismini Nakouti
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Said-Salman I, Yassine W, Rammal A, Hneino M, Yusef H, Moustafa M. Effects of Wi-Fi Radiofrequency Radiation on Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:575-582. [PMID: 34337771 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hazardous consequences of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure represent a public health concern. Common sources of EMF include smartphones and wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi). The aim of our study is to assess whether exposure to Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation influences the pathogenic traits of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). In this study, K. pneumoniae showed a non-linear response to treatments with Colistin and Gentamycin following different Wi-Fi exposure periods. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological changes in the bacterial cell membrane within 24 h of Wi-Fi exposure. Crystal violet quantification and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the ability to form biofilms was greater in Wi-Fi exposed K. pnemoniae when compared to control. Moreover, higher levels of bcsA, mrkA, and luxS messenger RNAs were observed. Our data suggest that Wi-Fi exposure can influence bacteria in a stressful way, leading to an alteration in their antibiotic susceptibility, morphological changes, and cumulative biofilm formation. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Said-Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debiyeh, Lebanon
| | - Wissam Yassine
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Ali Rammal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Hneino
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Hoda Yusef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Said-Salman IH, Jebaii FA, Yusef HH, Moustafa ME. Global gene expression analysis of Escherichia coli K-12 DH5α after exposure to 2.4 GHz wireless fidelity radiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14425. [PMID: 31595026 PMCID: PMC6783421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the non-thermal effects of Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation of 2.4 GHz on global gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12 DH5α. High-throughput RNA-sequencing of 2.4 GHz exposed and non-exposed bacteria revealed that 101 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) at P ≤ 0.05. The up-regulated genes were 52 while the down-regulated ones were 49. QRT-PCR analysis of pgaD, fliC, cheY, malP, malZ, motB, alsC, alsK, appB and appX confirmed the RNA-seq results. About 7% of DEGs are involved in cellular component organization, 6% in response to stress stimulus, 6% in biological regulation, 6% in localization, 5% in locomotion and 3% in cell adhesion. Database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) functional clustering revealed that DEGs with high enrichment score included genes for localization of cell, locomotion, chemotaxis, response to external stimulus and cell adhesion. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis showed that the pathways for flagellar assembly, chemotaxis and two-component system were affected. Go enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated DEGs are involved in metabolic pathways, transposition, response to stimuli, motility, chemotaxis and cell adhesion. The down-regulated DEGs are associated with metabolic pathways and localization of ions and organic molecules. Therefore, the exposure of E. coli DH5α to Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation for 5 hours influenced several bacterial cellular and metabolic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilham H Said-Salman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fatima A Jebaii
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hoda H Yusef
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed E Moustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
I H SS, F A J, H H Y, M E M. Evaluation of Wi-Fi Radiation Effects on Antibiotic Susceptibility, Metabolic Activity and Biofilm Formation by Escherichia Coli 0157H7, Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermis. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:579-586. [PMID: 31750272 PMCID: PMC6820025 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The radiation emitted from electromagnetic fields (EMF) can cause biological effects on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including non-thermal effects.
Objective: The present study evaluated the non-thermal effects of wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) operating at 2.4 GHz part of non-ionizing EMF on different pathogenic bacterial strains
(Escherichia coli 0157H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis). Antibiotic resistance, motility, metabolic activity and biofilm formation were examined.
Material and Methods: In this case-control, a Wi-Fi router was used as a source of microwaves and also bacterial cells were exposed to Wi-Fi radiation continuously for 24 and 48 hours. The antibiotic susceptibility was carried out using a disc diffusion method on Müller Hinton agar plates. Motility of Escherichia coli 0157H7 was conducted on motility agar plates. Cell metabolic activity and biofilm formation were performed using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and crystal violet quantification, respectively.
Results: The exposure to Wi-Fi radiation altered motility and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli 0157H7. However,
there was no effect Wi-Fi radiation on antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. On the other hand,
the exposed cells, as compared to the unexposed control, showed an increased metabolic activity and biofilm formation ability in Escherichia coli 0157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.
Conclusion: These results proposed that Wi-Fi exposure acted on bacteria in stressful manner by increasing antibiotic resistance and motility of Escherichia coli 0157H7,
as well as enhancing biofilm formation by Escherichia coli 0157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The findings may have implications
for the management of serious diseases caused by these infectious bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said-Salman I H
- MSc, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
- MSc, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Jebaii F A
- PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Yusef H H
- PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon
| | - Moustafa M E
- PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazinani SA, Noaman N, Pergande MR, Cologna S, Coorssen J, Yan H. Exposure to microwave irradiation at constant culture temperature slows the growth of Escherichia coliDE3 cells, leading to modified proteomic profiles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11810-11817. [PMID: 35517035 PMCID: PMC9063421 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00617f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
E. coligrowth is slowed by exposure to non-lethal microwave irradiation, accompanied by changes in proteomic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Atrin Mazinani
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- Ontario
- Canada
| | - Nour Noaman
- Department of Applied Health Sciences
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Brock University
- Ontario
- Canada
| | | | | | - Jens Coorssen
- Department of Applied Health Sciences
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Brock University
- Ontario
- Canada
| | - Hongbin Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology
- Brock University
- Ontario
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|