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S. A. F, K. S. C, L. D, M. G, S. P, R. L. L, C. A. H. Engineering Vascularized Islet Macroencapsulation Devices: An in vitro Platform to Study Oxygen Transport in Perfused Immobilized Pancreatic Beta Cell Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:884071. [PMID: 35519615 PMCID: PMC9061948 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.884071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet encapsulation devices serve to deliver pancreatic beta cells to type 1 diabetic patients without the need for chronic immunosuppression. However, clinical translation is hampered by mass transport limitations causing graft hypoxia. This is exacerbated in devices relying only on passive diffusion for oxygenation. Here, we describe the application of a cylindrical in vitro perfusion system to study oxygen effects on islet-like clusters immobilized in alginate hydrogel. Mouse insulinoma 6 islet-like clusters were generated using microwell plates and characterized with respect to size distribution, viability, and oxygen consumption rate to determine an appropriate seeding density for perfusion studies. Immobilized clusters were perfused through a central channel at different oxygen tensions. Analysis of histological staining indicated the distribution of viable clusters was severely limited to near the perfusion channel at low oxygen tensions, while the distribution was broadest at normoxia. The results agreed with a 3D computational model designed to simulate the oxygen distribution within the perfusion device. Further simulations were generated to predict device performance with human islets under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The combination of experimental and computational findings suggest that a multichannel perfusion strategy could support in vivo viability and function of a therapeutic islet dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernandez S. A.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Champion K. S.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danielczak L.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gasparrini M.
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paraskevas S.
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Leask R. L.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hoesli C. A.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hoesli C. A.,
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Fernandez SA, Danielczak L, Gauvin-Rossignol G, Hasilo C, Bégin-Drolet A, Ruel J, Paraskevas S, Leask RL, Hoesli CA. An in vitro Perfused Macroencapsulation Device to Study Hemocompatibility and Survival of Islet-Like Cell Clusters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:674125. [PMID: 34124024 PMCID: PMC8193939 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.674125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hydrogel-encapsulated pancreatic islets is a promising long-term treatment for type 1 diabetes that restores blood glucose regulation while providing graft immunoprotection. Most human-scale islet encapsulation devices that rely solely on diffusion fail to provide sufficient surface area to meet islet oxygen demands. Perfused macroencapsulation devices use blood flow to mitigate oxygen limitations but increase the complexity of blood-device interactions. Here we describe a human-scale in vitro perfusion system to study hemocompatibility and performance of islet-like cell clusters (ILCs) in alginate hydrogel. A cylindrical perfusion device was designed for multi-day culture without leakage, contamination, or flow occlusion. Rat blood perfusion was assessed for prothrombin time and international normalized ratio and demonstrated no significant change in clotting time. Ex vivo perfusion performed with rats showed patency of the device for over 100 min using Doppler ultrasound imaging. PET-CT imaging of the device successfully visualized metabolically active mouse insulinoma 6 ILCs. ILCs cultured for 7 days under static conditions exhibited abnormal morphology and increased activated caspase-3 staining when compared with the perfused device. These findings reinforce the need for convective transport in macroencapsulation strategies and offer a robust and versatile in vitro system to better inform preclinical design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Danielczak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Craig Hasilo
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - André Bégin-Drolet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Ruel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard L Leask
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Marfil‐Garza BA, Polishevska K, Pepper AR, Korbutt GS. Current State and Evidence of Cellular Encapsulation Strategies in Type 1 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:839-878. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lai WF, Huang E, Lui KH. Alginate-based complex fibers with the Janus morphology for controlled release of co-delivered drugs. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:77-85. [PMID: 33613731 PMCID: PMC7878464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are soft materials consisting of a three-dimensional network of polymer chains. Over the years, hydrogels with different compositions have been developed as drug carriers for diverse biomedical applications, ranging from cancer therapy and wound care to the treatment of neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Most of these carriers, however, are designed only to deliver single agents. Carriers based on hydrogels for co-delivery of multiple agents, with the release rate of each of the co-delivered agents tunable, are lacking. This study reports a one-pot method of fabricating alginate-based complex fibers with the Janus morphology, with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium functioning as a polymeric modifier of the properties of each of the fiber compartments. By using malachite green and minocycline hydrochloride as model drugs, the generated fibers demonstrate the capacity of enabling the release profile of each of the co-delivered drugs to be precisely controlled. Along with their negligible toxicity and the retention of the activity of the loaded drugs, the complex fibers reported in this study warrant further development and optimization for applications that involve co-delivery of multiple agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Ho Lui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Navarro-Tableros V, Gomez Y, Brizzi MF, Camussi G. Generation of Human Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Organoids (POs) for Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:179-220. [PMID: 31025308 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an auto-immune condition characterized by the loss of pancreatic β-cells. The curative approach for highly selected patients is the pancreas or the pancreatic islet transplantation. Nevertheless, these options are limited by a growing shortage of donor organs and by the requirement of immunosuppression.Xenotransplantation of porcine islets has been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, the strong xenoimmunity and the risk of transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses, have limited their application in clinic. Generation of β-like cells from stem cells is one of the most promising strategies in regenerative medicine. Embryonic, and more recently, adult stem cells are currently the most promising cell sources exploited to generate functional β-cells in vitro. A number of studies demonstrated that stem cells could generate functional pancreatic organoids (POs), able to restore normoglycemia when implanted in different preclinical diabetic models. Nevertheless, a gradual loss of function and cell dead are commonly detected when POs are transplanted in immunocompetent animals. So far, the main issue to be solved is the post-transplanted islet loss, due to the host immune attack. To avoid this hurdle, nanotechnology has provided a number of polymers currently under investigation for islet micro and macro-encapsulation. These new approaches, besides conferring PO immune protection, are able to supply oxygen and nutrients and to preserve PO morphology and long-term viability.Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on bioengineered POs and the stem cell differentiation platforms. We also discuss the in vitro strategies used to generate functional POs, and the protocols currently used to confer immune-protection against the host immune attack (micro- and macro-encapsulation). In addition, the most relevant ongoing clinical trials, and the most relevant hurdles met to move towards clinical application are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Navarro-Tableros
- 2i3T Società per la gestione dell'incubatore di imprese e per il trasferimento tecnologico Scarl, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Yonathan Gomez
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Fondazione per la Ricerca Biomedica-ONLUS, Turin, Italy.
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Salg GA, Giese NA, Schenk M, Hüttner FJ, Felix K, Probst P, Diener MK, Hackert T, Kenngott HG. The emerging field of pancreatic tissue engineering: A systematic review and evidence map of scaffold materials and scaffolding techniques for insulin-secreting cells. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419884708. [PMID: 31700597 PMCID: PMC6823987 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419884708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioartificial endocrine pancreas is proposed as a future alternative to current treatment options. Patients with insulin-secretion deficiency might benefit. This is the first systematic review that provides an overview of scaffold materials and techniques for insulin-secreting cells or cells to be differentiated into insulin-secreting cells. An electronic literature survey was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science, limited to the past 10 years. A total of 197 articles investigating 60 different materials met the inclusion criteria. The extracted data on materials, cell types, study design, and transplantation sites were plotted into two evidence gap maps. Integral parts of the tissue engineering network such as fabrication technique, extracellular matrix, vascularization, immunoprotection, suitable transplantation sites, and the use of stem cells are highlighted. This systematic review provides an evidence-based structure for future studies. Accumulating evidence shows that scaffold-based tissue engineering can enhance the viability and function or differentiation of insulin-secreting cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alexander Salg
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Schenk
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J Hüttner
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Probst
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus K Diener
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Götz Kenngott
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Petry F, Weidner T, Czermak P, Salzig D. Three-Dimensional Bioreactor Technologies for the Cocultivation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Beta Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2547098. [PMID: 29731775 PMCID: PMC5872596 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2547098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a prominent health problem caused by the failure of pancreatic beta cells. One therapeutic approach is the transplantation of functional beta cells, but it is difficult to generate sufficient beta cells in vitro and to ensure these cells remain viable at the transplantation site. Beta cells suffer from hypoxia, undergo apoptosis, or are attacked by the host immune system. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) can improve the functionality and survival of beta cells in vivo and in vitro due to direct cell contact or the secretion of trophic factors. Current cocultivation concepts with beta cells are simple and cannot exploit the favorable properties of hMSCs. Beta cells need a three-dimensional (3D) environment to function correctly, and the cocultivation setup is therefore more complex. This review discusses 3D cultivation forms (aggregates, capsules, and carriers) for hMSCs and beta cells and strategies for large-scale cultivation. We have determined process parameters that must be balanced and considered for the cocultivation of hMSCs and beta cells, and we present several bioreactor setups that are suitable for such an innovative cocultivation approach. Bioprocess engineering of the cocultivation processes is necessary to achieve successful beta cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Petry
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Project Group Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Winchesterstr. 3, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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8
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Abstract
The concept of bioreactors in biochemical engineering is a well-established process; however, the idea of applying bioreactor technology to biomedical and tissue engineering issues is relatively novel and has been rapidly accepted as a culture model. Tissue engineers have developed and adapted various types of bioreactors in which to culture many different cell types and therapies addressing several diseases, including diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. With a rising world of bioreactor development and an ever increasing diagnosis rate of diabetes, this review aims to highlight bioreactor history and emerging bioreactor technologies used for diabetes-related cell culture and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Minteer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorg C Gerlach
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Krishnan R, Alexander M, Robles L, Foster CE, Lakey JRT. Islet and stem cell encapsulation for clinical transplantation. Rev Diabet Stud 2014; 11:84-101. [PMID: 25148368 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2014.11.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, improvements in islet isolation techniques have made islet transplantation an option for a certain subset of patients with long-standing diabetes. Although islet transplants have shown improved graft function, adequate function beyond the second year has not yet been demonstrated, and patients still require immunosuppression to prevent rejection. Since allogeneic islet transplants have experienced some success, the next step is to improve graft function while eliminating the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Biomaterial encapsulation offers a strategy to avoid the need for toxic immunosuppression while increasing the chances of graft function and survival. Encapsulation entails coating cells or tissue in a semipermeable biocompatible material that allows for the passage of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones while blocking immune cells and regulatory substances from recognizing and destroying the cell, thus avoiding the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy. Despite advances in encapsulation technology, these developments have not yet been meaningfully translated into clinical islet transplantation, for which several factors are to blame, including graft hypoxia, host inflammatory response, fibrosis, improper choice of biomaterial type, lack of standard guidelines, and post-transplantation device failure. Several new approaches, such as the use of porcine islets, stem cells, development of prevascularized implants, islet nanocoating, and multilayer encapsulation, continue to generate intense scientific interest in this rapidly expanding field. This review provides a comprehensive update on islet and stem cell encapsulation as a treatment modality in type 1 diabetes, including a historical outlook as well as current and future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Lourdes Robles
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Clarence E Foster
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Orlando G, Wood KJ, De Coppi P, Baptista PM, Binder KW, Bitar KN, Breuer C, Burnett L, Christ G, Farney A, Figliuzzi M, Holmes JH, Koch K, Macchiarini P, Mirmalek Sani SH, Opara E, Remuzzi A, Rogers J, Saul JM, Seliktar D, Shapira-Schweitzer K, Smith T, Solomon D, Van Dyke M, Yoo JJ, Zhang Y, Atala A, Stratta RJ, Soker S. Regenerative medicine as applied to general surgery. Ann Surg 2012; 255:867-80. [PMID: 22330032 PMCID: PMC3327776 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318243a4db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review illustrates the state of the art of regenerative medicine (RM) as applied to surgical diseases and demonstrates that this field has the potential to address some of the unmet needs in surgery. RM is a multidisciplinary field whose purpose is to regenerate in vivo or ex vivo human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function through exploitation of the potential to regenerate, which is intrinsic to human cells, tissues, and organs. RM uses cells and/or specially designed biomaterials to reach its goals and RM-based therapies are already in use in several clinical trials in most fields of surgery. The main challenges for investigators are threefold: Creation of an appropriate microenvironment ex vivo that is able to sustain cell physiology and function in order to generate the desired cells or body parts; identification and appropriate manipulation of cells that have the potential to generate parenchymal, stromal and vascular components on demand, both in vivo and ex vivo; and production of smart materials that are able to drive cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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Zhang W, He X. Microencapsulating and Banking Living Cells for Cell-Based Medicine. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2011; 2:427-446. [PMID: 22180835 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.2.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge to the eventual success of the emerging cell-based medicine such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell transplantation is the limited availability of the desired cell sources. This challenge can be addressed by cell microencapsulation to overcome the undesired immune response (i.e., to achieve immunoisolation) so that non-autologous cells can be used to treat human diseases, and by cell/tissue preservation to bank living cells for wide distribution to end users so that they are readily available when needed in the future. This review summarizes the status quo of research in both cell microencapsulation and banking the microencapsulated cells. It is concluded with a brief outlook of future research directions in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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