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Spasov AA, Fedorova OV, Rasputin NA, Ovchinnikova IG, Ishmetova RI, Ignatenko NK, Gorbunov EB, Sadykhov GAO, Kucheryavenko AF, Gaidukova KA, Sirotenko VS, Rusinov GL, Verbitskiy EV, Charushin VN. Novel Substituted Azoloazines with Anticoagulant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15581. [PMID: 37958560 PMCID: PMC10648877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercytokinemia, or cytokine storm, often complicates the treatment of viral and bacterial infections, including COVID-19, leading to the risk of thrombosis. However, the use of currently available direct anticoagulants for the treatment of COVID-19 patients is limited due to safety reasons. Therefore, the development of new anticoagulants remains an urgent task for organic and medicinal chemistry. At the same time, new drugs that combine anticoagulant properties with antiviral or antidiabetic activity could be helpfull in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially those suffering from such concomitant diseases as arterial hypertension or diabetes. We have synthesized a number of novel substituted azoloazines, some of which have previously been identified as compounds with pronounced antiviral, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiaggregant, and anticoagulant activity. Two compounds from the family of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have demonstrated anticoagulant activity at a level exceeding or at least comparable with that of dabigatran etexilate as the reference compound. 7,5-Di(2-thienyl)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine has shown the highest ability to prolong the thrombin time, surpassing this reference drug by 2.2 times. This compound has also exhibited anticoagulant activity associated with the inhibition of thrombin (factor IIa). Moreover, the anticoagulant effect of this substance becomes enhanced under the conditions of a systemic inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Olga V. Fedorova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Nikolay A. Rasputin
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Irina G. Ovchinnikova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Rashida I. Ishmetova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Nina K. Ignatenko
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Evgeny B. Gorbunov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Gusein A. o. Sadykhov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Aida F. Kucheryavenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Kseniia A. Gaidukova
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Victor S. Sirotenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Technology & Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Egor V. Verbitskiy
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Modern methods for the synthesis of indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sadykhov GA, Belyaev DV, Vakhrusheva DV, Eremeeva NI, Khramtsova EE, Pervova MG, Rusinov GL, Verbitskiy EV, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. New Approach to Biologically Active Indolo[2,3‐
b
]quinoxaline Derivatives through Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gusein A. Sadykhov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
- Ural Federal University Mira St. 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | - Danila V. Belyaev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
- Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology – the Branch of National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infection Diseases 22 Parts'ezda St., 50 Ekaterinburg 620039 Russia
| | - Diana V. Vakhrusheva
- Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology – the Branch of National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infection Diseases 22 Parts'ezda St., 50 Ekaterinburg 620039 Russia
| | - Natalya I. Eremeeva
- Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology – the Branch of National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infection Diseases 22 Parts'ezda St., 50 Ekaterinburg 620039 Russia
| | | | - Marina G. Pervova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
- Ural Federal University Mira St. 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | - Egor V. Verbitskiy
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
- Ural Federal University Mira St. 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
- Ural Federal University Mira St. 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22 Ekaterinburg 620137 Russia
- Ural Federal University Mira St. 19 Ekaterinburg 620002 Russia
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Abstract
Keratin is a structural protein of mammalian tissues and birds, representing the principal constituent of hair, nails, skin, wool, hooves, horns, beaks, and feathers, and playing an essential role in protecting the body from external harassment. Due to its intrinsic features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, responsiveness to specific biological environment, and physical–chemical properties, keratin has been extensively explored in the production of nanocarriers of active principles for different biomedical applications. In the present review paper, we aimed to give a literature overview of keratin-based nanoparticles produced starting from human hair, wool, and chicken feathers. Along with the chemical and structural description of keratin nanoparticles, selected in vitro and in vivo biological data are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive framework of possible fields of application of this protein. Despite the considerable number of papers describing the production and use of keratin nanoparticles as carries of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs or as hemostatic and wound healing materials, still, efforts are needed to implement keratin nanoparticles towards their clinical application.
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Kunjiappan S, Sankaranarayanan M, Karan Kumar B, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Arunachalam S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Baskararaj S, Vellaichamy S, Arulmani L, Panneerselvam T. Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095101. [PMID: 33113518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc57e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml-1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi St. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | | | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Lalitha Arulmani
- Senior Scientist, Virtis Biolabs, Pvt., Ltd, Kannankurichi, Salem-636008, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal-637205, India
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Pandian SRK, Pavadai P, Vellaisamy S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Sundar LM, Chandramohan V, Sankaranarayanan M, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S. Formulation and evaluation of rutin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of brain tumor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:735-749. [PMID: 33156389 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary requirement for curing cancer is the delivery of essential drug load at the cancer microenvironment with therapeutic efficacy. Considering this, the present study aims to formulate "Rutin"-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for effective brain delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rutin-loaded SLNs were fabricated by oil-in-water microemulsion technique and were characterized for their physicochemical properties. The in vivo biodistribution study of rutin-loaded SLNs was studied using Rattus norvegicus rats. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking and dynamic calculations were performed to examine the binding affinity as well as stability of rutin at the active site of target protein "epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)." Formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle diameter of 100 nm. Additionally, the biocompatibility and stability have been proved in vitro. The presence and biodistribution of rutin in vivo after 54 h of injection were observed as 15.23 ± 0.32% in the brain, 8.68 ± 0.63% in the heart, 4.78 ± 0.28% in the kidney, 5.04 ± 0.37% in the liver, 0.92 ± 0.04% in the lung, and 11.52 ± 0.65% in the spleen, respectively. Molecular docking results revealed the higher binding energy of - 150.973 kJ/mol of rutin with EGFR. Molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated that rutin with EGFR receptor complex was highly stable at 30 ns. The observed results exemplified that the formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were stable in circulation for a period up to 5 days. Thus, rutin-encapsulated SLN formulations can be used as a promising vector to target tumors across BBB. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, 626005, India
| | - Ponnusamy Palanisamy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Lakshmi M Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | | | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, 637205, India.
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India.
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Utilization of plant-derived Myricetin molecule coupled with ultrasound for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles against breast cancer. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1963-1976. [PMID: 32468137 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has gained great interest in the field of cancer therapeutics. We attempted a simple and stable synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Myricetin (Myr) adopting ultrasound-assisted method. Further, we evaluated anticancer activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The physico-chemical properties of biosynthesized Myr-AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and particle size analysis. The study reports of Myr-AuNPs showed spherical-shaped particles with a size of < 50 nm. Stability of the particles was increased in various physiological media. Furthermore, the graph theoretical network analysis of Myr-AuNPs indicated that the probable binding with the mTOR is an effective target for breast cancer cells. In silico molecular docking study of Myr-AuNPs in human mTOR kinase was found to be strong binding. The IC50 value of Myr-AuNPs was calculated as 13 μg mL-1 against MCF-7 cell line. The AO/EB and DAPI stainings confirmed the anticancer activity by Myr-AuNPs-treated cells showed a good proportion of dead cells evidenced with formation of pro-apoptotic bodies. In addition, Myr-AuNPs exhibited depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species. This study proves that Myr-AuNPs holds great promise to use against breast cancer as a potent anticancer drug. Graphical abstract A schematic representation for the biosynthesis of Myr-AuNPs.
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