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Li Y, Yang Y, Li P, Sheng M, Li L, Ma X, Du Z, Tang K, Hao X, Kai G. AaABI5 transcription factor mediates light and abscisic acid signaling to promote anti-malarial drug artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127345. [PMID: 37820909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua, a member of the Asteraceae family, remains the primary source of artemisinin. However, the artemisinin content in the existing varieties of this plant is very low. In this study, we found that the environmental factors light and phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) could synergistically promote the expression of artemisinin biosynthetic genes. Notably, the increased expression levels of those genes regulated by ABA depended on light. Gene expression analysis found that AaABI5, a transcription factor belonging to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family, was inducible by the light and ABA treatment. Analysis of AaABI5-overexpressing and -suppressing lines suggested that AaABI5 could enhance artemisinin biosynthesis and activate the expression of four core biosynthetic genes. In addition, the key regulator of light-induced artemisinin biosynthesis, AaHY5, could bind to the promoter of AaABI5 and activate its expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that AaABI5 acts as an important molecular junction for the synergistic promotion of artemisinin biosynthesis by light and ABA signals, which provides a candidate gene for developing new germplasms of high-quality A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Li
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yinkai Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ling Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhiyan Du
- Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Perez-Matas E, Hidalgo-Martinez D, Escrich A, Alcalde MA, Moyano E, Bonfill M, Palazon J. Genetic approaches in improving biotechnological production of taxanes: An update. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1100228. [PMID: 36778697 PMCID: PMC9909606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) and its derivatives are diterpene alkaloids widely used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various types of cancer. Due to the scarcity of PTX in nature, its production in cell cultures and plant organs is a major challenge for plant biotechnology. Although significant advances have been made in this field through the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques, production levels remain insufficient to meet the current market demand for these powerful anticancer drugs. A key stumbling block is the difficulty of genetically transforming the gymnosperm Taxus spp. This review focuses on the progress made in improving taxane production through genetic engineering techniques. These include the overexpression of limiting genes in the taxane biosynthetic pathway and transcription factors involved in its regulation in Taxus spp. cell cultures and transformed roots, as well as the development and optimization of transformation techniques. Attempts to produce taxanes in heterologous organisms such as bacteria and yeasts are also described. Although promising results have been reported, the transfer of the entire PTX metabolic route has not been possible to date, and taxane biosynthesis is still restricted to Taxus cells and some endophytic fungi. The development of a synthetic organism other than Taxus cells capable of biotechnologically producing PTX will probably have to wait until the complete elucidation of its metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Perez-Matas
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Martinez
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainoa Escrich
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alcalde
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Moyano
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Palazon
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang K, Fan W, Chen D, Jiang L, Li Y, Yao Z, Yang Y, Qiu D. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression normalization in Taxus spp. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22205. [PMID: 33335184 PMCID: PMC7747704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is commonly used to measure gene expression to further explore gene function, while suitable reference genes must be stably expressed under different experimental conditions to obtain accurate and reproducible data for relative quantification. Taxol or paclitaxel is an important anticancer compound mainly identified in Taxus spp. The molecular mechanism of the regulation of taxol biosynthesis is current research goal. However, in the case of Taxus spp., few reports were published on screening suitable reference genes as internal controls for qRT-PCR. Here, eight reference genes were selected as candidate reference genes for further study. Common statistical algorithms geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder were used to analyze the data from samples collected from a cell line of Taxus × media under various experimental conditions and from tissues of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The expression patterns of TcMYC under salicylic acid treatment differed significantly, with the best and worst reference genes in the cell line. This study screened out suitable reference genes (GAPDH1 and SAND) under different treatments and tissues for the accurate and reliable normalization of the qRT-PCR expression data of Taxus spp. At the same time, this study will aid future research on taxol biosynthesis-related genes expression in Taxus spp., and can also be directly used to other related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Duanfen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Luyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiwang Yao
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Deyou Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Sun Y, Gao M, Kang S, Yang C, Meng H, Yang Y, Zhao X, Gao Z, Xu Y, Jin Y, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Han J. Molecular Mechanism Underlying Mechanical Wounding-Induced Flavonoid Accumulation in Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, an Endangered Tree That Produces Chinese Rosewood. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050478. [PMID: 32353985 PMCID: PMC7291145 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dalbergia odorifera, a critically endangered tree species, produces heartwood containing a vast variety of flavonoids. This heartwood, also known as Chinese rosewood, has high economic and medicinal value, but its formation takes several decades. In this study, we showed that discolored wood induced by pruning displays similar color, structure, and flavonoids content to those of natural heartwood, suggesting that wounding is an efficient method for inducing flavonoid production in D. odorifera. Transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying wounding-induced flavonoids production in D. odorifera heartwood. Wounding upregulated the expression of 90 unigenes, which covered 19 gene families of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, 6DCS, F3’5’H, F3H, FMO, GT, PMAT, CHOMT, IFS, HI4’OMT, HID, IOMT, I2’H, IFR, and I3’H. Furthermore, 47 upregulated unigenes were mapped to the biosynthesis pathways for five signal molecules (ET, JA, ABA, ROS, and SA). Exogenous application of these signal molecules resulted in the accumulation of flavonoids in cell suspensions of D. odorifera, supporting their role in wounding-induced flavonoid production. Insights from this study will help develop new methods for rapidly inducing the formation of heartwood with enhanced medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hui Meng
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yun Yang
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangsheng Zhao
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yue Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-10-57833363 (Z.Z.); +86-10-57833198 (J.H.)
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Chinese Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.S.); (M.G.); (C.Y.); (Z.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-10-57833363 (Z.Z.); +86-10-57833198 (J.H.)
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Lu X, Tang K, Li P. Plant Metabolic Engineering Strategies for the Production of Pharmaceutical Terpenoids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1647. [PMID: 27877181 PMCID: PMC5099148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical terpenoids belong to the most diverse class of natural products. They have significant curative effects on a variety of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, malaria and Alzheimer's disease. Nowadays, elicitors, including biotic and abiotic elicitors, are often used to activate the pathway of secondary metabolism and enhance the production of target terpenoids. Based on Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, several plant metabolic engineering strategies hold great promise to regulate the biosynthesis of pharmaceutical terpenoids. Overexpressing terpenoids biosynthesis pathway genes in homologous and ectopic plants is an effective strategy to enhance the yield of pharmaceutical terpenoids. Another strategy is to suppress the expression of competitive metabolic pathways. In addition, global regulation which includes regulating the relative transcription factors, endogenous phytohormones and primary metabolism could also markedly increase their yield. All these strategies offer great opportunities to enhance the supply of scarce terpenoids drugs, reduce the price of expensive drugs and improve people's standards of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
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A rational approach to improving the biotechnological production of taxanes in plant cell cultures of Taxus spp. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1157-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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