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Topal Z, Bahşi İ. The life and unique works of Buntaro Adachi (1865-1945). Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:1-3. [PMID: 32008104 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Topal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medicine Faculty of Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - İlhan Bahşi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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2
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Ghosh SK. The evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy: From antiquity to modern times. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:803-817. [PMID: 34558798 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Present day scenario regarding epistemological methods in anatomy is in sharp contrast to the situation during ancient period. This study aimed to explore the evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy across centuries. In ancient times Egyptian embalmers acquired anatomical knowledge from handling human bodies and likewise anatomical studies in India involved human dissection. Ancient Greeks used theological principles-based methods, animal dissection and human dissection in practice of anatomy. Human dissection was also practiced in ancient China for gaining anatomical knowledge. Prohibition of human dissection led to use of animal dissection in ancient Rome and the trend continued in Europe through Middle Ages. Epistemological methods used by Muslim scholars during Middle Ages are not clearly chronicled. Human dissection returned as primary epistemological method in Renaissance Europe and empirical methods were reinstated after ancient period in human dissection during 16th century. The situation further improved with introduction of pragmatic experiment based approach during 17th century and autopsy-based methods during 18th century. Advances in anatomical knowledge continued with advent of microscope-based methods and emergence of anatomical sections in practice of human dissection in 19th century. Introduction of human observational studies, medical imaging, and molecular methods presented more options in terms of epistemological methods for investigating the human body during 20th century. Onset of 21st century has witnessed dominance of technology-based methods in anatomy. Limited emphasis on ethics in epistemological methodologies since antiquity is a dark aspect of otherwise an eventful evolutionary journey but recent developments are in positive direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Zhang Y. Introduction of human anatomy before modern China: The preface of anatomical education in mainland China. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2632-2640. [PMID: 34545704 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anatomy is an early researched discipline of natural science. Ancient civilizations (e.g., Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China) made significant contributions to our current understanding of medicine, including human anatomy. However, in modern China (from 1912 to the present), some contemporary scholars prefer to overlook the fact that anatomy was studied before modern China. Therefore, the author chronologically lists typical hallmark events and publications related to human anatomy before modern China, summarizes the influences of anatomy on traditional Chinese medicine, and analyzes the reasons for the slow progression of anatomy before modern China. The purpose is to better understand the history and culture of anatomy before modern China, serving as the first step of anatomical education for medical students in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Bordes SJ, Iwanaga J, Zarrintan S, Watanabe K, Tubbs RS. Accessory Vertebral Artery: An Embryological Review With Translation from Adachi. Cureus 2021; 13:e13448. [PMID: 33767932 PMCID: PMC7982507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral arteries arise from the posterior superior aspect of the bilateral subclavian arteries and course superiorly through the transverse foramina of C1-C6 vertebrae before joining one another along the anterior surface of the pons. Developmental variations during the fourth to sixth weeks of embryonic development may result in the formation of accessory vertebral arteries, i.e., ipsilateral vertebral arteries of dual origin. This anatomical variation is distinct from and often confused with vertebral artery duplications and fenestrations. This article reviews the anatomy and embryology of the accessory vertebral artery with excerpts from Buntaro Adachi's classic text on vascular anatomical variations. Knowledge of accessory vertebral vessels is important during vascular and spinal procedures of the head and neck. Furthermore, these variations have been associated with cerebrovascular pathologies, such as stroke, dissection, and other hemodynamic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Sina Zarrintan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, JPN
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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Rugge M, Sacchi D, Cesaro S, Sbaraglia M, Locatelli F. Ethics in clinical autopsy. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:jclinpath-2020-206793. [PMID: 33293353 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript concerns the ethical aspects of the clinical autopsy procedure. Much of the literature on this topic addresses some of the multifaceted issues potentially involved: religious beliefs and/or cultural traditions coming to bear on the management of autopsies, relations between families and healthcare personnel (physicians and technicians) involved in conducting an autopsy, ethical implications of regulations to follow and procedures for obtaining biological samples for further diagnostics or research. All these issues have ethical implications, particularly in today's globalised cultural domain. To preserve for future generations the teaching and scientific value of the clinical autopsy, scientific societies and academic institutions should endorse educational efforts to promote the ethical management of autopsy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Diana Sacchi
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Sonia Cesaro
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Hemato-oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy
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Bordes SJ, Zarrintan S, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The Premasseteric Branch of the Facial Artery: A Review and Translation of Adachi's Work. Cureus 2020; 12:e10538. [PMID: 33094077 PMCID: PMC7574994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The premasseteric branch of the facial artery is a variable posterior branch that is closely associated with the anterior border of the masseter muscle. Since its first description, the premasseteric branch has been described using different terms such as the masseteric or posterior branch of the facial artery. While the artery’s anatomy is known, it is infrequently discussed in the literature. This manuscript reviews the artery’s origin, course, and importance during maxillofacial procedures, especially those involving manipulation of the masseter. We also provide a translation of Adachi’s 1928 German text describing the branch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sina Zarrintan
- Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRN
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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Ghosh SK. Johann Vesling (1598-1649): seventeenth century anatomist of Padua and his Syntagma Anatomicum. Clin Anat 2014; 27:1122-7. [PMID: 25125074 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Johann Vesling (1598-1649) was a German anatomist and surgeon who belonged to the golden period of the illustrious University of Padua. He made significant contributions to the advancement of anatomical knowledge during the 17th century and is remembered most for his remarkable anatomical work, the Syntagma Anatomicum, which was published in 1641. He was the first to describe the soleus muscle and to emphasize its resemblance to the sole fish. He produced the earliest illustrations of the human lymphatic system and was one of the first to document observations about the thoracic duct. He was also the first to report the bifurcation of the human hepatic portal vein on entering the fissure of the liver. His observations from embryological experiments were critical for understanding the development of the four-chambered heart. He was one of the first authors to state that four pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium of the heart. Syntagma Anatomicum (1641) was the most widely used anatomical text in Europe for almost a century and was republished a number of times with editions in Latin, German, Dutch, and English. Syntagma was the first illustrated western anatomical text to reach Japan and laid the foundation for the development of European medicine there. The illustrations used in it deviated from the artistic convention that had characterized anatomical figures from the time of Vesalius, and focused instead on representing anatomical details to make them helpful for medicine and surgery. Clin. Anat. 27:1122-1127, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, ESI-PGIMSR & ESIC Medical College, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Watanabe K, Shoja MM, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Buntaro Adachi (1865-1945): Japanese master of human anatomic variation. Clin Anat 2013; 25:957-60. [PMID: 23112208 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Buntaro Adachi (1865-1945) was a Japanese physician, anatomist, and anthropologist and is most remembered for his study on human anatomic variation. At the end of 19th Century, one of the main focuses in anthropology was the comparison between the races. In Japan, anthropological studies of the origin of the modern Japanese race were carried out by Adachi and others. Adachi believed that differences went beyond the bones that were commonly studied in his day and, therefore, investigated soft tissues of the body. Two products of his intense study of variation of human anatomy were Das Arteriensystem der Japaner (The Arterial System of the Japanese) published in 1928 and Das Venensystem der Japaner (The Venous System of the Japanese) published in 1933 and 1940. These books received much attention and were praised by anatomists and anthropologists around the world. Even now, these books are invaluable as references for human anatomic variation. Herein, we provide an overview of the life and achievements of Buntaro Adachi and to our knowledge, this is the first such review in the English language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Watanabe
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Eid N, Ito Y, Shibata M, Otsuki Y. Persistent median artery: Cadaveric study and review of the literature. Clin Anat 2011; 24:627-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Loukas M, Ferrauiola J, Shoja MM, Tubbs RS, Cohen-Gadol AA. Anatomy in ancient China: The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon of Medicineand Wang Qingren's Correcting the Errors in the Forest of Medicine. Clin Anat 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.20979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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